The habits of happiness | Matthieu Ricard

Prevodilac: Marta Rakic Lektor: Mateja Nenadovic

So, I guess it is a result of globalization

Pa, pretpostavljam da je rezultat globalizacije to što možete naći

that you can find Coca-Cola tins on top of Everest

limenku "Koka Kole" na vrhu Mont Everesta i budističkog monaha u Monetreju.

and a Buddhist monk in Monterey.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And so I just came, two days ago, from the Himalayas

Došao sam pre par dana sa Himalaja na vaš ljubazni poziv.

to your kind invitation.

So I would like to invite you, also, for a while, to the Himalayas themselves.

Pa bih želeo da i ja vas pozovem na kratku posetu Himalajima.

And to show the place where meditators, like me,

Da vam pokažem mesto gde su meditanti, kao ja,

who began with being a molecular biologist in Pasteur Institute,

koji sam počeo kao molekularni biolog u Institutu Paster,

and found their way to the mountains.

pronašli svoj put do planina.

So these are a few images I was lucky to take and be there.

Ovo su fotografije mesta koje sam imao sreću da posetim i fotografišem.

There's Mount Kailash in Eastern Tibet -- wonderful setting.

Planina Kailash u istočnom Tibetu - divan predeo.

This is from Marlboro country.

Ovo je iz zemlje Malbora.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

This is a turquoise lake.

Tirkizno jezero.

A meditator.

Meditant.

This is the hottest day of the year somewhere in Eastern Tibet, on August 1.

1. avgust, najtopliji dan negde u istočnom Tibetu.

And the night before, we camped, and my Tibetan friends said,

Noć pre toga smo kampovali i moji tibetanski prijatelji su rekli:

"We are going to sleep outside."

''Spavaćemo napolju''. ''Zašto?'', pitao sam, ''u šatoru ima dovoljno mesta za sve''.

And I said, "Why? We have enough space in the tent."

Odgovorili su mi: ''Da, ali sada je leto''.

They said, "Yes, but it's summertime."

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So now, we are going to speak of happiness.

Dakle, sada ćemo da pričamo o sreći.

As a Frenchman, I must say

Kao Francuz, moram da kažem da ima dosta francuskih intelektualaca

that there are a lot of French intellectuals

koji smatraju da sreća nije nimalo zanimljiva tema.

that think happiness is not at all interesting.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I just wrote an essay on happiness, and there was a controversy.

Upravo sam završio pisanje eseja o sreći koje je pokrenulo mnogo polemike.

And someone wrote an article saying,

Neko je napisao članak u kome mi poručuje da ne im namećem neumesne radove o sreći.

"Don't impose on us the dirty work of happiness."

(Smeh)

(Laughter)

"We don't care about being happy. We need to live with passion.

''Nas ne zanima da budemo srećni. Nama je potrebno da živimo sa strašću.

We like the ups and downs of life.

Sviđaju nam se usponi i padovi kao deo života.

We like our suffering because it's so good when it ceases for a while."

Nama se dopada patnja jer, kada na kratko prestane, osećamo se dobro."

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

This is what I see from the balcony of my hermitage in the Himalayas.

Ovo je pogled sa balkona moje sobe na Himalajima.

It's about two meters by three, and you are all welcome any time.

Soba je dva metra sa tri i dobrodošli ste kada god poželite.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Now, let's come to happiness or well-being.

No, hajde da se vratimo na temu sreće ili blagostanja.

And first of all, you know, despite what the French intellectuals say,

Da kažemo, najpre, da bez obzira na to šta francuski intelektualci tvrde

it seems that no one wakes up in the morning thinking,

niko se ujutro ne budi sa željom:

"May I suffer the whole day?"

''Kad bih mogao da patim ceo dan!''

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Which means that somehow, consciously or not,

To samo znači da nekako - svesno ili ne,

directly or indirectly, in the short or the long term,

direktno ili indirektno, na kratke ili na duge staze

whatever we do, whatever we hope, whatever we dream --

šta god da radimo, čemu god da se nadamo, o čemu god da sanjamo -

nekako, sve to je povezano sa dubokom, uzvišenom potrebom za blagostanjem ili srećom.

somehow, is related to a deep, profound desire for well-being or happiness.

As Pascal said, even the one who hangs himself,

Kao što je Paskal rekao, čak i onaj koji izvrši samoubistvo,

somehow, is looking for cessation of suffering.

traži način da prekine patnju - ali nije našao nijedan drugi način.

He finds no other way.

But then, if you look in the literature, East and West,

Ako se osvrnemo na književnost, istočnu ili zapadnu,

you can find incredible diversity of definition of happiness.

videćemo da se sreća definiše na veoma različite načine.

Some people say, I only believed in remembering the past,

Neki kažu da veruju samo u sećanje na prošlost

imagining the future, never the present.

i u zamišljanje budućnosti, a da nikada ne polažu veru u sadašnjost.

Some people say happiness is right now;

Drugi tvrde da je sreća u sadašnjem trenutku;

it's the quality of the freshness of the present moment.

u samom doživljaju svežine sadašnjeg trenutka.

And that led Henri Bergson, the French philosopher, to say,

I, to je navelo Anri Bergsona, francuskog filozofa, da kaže kako su

"All the great thinkers of humanity have left happiness in the vague

''svi veliki humanistički mislioci ostavili sreću nerazjašnjenom

so that each of them could define their own terms."

kako bi je svako od njih mogao definisati po sopstvenom ličnom nahođenju''.

Well, that would be fine if it was just a secondary preoccupation in life.

Pa, to bi bilo sasvim prihvatljivo kada bismo govorili o nekoj nevažnoj životnoj obavezi.

But now, if it is something that is going to determine

Ali, ipak, ako govorimo o nečemu što određuje

the quality of every instant of our life,

kvalitet svakog trenutka naših života,

then we better know what it is, have some clearer idea.

bolje bi nam bilo da znamo šta je to, da imamo jasniju ideju o čemu govorimo.

And probably, the fact that we don't know that is why, so often,

I nije nemoguće da baš zato što ne znamo šta je to sreća, mi joj tako često

although we seek happiness, it seems we turn our back to it.

okrećemo leđa, iako zapravo sve vreme tragamo za njom.

Although we want to avoid suffering,

Iako želimo da izbegnemo patnju, čini se kao da joj nekako hrlimo u susret.

it seems we are running somewhat towards it.

And that can also come from some kind of confusions.

A to takođe može proizilaziti iz raznih zabuna.

One of the most common ones is happiness and pleasure.

Najčešća je ona koja se tiče sreće i zadovoljstva.

But if you look at the characteristics of those two,

Ali, ako razmislite o karakteristikama ove dve kategorije,

pleasure is contingent upon time, upon its object,

videćete da je zadovoljstvo zavisno od vremena, mesta i od objekta zadovoljstva.

upon the place.

It is something that -- changes of nature.

To je nešto što je po svojoj prirodi promenljivo.

Beautiful chocolate cake: first serving is delicious,

Slasna čokoladna torta: prvo parče je izvrsno,

second one not so much, then we feel disgust.

i drugo je, ali ne toliko, a sledeće nam se već gadi.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

That's the nature of things.

Takva je priroda stvari: vremenom nas zamore.

We get tired.

I used to be a fan of Bach.

Nekada sam bio obožavalac Baha. Svirao sam njegove kompozicije na gitari, znate.

I used to play it on the guitar, you know.

I can hear it two, three, five times.

Mogao sam da ga slušam dva, tri, pet puta.

If I had to hear it 24 hours, non-stop, it might be very tiring.

A da sam morao da ga slušam 24 sata, non-stop, to bi bilo veoma iscrpljujuće.

If you are feeling very cold, you come near a fire, it's so wonderful.

Kada vam je hladno, vi se pribliđite vatri, i to tako prija.

After some moments, you just go a little back,

Onda, posle par trenutaka, malo se udaljite i na kraju gorite.

and then it starts burning.

It sort of uses itself as you experience it.

Kao da se zadovoljstvo samim doživljajem troši.

And also, again, it can -- also, it's something that you --

Takođe, s druge strane, ono može - znate, ono je nešto što -

it is not something that is radiating outside.

zadovoljstvo nije nešto što se širi okolo.

Like, you can feel intense pleasure

Na primer, možete osećati jako zadovoljstvo,

and some others around you can be suffering a lot.

a da ipak ljudi oko vas pate u velikoj meri.

Now, what, then, will be happiness?

Šta bi onda bila sreća?

And happiness, of course, is such a vague word, so let's say well-being.

''Sreća'' je ipak tako nejasna reč, hajde da je kažemo ''blagostanje''.

And so, I think the best definition, according to the Buddhist view,

Dakle, mislim da bi najbolja definicija bila, prema budističkom pogledu,

is that well-being is not just a mere pleasurable sensation.

ona koja kaže da blagostanje nije samo ugodan oset ili senzacija.

It is a deep sense of serenity and fulfillment.

Blagostanje je duboko ukorenjen osećaj mirnoće i ispunjenosti,

stanje koje preovlađuje nad svim drugim emocionalnim stanjima i predstavlja njihovo ishodište

A state that actually pervades

and underlies all emotional states,

and all the joys and sorrows that can come one's way.

ishodište svih radosti i tuga koje tokom života susrećemo.

For you, that might be surprising.

Možda vas ovo iznenađuje.

Can we have this kind of well-being while being sad?

Da li možemo imati stanje dobrobiti ukoliko smo tužni? A zašto ne bismo?

In a way, why not?

Because we are speaking of a different level.

Jer, radi se o drugačijim kategorijama.

Look at the waves coming near the shore.

Pogledajte talase kako se primiču obali.

When you are at the bottom of the wave, you hit the bottom.

Kada ste na dnu talasa, potonućete na dno.

You hit the solid rock.

Udarićete u tvrdu stenu.

When you are surfing on the top, you are all elated.

Kada surfujete na vrhu talasa, osećate se moćno i uzvišeno.

So you go from elation to depression -- there's no depth.

Dakle, krećete se od ushićenja do depresije, ne postoji dubina.

Now, if you look at the high sea,

Sad, ako pogledate ka pučini, možete videti prelepi okean, miran kao ogledalo.

there might be beautiful, calm ocean, like a mirror.

There might be storms,

Ili ćete videti oluje, ali dubina okeana je uvek tu nepromenljiva.

but the depth of the ocean is still there, unchanged.

So now, how is that?

Kako to?

It can only be a state of being, not just a fleeting emotion, sensation.

To je razlika između postojanja i prolazne emocije, senzacije.

Even joy -- that can be the spring of happiness.

Zadovoljstvo može biti vesnik sreće.

But there's also wicked joy, you can rejoice in someone's suffering.

Ali, postoje i naopaka zadovoljstva, možete uživati u nečijoj patnji.

So how do we proceed in our quest for happiness?

Dakle, kako da nastavimo našu potragu za srećom? Često za njom tragamo u spoljašnjem svetu.

Very often, we look outside.

We think that if we could gather this and that, all the conditions,

Mislimo da ako bismo posedovali ovo ili ono, ako bi se stekli svi uslovi,

something that we say, "Everything to be happy --

često kažemo, ''Bili bismo srećni kad bismo

to have everything to be happy."

imali sve što je potrebno da bismo bili srećni''.

That very sentence already reveals the doom, destruction of happiness.

I sama ta rečenica već otkriva uzrok propasti sreće.

To have everything.

Imati sve. Ako nešto nedostaje, sve propada.

If we miss something, it collapses.

And also, when things go wrong, we try to fix the outside so much,

Isto tako, kada nešto krene naopako, mi se tako trudimo da popravimo ono što je spolja,

but our control of the outer world is limited,

ne shvatajući da je naša kontrola nad spoljašnjim svetom ograničena i, često, varljiva.

temporary, and often, illusory.

So now, look at inner conditions.

Hajde da pogledamo na unutrašnje uslove. Nisu li oni snažniji?

Aren't they stronger?

Isn't it the mind that translates

Zar nije um taj koji prevodi spoljašnje uslove u kategorije sreće ili patnje?

the outer condition into happiness and suffering?

And isn't that stronger?

I zar nije on moćniji?

We know, by experience,

Iz iskustva znamo da možemo živeti, kako se to kaže, ''kao bubreg u loju'',

that we can be what we call "a little paradise,"

and yet, be completely unhappy within.

pa da ipak budemo potpuno nesrećni iznutra.

The Dalai Lama was once in Portugal,

Dalaj Lama je jednom bio u Portugalu,

and there was a lot of construction going on everywhere.

a tamo se gradilo na sve strane.

So one evening, he said, "Look, you are doing all these things,

Jedne večeri je rekao, ''Pogledajte, sav taj trud da izgradite toliko toga,

but isn't it nice, also, to build something within?"

ali, zar nije podjednako bitno da i sebe izgradite?''

And he said, "[Without] that -- even if you get a high-tech flat

A onda je nastavio, ''Jer - možda ćete dobiti najluksuzniji stan

on the 100th floor of a super-modern and comfortable building,

na 100. spratu super-moderne i udobne zgrade,

if you are deeply unhappy within,

ali, ako ste duboko u sebi nesrećni,

all you are going to look for is a window from which to jump."

jedino što će vas interesovati jeste prozor sa koga biste mogli skočiti.''

So now, at the opposite,

S druge strane,

we know a lot of people who, in very difficult circumstances,

svi znamo ljude koji žive u veoma teškim okolnostima

manage to keep serenity, inner strength, inner freedom, confidence.

a ipak uspevaju da očuvaju mirnoću, unutarnju snagu, slobodu, poverenje.

So now, if the inner conditions are stronger --

Dakle, ako su unutrašni uslovi jači -

of course, the outer conditions do influence,

naravno, spoljašnji uslovi nisu bez uticaja,

and it's wonderful to live longer, healthier,

i divno je živeti duže, zdravije,

to have access to information, education,

imati pristup informacijama, obrazovanju, putovati,

to be able to travel, to have freedom.

biti slobodan, sve je to vrlo poželjno.

It's highly desirable.

However, this is not enough.

Ipak, sve to nije i dovoljno; to su sve samo pomagala.

Those are just auxiliary, help conditions.

The experience that translates everything is within the mind.

Sam doživljaj nalazi se u nama samima, u našoj svesti.

So then, when we ask oneself

Dakle, pitamo se kako da negujemo stanje sreće,

how to nurture the condition for happiness,

the inner conditions, and which are those which will undermine happiness.

unutrašnje uslove i šta je to što podriva sreću.

So then, this just needs to have some experience.

Odgovor zahteva lično iskustvo.

We have to know from ourselves, there are certain states of mind

I sami znamo da postoje određena stanja svesti

that are conducive to this flourishing, to this well-being,

koja su zaslužna za poletnost, blagostanje,

what the Greeks called eudaimonia, flourishing.

za ono što su antički Grci nazivali eudajmonizam, nadahnutost.

There are some which are adverse to this well-being.

Postoje i stanja suprotna blagostanju.

And so, if we look from our own experience,

Ako pogledamo iz sopstvenog iskustva -

anger, hatred, jealousy, arrogance,

bes, mržnja, zavist, sujeta, opsesivna požuda, snažna pohlepa -

obsessive desire, strong grasping,

they don't leave us in such a good state after we have experienced it.

kada iskusimo ta osećanja, ne osećamo se dobro.

And also, they are detrimental to others' happiness.

Isto tako, ta osećanja ugrožavaju sreću drugih.

So we may consider that the more those are invading our mind,

Možemo zaključiti da ukoliko takva osećanja preovlađuju u nama,

and, like a chain reaction,

utoliko više ćemo se, posledično, osećati jadno i izmučeno.

the more we feel miserable, we feel tormented.

At the opposite, everyone knows deep within

Nasuprot tome, svako duboko u sebi zna da čin nesebične velikodušnosti,

that an act of selfless generosity,

if from the distance, without anyone knowing anything about it,

učinjen izdaleka, tako da niko ne zna za njega,

we could save a child's life, make someone happy.

može spasiti dečiji život ili učiniti nekoga srećnim.

We don't need the recognition. We don't need any gratitude.

Nije nam potrebno priznanje. Nije nam potrebna zahvalnost.

Just the mere fact of doing that

Sama činjenica da smo tako nešto uradili ispunjava nas osećajem povezanosti sa našim iskonskim bićem.

fills such a sense of adequation with our deep nature.

And we would like to be like that all the time.

I želeli bismo da se uvek tako osećamo.

So is that possible,

Dakle, da li je moguće promeniti način postojanja, transformisati nečiji um?

to change our way of being, to transform one's mind?

Aren't those negative emotions, or destructive emotions,

Zar nisu i negativne emocije ili destruktivne emocije

inherent to the nature of mind?

svojstvene samom umu?

Is change possible in our emotions, in our traits, in our moods?

Da li je moguće promeniti naša osećanja, naše osobine, naša raspoloženja?

For that we have to ask, what is the nature of mind?

Da bismo na ovo odgovorili, moramo se zapitati: kakva je priroda uma?

And if we look from the experiential point of view,

Ako pogledamo sa stanovištva iskustva,

there is a primary quality of consciousness

osnovna osobina uma je svesnost,

that's just the mere fact to be cognitive, to be aware.

pri tome mislimo na činjenicu da um spoznaje, zapaža.

Consciousness is like a mirror that allows all images to rise on it.

Svest je kao ogledalo koje dopušta svim odrazima da se na njemu pojave.

You can have ugly faces, beautiful faces in the mirror.

Mogu se videti ružna lica i lepa lica.

The mirror allows that, but the mirror is not tainted,

Ogledalo to omogućuje, ali nije oštećeno,

is not modified, is not altered by those images.

nije promenjeno, na njega ne utiču sami odrazi.

Likewise, behind every single thought

Na isti način, iza svake misli postoji jednostavna svest, čisto zapažanje.

there is the bare consciousness, pure awareness.

This is the nature.

To je priroda. Ona suštinski ne može biti obojena mržnjom ili ljubomorom zato što

It cannot be tainted intrinsically with hatred or jealousy because then,

if it was always there --

jer, kada bi mogla - poput farbe koja oboji tkaninu -

like a dye that would permeate the whole cloth --

then it would be found all the time, somewhere.

pronalazili bi je uvek negde, bez izuzetka.

We know we're not always angry, always jealous, always generous.

Znamo da nismo uvek besni, uvek ljubomorni, uvek velikodušni.

So, because the basic fabric of consciousness

Zato što je osnovni materijal svesti sastavljen od

is this pure cognitive quality that differentiates it from a stone,

čistog zapažanja, koji je čini različitom od stene,

there is a possibility for change because all emotions are fleeting.

postoji mogućnost za promenu, zato što su sve emocije prolazne.

That is the ground for mind training.

Ovo je polazište za vežbanje uma.

Mind training is based on the idea that two opposite mental factors

Vežbanje uma se zasniva na ideji da 2 suprotna mentalna faktora

cannot happen at the same time.

ne mogu delovati u isto vreme.

You could go from love to hate.

Možete prvo voleti, a onda mrzeti.

But you cannot, at the same time, toward the same object,

Ali, ne mozete u isto vreme, prema istom objektu,

the same person, want to harm and want to do good.

prema istoj osobi, osećati i želju da povredite i želju da učinite dobro.

You cannot, in the same gesture, shake hand and give a blow.

Ne možete jednim pokretom ruke pružiti ruku i udariti šamar.

So, there are natural antidotes to emotions

Znači, postoje prirodni protivotrovi za sve emocije

that are destructive to our inner well-being.

koje deluju negativno na naše unutrašnje blagostanje.

So that's the way to proceed.

Dakle, to je put koji bi trebalo slediti. Radovati se umesto da zavidimo.

Rejoicing compared to jealousy.

A kind of sense of inner freedom

Osećaj unutrašnje slobode nasuprot jakoj pohlepi i opsesiji.

as opposite to intense grasping and obsession.

Benevolence, loving kindness against hatred.

Dobrodušnost i ljubaznost nasuprot mržnji.

But, of course, each emotion then would need a particular antidote.

Naravno, svaka emocija bi morala imati poseban protivotrov.

Another way is to try to find a general antidote to all emotions,

Drugi način je da pokušamo da pronađemo univerzalni protivotrov za sve emocije,

and that's by looking at the very nature.

i to tako što ćemo posmatrati samu prirodu stvari.

Usually, when we feel annoyed, hatred or upset with someone,

Obično, kada nas nešto iritira, izaziva mržnju, uznemirava,

or obsessed with something,

ili kada smo opsednuti nečim, naše misli se stalno vraćaju na to.

the mind goes again and again to that object.

Each time it goes to the object,

I svaki put kada pomislimo na taj objekat, on još više jača opsednutost i još više nas uznemirava.

it reinforces that obsession or that annoyance.

So then, it's a self-perpetuating process.

Dakle, to je proces koji sam sebe pokreće i osnažuje.

So what we need to look for now is,

A ono što bi trebalo da posmatramo nije izvan, već u nama.

instead of looking outward, we look inward.

Look at anger itself.

Posmatrajte sam bes;

It looks very menacing,

like a billowing monsoon cloud or thunderstorm.

on izgleda veoma preteće, kao naduti oblak monsuna ili oluja sa gromovima.

We think we could sit on the cloud,

Čini nam se da možemo sedeti na tom oblaku, ali ako probamo, videćemo da je to samo magla.

but if you go there, it's just mist.

Likewise, if you look at the thought of anger,

Isto tako, ako pogledamo na samu misao o besu,

it will vanish like frost under the morning sun.

nestaće kao mraz na jutarnjem suncu.

If you do this again and again, the propensity,

Ako to činimo iznova i iznova, sam instinkt,

the tendencies for anger to arise again

sklonost ka besu da se ponovo javi

will be less and less each time you dissolve it.

biće sve slabiji i slabiji svaki put kada ga se na ovaj način oslobodimo.

And, at the end, although it may rise,

Dok na kraju, ako se i pojavi, samo će proći kroz našu svest

it will just cross the mind,

like a bird crossing the sky without leaving any track.

kao što ptica proleti nebom ne ostavljajući nikakav trag.

So this is the principal of mind training.

Znači, ovo je princip vežbanja uma.

Now, it takes time,

Naravno, za to je potrebno vreme, zato što - bilo je potrebno vreme da se razviju

because it took time for all those faults in our mind, the tendencies, to build up,

sve greške u našoj svesti i sve sklonosti, pa će tako biti potrebno vreme i da ih ispravimo.

so it will take time to unfold them as well.

But that's the only way to go.

Ali, to je jedini način.

Mind transformation -- that is the very meaning of meditation.

Transformacija uma, to je suštinsko značenje meditacije.

It means familiarization with a new way of being,

To znači upoznavanje sa novim načinom postojanja,

new way of perceiving things,

novim načinom spoznaje stvari, što je više nego usaglašavanje sa realnošću,

which is more in adequation with reality,

with interdependence, with the stream and continuous transformation,

sa međuzavisnošću, sa tokom stvari i konstantnim menjanjem

which our being and our consciousness is.

što i jeste naše postojanje i naša svest.

So, the interface with cognitive science,

Dakle: veza sa kognitivnom naukom,

since we need to come to that, it was, I suppose, the subject of --

pošto moramo zaključiti s tim, što je valjda i bila tema ovog -

we have to deal in such a short time -- with brain plasticity.

imamo vrlo malo vremena da se pozabavimo -

plastičnošću mozga. Smatralo se da je mozak manje ili više nepromenljiv.

The brain was thought to be more or less fixed.

All the nominal connections, in numbers and quantities,

Sve do poslednjih 20 godina, smatralo se da su sve nominalne povezanosti, u

were thought, until the last 20 years,

brojkama i veličinama, manje ili više nepromenljive kada dostignemo zrelo doba.

to be more or less fixed when we reached adult age.

Now, recently, it has been found that it can change a lot.

Relativno skoro, utvrđeno je da se one mogu promeniti i to u znatnoj meri.

A violinist, as we heard, who has done 10,000 hours of violin practice,

Kao što smo čuli, violinista koji je imao više od 10.000 sati sviranja na violini,

some area that controls the movements of fingers in the brain changes a lot,

delovi njegovog mozga koji kontrolišu pokrete prstima se dosta menjaju,

increasing reinforcement of the synaptic connections.

uvećavajući na taj način snagu sinaptičkih veza.

So can we do that with human qualities?

Možemo li to isto primeniti i na ljudske osobine?

With loving kindness, with patience, with openness?

Sa toplinom,, strpljenjem, otvorenosti?

So that's what those great meditators have been doing.

To je ono čime se veliki meditanti bave.

Some of them who came to the labs,

Neki od njih koji su došli u istraživačke laboratorije u Medisonu, Viskonsinu ili u

like in Madison, Wisconsin, or in Berkeley,

did 20 to 40,000 hours of meditation.

Berkliju, meditirali su između 20 i 40 hiljada sati.

They do, like, three years' retreat, where they do meditate 12 hours a day.

Oni zaista, tokom trogodišnjeg osamljivanja, meditiraju 12 sati dnevno.

And then, the rest of their life, they will do three or four hours a day.

Nakon toga oni će do kraja života nastaviti da meditiraju 3 ili 4 sata dnevno.

They are real Olympic champions of mind training.

Oni su pravi olimpijski šampioni vežbanja uma.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

This is the place where the meditators -- you can see it's kind of inspiring.

Ovo je prostor za meditaciju - vidite kako je inspirativno.

Now, here with 256 electrodes.

A ovde isto to - sa 256 elektroda.

(Smeh)

(Laughter)

So what did they find?

I, šta su zapazili? Naravno, istu stvar.

Of course, same thing.

The scientific embargo --

Naučni embargo - ako ikada bude poslat naučnom žurnalu "Nature",

a paper has been submitted to "Nature," hopefully, it will be accepted.

nadamo se da će biti prihvaćen.

It deals with the state of compassion, unconditional compassion.

Tiče se stanja samilosti, bezuslovnog saosećanja.

We asked meditators, who have been doing that for years and years,

Zamolili smo meditante, koji su se time bavili tokom mnogih godina,

to put their mind in a state where there's nothing but loving kindness,

da dovedu svoj um u stanje gde ne postoji ništa drugo osim ljubavi i dobrote -

total availability to sentient being.

da se u potpunosti otvore osećajnom biću.

Of course, during the training, we do that with objects.

Naravno, dok vežbamo mi zamišljamo određene objekte.

We think of people suffering, of people we love,

Mislimo na ljude koji pate, na ljude koje volimo,

but at some point, it can be a state which is all pervading.

ali nakon nekog vremena, dolazimo do stanja koje je sveprožimajuće.

Here is the preliminary result,

Ovo je preliminarni rezultati koji mogu pokazati jer je već objavljen.

which I can show because it's already been shown.

The bell curve shows 150 controls,

Kriva pokazuje 150 kontrola, a ono što se posmatra jeste

and what is being looked at

is the difference between the right and the left frontal lobe.

razlika između desnog i levog dela frontalnog režnja.

In very short, people who have more activity

Ukratko, ljudi čija je desna strana čeonog korteksa aktivnija

in the right side of the prefrontal cortex

are more depressed, withdrawn.

jesu depresivniji, povučeniji - oni nemaju puno pozitivnih emocija.

They don't describe a lot of positive affect.

It's the opposite on the left side:

Na levoj strani je suprotno: više sklonosti ka altruizmu,

more tendency to altruism,

to happiness, to express, and curiosity and so forth.

sreći, izražavanju, radoznalosti i tako dalje.

So there's a basic line for people. And also, it can be changed.

Dakle, postoji osnovna kriva za sve ljude. I ona se može promeniti.

If you see a comic movie, you go off to the left side.

Ako pogledate komediju, pomerate se ka levoj strani.

If you are happy about something, you'll go more to the left side.

Ako ste srećni zbog nečega, još više se pomerate ka levoj strani.

Ako vas uhvati depresija, idete ka desnoj strani.

If you have a bout of depression, you'll go to the right side.

Here, the -0.5 is the full standard deviation

Vidite ovde, -0,5 je standardna devijacija

of a meditator who meditated on compassion.

čoveka koji meditira o saosećanju.

It's something that is totally out of the bell curve.

Ta vrednost je potpuno van standardne krive moždane aktivnosti.

So, I've no time to go into all the different scientific results.

Nažalost, nemam vremena da se bavim svim rezultatima naučnih istraživanja.

Hopefully, they will come.

Nadam se da će ih biti još više.

But they found that -- this is after three and a half hours

Ali, to su pronašli - ovo je nakon 3 i po sata funkcionalne magnetne rezonance,

in an fMRI,

it's like coming out of a space ship.

kao da ste izašli iz svemirskog broda.

Also, it has been shown in other labs --

Dakle, i u drugim laboratorijama je pronađeno -

for instance, Paul Ekman's labs in Berkeley --

kao, na primer, u laboratoriji Pola Ekmana u Berkliju -

that some meditators are able, also,

da su neki meditanti u stanju da kontrolišu svoju

to control their emotional response more than it could be thought.

emocionalnu reakciju u većoj meri nego što se to do tada smatralo mogućim.

Like the startle experiments, for example.

Kao, na primer, u eksperimentima iznenađenja.

If you sit a guy on a chair

Osoba sedi na stolici sa kompletnom opremom koja meri fiziološke reakcije,

with all this apparatus measuring your physiology,

and there's kind of a bomb that goes off,

i iznenada eksplodira zamišljena bomba, reakcija ljudi je do te mere instinktivna da,

it's such an instinctive response that,

in 20 years, they never saw anyone who would not jump.

u poslednjih 20 godina nije postojala osoba koja nije skočila sa stolice.

Some meditators, without trying to stop it,

Neki meditanti, bez ikakvog nastojanja da zaustave instinktivnu reakciju,

but simply by being completely open,

već samo time što su bili potpuno otvoreni,

thinking that that bang is just going to be a small event like a shooting star,

što su zamišljali da će prasak biti neznatan, kao zvezda padalica,

they are able not to move at all.

uspevali su da ostanu potpuno mirni.

So the whole point of that is not, sort of, to make, like,

Poenta ovih eksperimenata nije da se napravi neka vrsta cirkusa

a circus thing of showing exceptional beings who can jump, or whatever.

u kom prikazujemo neverovatna bića koja čine čudne stvari, ili tako nešto.

It's more to say that mind training matters.

Poenta je pokazati da je vežbanje uma bitno. To nije stvar luksuza.

That this is not just a luxury.

This is not a supplementary vitamin for the soul.

To nije dopunski vitamin za dušu;

This is something that's going to determine

to je nešto što će odrediti kvalitet svakog trenutka naših života.

the quality of every instant of our lives.

We are ready to spend 15 years achieving education.

Spremni smo da uložimo 15 godina u obrazovanje.

We love to do jogging, fitness.

Volimo da trčimo, da se bavimo fitnesom.

We do all kinds of things to remain beautiful.

Radimo svašta da bismo ostali lepi.

Yet, we spend surprisingly little time taking care of what matters most --

Ipak, ulažemo iznenađujuće malo vremena negujući ono što je najbitnije:

the way our mind functions --

način na koji naš um funkcioniše.

which, again, is the ultimate thing

Što je, opet, suštinska odrednica kvaliteta našeg iskustva.

that determines the quality of our experience.

Now, compassion is supposed to be put in action.

Trebalo bi aktivirati naše saosećanje.

That's what we try to do in different places.

To je ono šta mi radimo na različitim mestima.

Just this one example is worth a lot of work.

Samo ovaj jedan primer je vredan truda.

This lady with bone TB, left alone in a tent,

Ovo je žena smrtno obolela od tuberkuloze kostiju, ostavljena sama u šatoru sa

was going to die with her only daughter.

One year later, how she is.

svojom jedinom ćerkom. Evo je posle godinu dana.

Different schools and clinics we've been doing in Tibet.

Radili smo u raznim školama i klinikama na Tibetu.

And just, I leave you with the beauty of those looks

Ostaviću vas sa lepotom ovih prizora

that tells more about happiness than I could ever say.

koje govore o sreći mnogo više nego što bih ja ikada mogao.

(Laughter)

I, skokovi monaha sa Tibeta.

And jumping monks of Tibet.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Flying monks.

Leteći monasi.

Hvala vam najlepše.

Thank you very much.