Our natural sleep cycle | Jessa Gamble

595,040 views ใƒป 2010-09-15

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Seo Rim Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : J J LEE
00:16
Let's start with day and night.
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๋‚ฎ๊ณผ ๋ฐค์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
00:18
Life evolved under conditions
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์ƒ๋ช…์€ ๋น›๊ณผ ์–ด๋‘ ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์—์„œ
00:20
of light and darkness,
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์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
light and then darkness.
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๋น› ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋‘ ์ด์ฃ .
00:24
And so plants and animals
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋™์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€
00:26
developed their own internal clocks
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ์ƒ์ฒด์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ
00:28
so that they would be ready for these changes in light.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น›์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
These are chemical clocks,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ™”ํ•™์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ณ„์ด๋ฉฐ,
00:32
and they're found in every known being that has two or more cells
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ณ 
00:35
and in some that only have one cell.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‹จ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
I'll give you an example --
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
if you take a horseshoe crab off the beach,
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ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ ํˆฌ๊ตฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์žก์•„
00:42
and you fly it all the way across the continent,
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๋Œ€๋ฅ™์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์™€์„œ,
00:44
and you drop it into a sloped cage,
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๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋–จ์–ดํŠธ๋ ค ๋†“์œผ๋ฉด
00:47
it will scramble up the floor of the cage
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ํˆฌ๊ตฌ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
as the tide is rising
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ํˆฌ๊ตฌ๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ์„œ์‹ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ
00:51
on its home shores,
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๋ฐ€๋ฌผ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋•Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
and it'll skitter down again right as the water is receding
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์ด ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋งˆ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋น ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
00:55
thousands of miles away.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žฝ์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
It'll do this for weeks,
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ํˆฌ๊ตฌ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
until it kind of gradually loses the plot.
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์ ์ฐจ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:03
And it's incredible to watch,
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
but there's nothing psychic or paranormal going on;
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ดˆ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์˜ํ•œ ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
it's simply that these crabs have internal cycles
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์ด ๊ฒŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š”
01:10
that correspond, usually, with what's going on around it.
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๋‚ด์ ์ธ ์ˆœํ™˜์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
So, we have this ability as well.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
And in humans, we call it the "body clock."
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์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฒด๋‚ด ์‹œ๊ณ„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
You can see this most clearly when you take away someone's watch
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋นผ์•—๊ณ  ๊นŠ์€ ์ง€ํ•˜ ๋ฒ™์ปค์—
01:23
and you shut them into a bunker, deep underground,
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๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ€๋‘ฌ๋†“์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
01:26
for a couple of months. (Laughter)
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๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
People actually volunteer for this,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์— ์ง€์›ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ,
01:30
and they usually come out
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋ฒ™์ปค ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜
01:32
kind of raving about their productive time in the hole.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐฌ์„ ๋Š˜์–ด๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
So, no matter how atypical these subjects would have to be,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ก€์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด
01:37
they all show the same thing.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
They get up just a little bit later every day -- say 15 minutes or so --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ 15๋ถ„ ์ •๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:42
and they kind of drift all the way around the clock like this
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ฑธ์ณ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด
01:45
over the course of the weeks.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
And so, in this way we know that they are working on their own internal clocks,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ๋ฐ”๊นฅ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
01:50
rather than somehow sensing the day outside.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์ƒ์ฒด์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
So fine, we have a body clock,
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒด๋‚ด์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
and it turns out that it's incredibly important in our lives.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
It's a huge driver for culture
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์ฒด๋‚ด์‹œ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
and I think that it's the most underrated force on our behavior.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์–‘์‹ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ €ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ ํž˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
We evolved as a species near the equator,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ๋„ ๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
and so we're very well-equipped
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 12์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ–‡๋น›๊ณผ
02:11
to deal with 12 hours of daylight
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12์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–ด๋‘ ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—
02:13
and 12 hours of darkness.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
But of course, we've spread to every corner of the globe
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์„๊ตฌ์„์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
and in Arctic Canada, where I live,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ๋ถ๊ทน์—๋Š”
02:19
we have perpetual daylight in summer
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ํ–‡๋น›์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
and 24 hours of darkness in winter.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒจ์šธ์—๋Š” 24์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์–ด๋‘ ์ด์ฃ .
02:24
So the culture, the northern aboriginal culture,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ถ์ชฝ์˜ ํ† ์ฐฉ ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š”
02:27
traditionally has been highly seasonal.
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
In winter, there's a lot of sleeping going on;
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๊ฒจ์šธ์—๋Š”, ์ž ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์žก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
you enjoy your family life inside.
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์ง‘ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์ฆ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
And in summer, it's almost manic hunting
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—๋Š”, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋“ฏ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:37
and working activity very long hours,
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•„์ฃผ ์™•์„ฑํ•œ
02:39
very active.
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๋…ธ๋™ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
So, what would our natural rhythm look like?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:44
What would our sleeping patterns be
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
02:47
in the sort of ideal sense?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:50
Well, it turns out
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์ž, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
02:52
that when people are living
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ธ๊ณต์˜ ๋น›๋„ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์ด
02:54
without any sort of artificial light at all,
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์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐค ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์ž ์„
02:56
they sleep twice every night.
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์ž”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
They go to bed around 8:00 p.m.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 8์‹œ์ฏค ์ž ์— ๋“ค๊ณ 
03:00
until midnight
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์ž์ •์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
and then again, they sleep
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ, 2์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์„œ
03:04
from about 2:00 a.m. until sunrise.
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ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋œฐ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์žก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
And in-between, they have a couple of hours
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์นจ๋Œ€ ์•ˆ์—์„œ
03:09
of sort of meditative quiet in bed.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ช…์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ณ ์š”์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
And during this time,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
03:14
there's a surge of prolactin,
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ 
03:16
the likes of which a modern day never sees.
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ํ”„๋กœ๋ฝํ‹ด์˜ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
The people in these studies
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์€
03:21
report feeling so awake during the daytime,
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๋‚ฎ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊นจ์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
that they realize
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ
03:25
they're experiencing true wakefulness
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
03:27
for the first time in their lives.
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์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
So, cut to the modern day.
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์ž, ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์‚ถ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€๋ณด์ฃ .
03:31
We're living in a culture of jet lag,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์ฐจ์ฆ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์—ฌํ–‰,
03:33
global travel,
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24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์ ๋“ค๊ณผ
03:35
24-hour business,
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๊ต๋Œ€ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜
03:38
shift work.
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๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
And you know, our modern ways
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์‹์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—๋Š”
03:43
of doing things
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜
03:45
have their advantages,
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์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
but I believe we should understand the costs.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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