The habits of happiness | Matthieu Ricard

2,725,104 views ใƒป 2008-04-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Smadar Prager ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
So, I guess it is a result of globalization
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ืื– ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื–ื• ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื
00:16
that you can find Coca-Cola tins on top of Everest
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ืคื—ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ื‘ืคืกื’ืช ื”ืื•ื•ืจืกื˜ ื•ื ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื™.
00:20
and a Buddhist monk in Monterey.
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00:22
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:25
And so I just came, two days ago, from the Himalayas
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ื•ื›ืš ืจืง ื”ื’ืขืชื™, ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืžื”ืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ืžืœื™ื” ืœื”ื–ืžื ืชื›ื ื”ืื“ื™ื‘ื”.
00:30
to your kind invitation.
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00:31
So I would like to invite you, also, for a while, to the Himalayas themselves.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืชื›ื, ื’ื, ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžื”, ืœื”ืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ืžืœื™ื” ืขืฆืžื.
00:37
And to show the place where meditators, like me,
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ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ื“ื˜ื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื ื™,
00:43
who began with being a molecular biologist in Pasteur Institute,
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ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืคืกื˜ืจ,
00:47
and found their way to the mountains.
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ื•ืžืฆื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืจื™ื.
00:51
So these are a few images I was lucky to take and be there.
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ืื– ืืœื” ื›ืžื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืจ-ืžื–ืœ ืœืฆืœื ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื.
00:58
There's Mount Kailash in Eastern Tibet -- wonderful setting.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืจ ื”ืงื™ื™ืœืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื˜ื™ื‘ื˜ -- ื ื•ืฃ ืžื•ืคืœื.
01:04
This is from Marlboro country.
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ื–ื” ืžืืจืฅ ื”ืžืจืœื‘ื•ืจื•.
01:06
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:11
This is a turquoise lake.
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ื–ื”ื• ืื’ื ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื–.
01:13
A meditator.
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ืžื•ื“ื˜.
01:16
This is the hottest day of the year somewhere in Eastern Tibet, on August 1.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื˜ื™ื‘ื˜ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜.
01:21
And the night before, we camped, and my Tibetan friends said,
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ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ื—ื ื™ื ื•, ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืืžืจื•,
01:26
"We are going to sleep outside."
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"ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ." ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™, "ืœืžื”? ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืื•ื”ืœ."
01:28
And I said, "Why? We have enough space in the tent."
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ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืงื™ืฅ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•."
01:31
They said, "Yes, but it's summertime."
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01:32
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:37
So now, we are going to speak of happiness.
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืฉืจ.
01:40
As a Frenchman, I must say
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ื›ืฆืจืคืชื™, ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื ืฆืจืคืชื™ื™ื
01:42
that there are a lot of French intellectuals
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ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
01:45
that think happiness is not at all interesting.
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01:48
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:49
I just wrote an essay on happiness, and there was a controversy.
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืฉืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช.
01:52
And someone wrote an article saying,
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ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ืชื‘ ืžืืžืจ ืฉืืžืจ, ืืœ ืชื›ืคื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืฉืจ.
01:54
"Don't impose on us the dirty work of happiness."
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:58
(Laughter)
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01:59
"We don't care about being happy. We need to live with passion.
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ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื ื• ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืชืฉื•ืงื”.
02:03
We like the ups and downs of life.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
02:05
We like our suffering because it's so good when it ceases for a while."
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื•ืกืง ืงืžืขื”.
02:09
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:13
This is what I see from the balcony of my hermitage in the Himalayas.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืžื”ืžืจืคืกืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื–ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื”ืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ืžืœื™ื”.
02:18
It's about two meters by three, and you are all welcome any time.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ.
02:21
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:23
Now, let's come to happiness or well-being.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืฉืจ ืื• ืœืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช-ืจืฆื•ืŸ.
02:28
And first of all, you know, despite what the French intellectuals say,
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ื•ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
02:33
it seems that no one wakes up in the morning thinking,
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ื ืจืื” ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
02:36
"May I suffer the whole day?"
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"ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื?"
02:38
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:39
Which means that somehow, consciously or not,
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• -- ื‘ืžื•ื“ืข ืื• ืฉืœื,
02:44
directly or indirectly, in the short or the long term,
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ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ, ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืื• ื”ืืจื•ืš,
02:48
whatever we do, whatever we hope, whatever we dream --
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ืžื” ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื”, ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ื ืงื•ื•ื”, ืžื” ืฉืœื ื ื—ืœื•ื --
ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•, ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืชืื•ื•ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ื ื—ืจืฆืช, ืœืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช-ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืื• ืœืื•ืฉืจ.
02:53
somehow, is related to a deep, profound desire for well-being or happiness.
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03:00
As Pascal said, even the one who hangs himself,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืคืกืงืœ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื–ื” ืฉืชื•ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื•,
03:03
somehow, is looking for cessation of suffering.
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ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•, ืžื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืกื‘ืœ -- ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื•ืฆื ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช.
03:08
He finds no other way.
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03:11
But then, if you look in the literature, East and West,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื–, ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช,
03:14
you can find incredible diversity of definition of happiness.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ืื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืฉืจ.
03:19
Some people say, I only believed in remembering the past,
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ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ,
03:24
imagining the future, never the present.
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ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื•ื”.
03:26
Some people say happiness is right now;
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ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื•ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื›ืฉื™ื•;
03:29
it's the quality of the freshness of the present moment.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืขื ื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™.
03:33
And that led Henri Bergson, the French philosopher, to say,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื ืจื™ ื‘ืจื’ืกื•ืŸ, ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™, ืœื•ืžืจ,
03:37
"All the great thinkers of humanity have left happiness in the vague
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"ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืขืจืคืœ
03:41
so that each of them could define their own terms."
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ -- ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœื•."
03:46
Well, that would be fine if it was just a secondary preoccupation in life.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
03:51
But now, if it is something that is going to determine
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข
03:54
the quality of every instant of our life,
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ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•,
03:57
then we better know what it is, have some clearer idea.
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ืื– ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:02
And probably, the fact that we don't know that is why, so often,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื”, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื›ื” ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช,
04:08
although we seek happiness, it seems we turn our back to it.
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ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืื•ืฉืจ, ื ืจืื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ื ืืœื™ื• ืืช ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•.
04:11
Although we want to avoid suffering,
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ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืกื‘ืœ, ื ืจืื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืืœื™ื•.
04:13
it seems we are running somewhat towards it.
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04:16
And that can also come from some kind of confusions.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื ื‘ื•ืข ืžื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื.
04:20
One of the most common ones is happiness and pleasure.
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ืชืขื ื•ื’.
04:23
But if you look at the characteristics of those two,
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ืื‘ืœ, ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืืœื”,
04:27
pleasure is contingent upon time, upon its object,
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ืชืขื ื•ื’ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืฉืื•, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื.
04:33
upon the place.
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04:35
It is something that -- changes of nature.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืฉืชื ื” ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•.
04:40
Beautiful chocolate cake: first serving is delicious,
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ืขื•ื’ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื ื”ื“ืจืช: ื”ืžื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืจื‘ื” ืœื—ื™ืš,
04:43
second one not so much, then we feel disgust.
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ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืœื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš, ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื’ื•ืขืœ.
04:46
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:49
That's the nature of things.
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ื–ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืขื™ื™ืคื™ื.
04:51
We get tired.
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04:53
I used to be a fan of Bach.
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ืคืขื ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื‘ืืš. ื ื™ื’ื ืชื™ ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ืจื”, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
04:55
I used to play it on the guitar, you know.
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04:57
I can hear it two, three, five times.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื–ื” ืคืขืžื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉ, ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื.
04:59
If I had to hear it 24 hours, non-stop, it might be very tiring.
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ืื ืืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื–ื” 24 ืฉืขื•ืช, ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืงื”, ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื™ื™ืฃ.
05:04
If you are feeling very cold, you come near a fire, it's so wonderful.
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ืื ืงืจ ืœืš ืžืื•ื“, ืืชื” ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœืืฉ, ื–ื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื ื”ื“ืจ.
05:08
After some moments, you just go a little back,
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ืื–, ืื—ืจื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืจื’ืขื™ื, ืืชื” ืžืชืจื—ืง ืžืขื˜, ื•ืื– ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ.
05:10
and then it starts burning.
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05:12
It sort of uses itself as you experience it.
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ื–ื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
05:19
And also, again, it can -- also, it's something that you --
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ื•ื’ื, ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ -- ื’ื, ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื” --
05:23
it is not something that is radiating outside.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืงืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
05:25
Like, you can feel intense pleasure
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื ื’ ืขื–
05:27
and some others around you can be suffering a lot.
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ืš ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“.
05:32
Now, what, then, will be happiness?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื” ืื–, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืฉืจ?
05:35
And happiness, of course, is such a vague word, so let's say well-being.
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ื•ืื•ืฉืจ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืœื” ืžืขื•ืจืคืœืช ื›ืœ-ื›ืš, ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืืžืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช-ืจืฆื•ืŸ.
05:41
And so, I think the best definition, according to the Buddhist view,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช,
05:45
is that well-being is not just a mere pleasurable sensation.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช-ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืžืขื ื’ืช ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื”.
05:53
It is a deep sense of serenity and fulfillment.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืง,
ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืจ ื•ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช
05:59
A state that actually pervades
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06:05
and underlies all emotional states,
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06:09
and all the joys and sorrows that can come one's way.
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ื•ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืžื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื’ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
06:13
For you, that might be surprising.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื, ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืคืชื™ืข.
06:15
Can we have this kind of well-being while being sad?
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช-ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืฆื•ื‘ื™ื? ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช, ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื?
06:19
In a way, why not?
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06:21
Because we are speaking of a different level.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืจืžื” ืฉื•ื ื”.
06:27
Look at the waves coming near the shore.
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ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ื’ืœื™ื ื”ื ืฉื‘ืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ.
06:31
When you are at the bottom of the wave, you hit the bottom.
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืœ, ืืชื” ื ื•ืคืœ ืœืชื—ืชื™ืช.
06:35
You hit the solid rock.
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ืืชื” ื ื•ืคืœ ืขืœ ืกืœืข ืžื•ืฆืง.
06:36
When you are surfing on the top, you are all elated.
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ื’ื•ืœืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืžื•, ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœืš ืžืจื•ืžื.
06:39
So you go from elation to depression -- there's no depth.
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ืื– ืืชื” ื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืขื•ืžืง.
06:43
Now, if you look at the high sea,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ืืชื” ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ืœื‘ ื”ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ืคื™, ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืจื’ื•ืข ื›ืžื• ืžืจืื”.
06:46
there might be beautiful, calm ocean, like a mirror.
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06:50
There might be storms,
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืื•ืœื™ ืกืขืจื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขื•ืžืงื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ืื ื•ืก ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื, ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืฉืชื ื”.
06:52
but the depth of the ocean is still there, unchanged.
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06:58
So now, how is that?
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื™ืš ื–ื”?
07:00
It can only be a state of being, not just a fleeting emotion, sensation.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืง ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”, ืœื ืจืง ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืœืคื•ืช, ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช.
07:04
Even joy -- that can be the spring of happiness.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืžื—ื”, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืฉืจ.
07:08
But there's also wicked joy, you can rejoice in someone's suffering.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื” ืžืจื•ืฉืขื•ืช, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืœื•ื– ื‘ืกื‘ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
07:13
So how do we proceed in our quest for happiness?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืข ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ืื—ืจ ื”ืื•ืฉืจ? ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
07:18
Very often, we look outside.
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07:21
We think that if we could gather this and that, all the conditions,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืืช ื–ื”, ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื,
07:26
something that we say, "Everything to be happy --
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ื”ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื.
07:29
to have everything to be happy."
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ื›ืœ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื.
07:31
That very sentence already reveals the doom, destruction of happiness.
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ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉืžื“ืชื• ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืฉืจ.
07:35
To have everything.
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื”ื›ืœ. ืื ื—ืกืจ ืœืš ืžืฉื”ื•, ื–ื” ืงื•ืจืก.
07:37
If we miss something, it collapses.
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07:40
And also, when things go wrong, we try to fix the outside so much,
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ื•ื’ื, ื›ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืžืกืชื“ืจื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ,
07:44
but our control of the outer world is limited,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช, ื–ืžื ื™ืช, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช, ืžืชืขืชืขืช.
07:50
temporary, and often, illusory.
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07:54
So now, look at inner conditions.
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื. ื”ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ?
07:57
Aren't they stronger?
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07:58
Isn't it the mind that translates
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ื”ืื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืžืชืจื’ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืฉืจ ื•ืœืกื‘ืœ?
08:01
the outer condition into happiness and suffering?
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08:04
And isn't that stronger?
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ื•ื”ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ?
08:06
We know, by experience,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืžื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ื’ืŸ-ืขื“ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ
08:07
that we can be what we call "a little paradise,"
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08:11
and yet, be completely unhappy within.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื.
08:16
The Dalai Lama was once in Portugal,
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ื”ื“ืœืื™ ืœืืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ,
08:18
and there was a lot of construction going on everywhere.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
08:21
So one evening, he said, "Look, you are doing all these things,
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ืื– ืขืจื‘ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืชืจืื•, ืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
08:24
but isn't it nice, also, to build something within?"
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื—ืžื“, ื’ื, ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื?"
08:27
And he said, "[Without] that -- even if you get a high-tech flat
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืืœื ืฉ -- ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืืชื” ืžืฉื™ื’ ื“ื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื™-ื˜ืง
08:32
on the 100th floor of a super-modern and comfortable building,
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ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”-100 ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืงืจื” ืกื•ืคืจ-ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™,
08:37
if you are deeply unhappy within,
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ืื ืืชื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืื•ืฉืจ ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื,
08:39
all you are going to look for is a window from which to jump."
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืชื—ืคืฉ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืฉืžืžื ื• ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืงืคื•ืฅ."
08:44
So now, at the opposite,
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื ื’ื“,
08:46
we know a lot of people who, in very difficult circumstances,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื•ืช
08:50
manage to keep serenity, inner strength, inner freedom, confidence.
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ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ื•ื”, ื—ื•ื–ืง ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™.
08:57
So now, if the inner conditions are stronger --
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื --
08:59
of course, the outer conditions do influence,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืืžื ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื,
09:02
and it's wonderful to live longer, healthier,
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืคืœื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ, ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:05
to have access to information, education,
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ืขื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื“ืข, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ,
09:08
to be able to travel, to have freedom.
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ืขื ื—ื•ืคืฉ, ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:11
It's highly desirable.
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09:13
However, this is not enough.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง; ืืœื” ืจืง ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื, ืชื ืื™ื.
09:15
Those are just auxiliary, help conditions.
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09:20
The experience that translates everything is within the mind.
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ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืžืชืจื’ืžืช ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจืืฉ.
09:24
So then, when we ask oneself
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ื•ืื–, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืื™ืš ืœื˜ืคื— ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ ืœืื•ืฉืจ,
09:26
how to nurture the condition for happiness,
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09:30
the inner conditions, and which are those which will undermine happiness.
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ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืžื”ื ืืœื• ืฉื™ืกื›ื ื• ืื•ืฉืจ.
09:36
So then, this just needs to have some experience.
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ื•ืื–, ืœื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืงืฆืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ.
09:40
We have to know from ourselves, there are certain states of mind
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžืขืฆืžื ื•, ื™ืฉ ื”ืœื›ื™ ืจื•ื— ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื
09:43
that are conducive to this flourishing, to this well-being,
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ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืฉืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืคืจื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ื•, ืœืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช-ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•,
09:46
what the Greeks called eudaimonia, flourishing.
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ื ื• ืื•ื“ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื” (ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืืœื™ื), ืœื‘ืœื•ื‘.
09:51
There are some which are adverse to this well-being.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช-ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•.
09:55
And so, if we look from our own experience,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• --
09:59
anger, hatred, jealousy, arrogance,
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ื›ืขืก, ืฉื ืื”, ืงื ืื”, ื™ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืชืื•ื•ื” ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ืช, ืจื“ื™ืคืช-ื‘ืฆืข ืงืฉื” --
10:03
obsessive desire, strong grasping,
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10:08
they don't leave us in such a good state after we have experienced it.
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ื”ื ืœื ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื.
10:12
And also, they are detrimental to others' happiness.
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ื•ื’ื, ื”ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœืื•ืฉืจื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.
10:17
So we may consider that the more those are invading our mind,
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื“ืขืชื™ื ื•,
10:21
and, like a chain reaction,
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ื•, ื›ืžื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ืฉืจืฉืจืช, ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ืžืœืœื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื•ืกืจื™ื.
10:23
the more we feel miserable, we feel tormented.
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10:27
At the opposite, everyone knows deep within
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ืžื ื’ื“, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื•ื›ื• ืฉืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช-ืœื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™-ืื ื•ื›ื™ืช,
10:31
that an act of selfless generosity,
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10:33
if from the distance, without anyone knowing anything about it,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืžืจื—ืง, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื™ื“ืข ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”,
10:37
we could save a child's life, make someone happy.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“, ืœืฉืžื— ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
10:42
We don't need the recognition. We don't need any gratitude.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื•ื ื”ื‘ืขืช ืชื•ื“ื”.
10:45
Just the mere fact of doing that
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ืจืง ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช, ืžืžืœืื” ื‘ื›ื–ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืกื™ืคื•ืง ืขื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
10:48
fills such a sense of adequation with our deep nature.
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10:52
And we would like to be like that all the time.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื›ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
10:56
So is that possible,
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ืื– ื”ืื ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™, ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช-ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•?
10:57
to change our way of being, to transform one's mind?
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11:02
Aren't those negative emotions, or destructive emotions,
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ื•ื”ืื ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืื• ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ืจืกื ื™ื•ืช,
11:06
inherent to the nature of mind?
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ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืœื™ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช-ืœื™ื‘ื ื•?
11:09
Is change possible in our emotions, in our traits, in our moods?
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื‘ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืจื•ื—ื™ื ื•?
11:15
For that we have to ask, what is the nature of mind?
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ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ืžื”ื• ืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช-ืœื™ื‘ื ื•?
11:18
And if we look from the experiential point of view,
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ื•ืื ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช,
11:22
there is a primary quality of consciousness
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช,
11:25
that's just the mere fact to be cognitive, to be aware.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืง ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื ื™, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืข.
11:30
Consciousness is like a mirror that allows all images to rise on it.
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ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืจืื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘ื”.
11:35
You can have ugly faces, beautiful faces in the mirror.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ืžื›ื•ืขืจื™ื, ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ื™ืคื™ื.
11:38
The mirror allows that, but the mirror is not tainted,
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ื”ืžืจืื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื–ืืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืจืื” ืœื ืžื•ื›ืชืžืช,
11:41
is not modified, is not altered by those images.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืฉื ื”, ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
11:46
Likewise, behind every single thought
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ, ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ืคื”, ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื”.
11:49
there is the bare consciousness, pure awareness.
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11:53
This is the nature.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืชืžืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ืื” ืื• ืงื ืื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ,
11:55
It cannot be tainted intrinsically with hatred or jealousy because then,
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11:59
if it was always there --
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ืื–, ืื ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื -- ื›ืžื• ืฆื‘ืข ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ --
12:01
like a dye that would permeate the whole cloth --
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12:05
then it would be found all the time, somewhere.
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื™ืžืฆื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื•ื.
12:08
We know we're not always angry, always jealous, always generous.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื•ืขืกื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžืงื ืื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื.
12:13
So, because the basic fabric of consciousness
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ืื–, ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืจืงื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช
12:16
is this pure cognitive quality that differentiates it from a stone,
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ื”ื•ื ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจืชื™ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืžื‘ื“ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื” ืžืื‘ืŸ,
12:20
there is a possibility for change because all emotions are fleeting.
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจื™-ื—ืœื•ืฃ.
12:24
That is the ground for mind training.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื“ืขืช.
12:27
Mind training is based on the idea that two opposite mental factors
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ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื“ืขืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื›ืœื™ื™ื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื
12:31
cannot happen at the same time.
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ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช.
12:34
You could go from love to hate.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืื”ื‘ื” ืœืฉื ืื”.
12:36
But you cannot, at the same time, toward the same object,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช, ื›ืœืคื™ ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ,
12:39
the same person, want to harm and want to do good.
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ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื, ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืจืข ื•ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘.
12:42
You cannot, in the same gesture, shake hand and give a blow.
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ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื—ื•ื•ื”, ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ื™ื“ ื•ืœืชืช ืžื›ื”.
12:47
So, there are natural antidotes to emotions
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืœืจื’ืฉื•ืช
12:50
that are destructive to our inner well-being.
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ืฉื”ื ื”ืจืกื ื™ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช-ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
12:54
So that's the way to proceed.
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ืื– ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš. ืขืœื™ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืงื ืื”.
12:57
Rejoicing compared to jealousy.
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13:00
A kind of sense of inner freedom
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ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืจื“ื™ืคืช ื‘ืฆืข ื•ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืขื–ื•ืช.
13:02
as opposite to intense grasping and obsession.
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13:07
Benevolence, loving kindness against hatred.
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ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉื ืื”.
13:13
But, of course, each emotion then would need a particular antidote.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœื›ืœ ืจื’ืฉ ืชื“ืจืฉ ืชืจื•ืคืช ื ื’ื“ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช.
13:18
Another way is to try to find a general antidote to all emotions,
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ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืชืจื•ืคืช ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช,
13:23
and that's by looking at the very nature.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื•.
13:26
Usually, when we feel annoyed, hatred or upset with someone,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš-ื›ืœืœ, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื• ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืื• ื”ืจื’ื™ื– ืื•ืชื ื•,
13:31
or obsessed with something,
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ืื• ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉื”ื•, ื”ื“ืขืช ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
13:33
the mind goes again and again to that object.
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13:36
Each time it goes to the object,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื”ื™ื ืžืชื’ื‘ืจืช ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ืื• ืืช ื”ืจื•ื’ื– ื”ื–ื”.
13:38
it reinforces that obsession or that annoyance.
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13:41
So then, it's a self-perpetuating process.
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ื•ืื–, ื–ื”ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฆื—ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
13:45
So what we need to look for now is,
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ืื– ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื›ืขืช, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืคื ื™ื.
13:47
instead of looking outward, we look inward.
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13:51
Look at anger itself.
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ื›ืขืก ืขืฆืžื•;
13:52
It looks very menacing,
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13:53
like a billowing monsoon cloud or thunderstorm.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืขื ืŸ ืžื•ื ืกื•ืŸ ืžืชื ืฉื ืื• ืกื•ืคืช ืจืขืžื™ื.
13:58
We think we could sit on the cloud,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉื, ื–ื” ืจืง ืขืจืคืœ.
14:01
but if you go there, it's just mist.
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14:03
Likewise, if you look at the thought of anger,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ, ืื ืืชื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ื›ืขืก,
14:06
it will vanish like frost under the morning sun.
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ื”ื™ื ืชืขืœื ื›ืžื• ืงืจื” ืชื—ืช ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ.
14:10
If you do this again and again, the propensity,
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ืื ืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื ื˜ื™ื”,
14:13
the tendencies for anger to arise again
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ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืฉื›ืขืก ื™ื•ืคื™ืข ืฉื•ื‘
14:16
will be less and less each time you dissolve it.
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ืชืคื—ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืชืžื•ืกืกื• ืื•ืชื•.
14:19
And, at the end, although it may rise,
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ืคื™ืข, ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื™ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื‘ื“ืขืช;
14:21
it will just cross the mind,
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14:23
like a bird crossing the sky without leaving any track.
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ื›ืžื• ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืœืคืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืฃ ืกื™ืžืŸ.
14:26
So this is the principal of mind training.
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ืื– ื–ื”ื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื“ืขืช.
14:30
Now, it takes time,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• -- ื–ื” ืœืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื ื•,
14:33
because it took time for all those faults in our mind, the tendencies, to build up,
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ื”ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืœื”ื™ื‘ื ื•ืช, ืื– ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื.
14:40
so it will take time to unfold them as well.
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14:43
But that's the only way to go.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
14:45
Mind transformation -- that is the very meaning of meditation.
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ืขืช, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”-ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”.
14:50
It means familiarization with a new way of being,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืชื•ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขื ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”,
14:53
new way of perceiving things,
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ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,
14:54
which is more in adequation with reality,
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14:57
with interdependence, with the stream and continuous transformation,
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ืขื ืขืฆืžืื•ืช, ืขื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื•ื”ืชืžืจื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
15:01
which our being and our consciousness is.
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ืฉื”ื ื”ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ื•ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
15:04
So, the interface with cognitive science,
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ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื”ืฉืงื” ืขื ืžื“ืข ื”ื›ืจื ื™.
15:06
since we need to come to that, it was, I suppose, the subject of --
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื–ื”, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ --
15:09
we have to deal in such a short time -- with brain plasticity.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš.
ืขื ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืช, ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื‘ื•ืข.
15:12
The brain was thought to be more or less fixed.
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15:15
All the nominal connections, in numbers and quantities,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ื ืงื•ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช, ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื --
15:18
were thought, until the last 20 years,
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ืขื“ 20 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื•ื’ืจ.
15:21
to be more or less fixed when we reached adult age.
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15:25
Now, recently, it has been found that it can change a lot.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“.
15:28
A violinist, as we heard, who has done 10,000 hours of violin practice,
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ื›ื ืจ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฉืžืขื ื•, ืฉื”ืชืืžืŸ 10,000 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื’ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ืจ,
15:32
some area that controls the movements of fingers in the brain changes a lot,
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ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื— ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“,
15:37
increasing reinforcement of the synaptic connections.
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ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ืคื˜ื™ื™ื (ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืื™ ื”ืขืฆื‘).
15:41
So can we do that with human qualities?
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ืื– ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช?
15:44
With loving kindness, with patience, with openness?
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ืขื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ ืื•ื”ื‘, ืขื ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช, ืขื ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช?
15:49
So that's what those great meditators have been doing.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืžื•ื“ื˜ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
15:53
Some of them who came to the labs,
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื™ืกืงื•ื ืกื™ืŸ, ืื• ื‘ื‘ืจืงืœื™,
15:56
like in Madison, Wisconsin, or in Berkeley,
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16:00
did 20 to 40,000 hours of meditation.
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ืขืฉื• ื‘ื™ืŸ 20 ืœ-40,000 ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”.
16:04
They do, like, three years' retreat, where they do meditate 12 hours a day.
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ื”ื ืขืฉื•, ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื“ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” 12 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื.
16:08
And then, the rest of their life, they will do three or four hours a day.
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ื•ืื–, ืœืฉืืจื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื, ื”ื ื™ืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื• ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื.
16:11
They are real Olympic champions of mind training.
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ื”ื ืืœื•ืคื™ื ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื“ืขืช.
16:14
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:17
This is the place where the meditators -- you can see it's kind of inspiring.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžื•ื“ื˜ื™ื -- ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื”.
16:21
Now, here with 256 electrodes.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื ื” ืขื 256 ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื•ืช.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:27
(Laughter)
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16:31
So what did they find?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ื ืžืฆืื•? ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
16:32
Of course, same thing.
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16:35
The scientific embargo --
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ื”ื—ืจื ื”ืžื“ืขื™ -- ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœ-ื˜ื‘ืข,
16:36
a paper has been submitted to "Nature," hopefully, it will be accepted.
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ื›ื•ืœื™ ืชืงื•ื•ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงื‘ืœ.
16:41
It deals with the state of compassion, unconditional compassion.
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ื–ื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ืžืœื”, ื—ืžืœื” ืœืœื ืชื ืื™.
16:45
We asked meditators, who have been doing that for years and years,
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ื‘ื™ืงืฉื ื• ืžื•ื“ื˜ื™ื, ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
16:49
to put their mind in a state where there's nothing but loving kindness,
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ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืชื ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืืฉืจ ื˜ื•ื‘-ืœื‘ ืื•ื”ื‘ --
16:53
total availability to sentient being.
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ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืœื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืชื—ื•ืฉืชื™ืช.
16:56
Of course, during the training, we do that with objects.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
16:58
We think of people suffering, of people we love,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื,
17:01
but at some point, it can be a state which is all pervading.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชืคืฉื˜.
17:05
Here is the preliminary result,
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืื ื™ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืฆื’ื•.
17:07
which I can show because it's already been shown.
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17:10
The bell curve shows 150 controls,
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ืขืงื•ืžืช ื”ืคืขืžื•ืŸ ืžืจืื” 150 ืคืจื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื•ืžื” ืฉื ื‘ื—ืŸ
17:15
and what is being looked at
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17:17
is the difference between the right and the left frontal lobe.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ื ื” ื”ืงื“ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช.
17:20
In very short, people who have more activity
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ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ืžืจืฅ, ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื™ืžื ื™ ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืื•ื ื” ื”ืงื“ืžื™ืช
17:23
in the right side of the prefrontal cortex
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17:26
are more depressed, withdrawn.
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ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ, ืžืชื›ื ืกื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื -- ื”ื ืœื ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื›ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช.
17:29
They don't describe a lot of positive affect.
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17:33
It's the opposite on the left side:
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ื–ื” ื”ืคื•ืš ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™: ื ื˜ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื–ื•ืœืชื ื•ืช (ืืœื˜ืจื•ืื™ื–ื),
17:36
more tendency to altruism,
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17:38
to happiness, to express, and curiosity and so forth.
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ืœืื•ืฉืจ, ืœื”ื‘ืขื”, ื•ืœืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื”.
17:42
So there's a basic line for people. And also, it can be changed.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื”ืงื• ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืœืื ืฉื™ื. ื•ื’ื, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
17:47
If you see a comic movie, you go off to the left side.
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ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืกืจื˜ ื”ืชื•ืœื™, ืืชื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™.
17:49
If you are happy about something, you'll go more to the left side.
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ืื ืืชื ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืขื ืžืฉื”ื•, ืืชื ืชื–ื•ื–ื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™.
ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื”ืชืงืฃ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ, ืืชื ื–ื–ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ื™ืžื ื™.
17:53
If you have a bout of depression, you'll go to the right side.
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17:56
Here, the -0.5 is the full standard deviation
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ื›ืืŸ, ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืก 0.5 ื”ื•ื ืกื˜ื™ื™ืช ืชืงืŸ ืžืœืื”
18:02
of a meditator who meditated on compassion.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื˜ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืขืœ ื—ืžืœื”.
18:05
It's something that is totally out of the bell curve.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขืงื•ืžืช ื”ืคืขืžื•ืŸ.
18:09
So, I've no time to go into all the different scientific results.
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ืื–, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
18:13
Hopefully, they will come.
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื”, ืฉื”ื ื™ื‘ื•ืื•.
18:14
But they found that -- this is after three and a half hours
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืฉ -- ื–ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ MRI (ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ืช ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช),
18:17
in an fMRI,
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18:19
it's like coming out of a space ship.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื— ืžืกืคื™ื ืช ื—ืœืœ.
18:24
Also, it has been shown in other labs --
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื›ื— ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช --
18:26
for instance, Paul Ekman's labs in Berkeley --
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœ ืืงืžืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจืงืœื™ --
18:30
that some meditators are able, also,
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ืฉื›ืžื” ืžื•ื“ื˜ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื, ื’ื,
18:32
to control their emotional response more than it could be thought.
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ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจื™.
18:36
Like the startle experiments, for example.
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ื›ืžื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ ื”ื”ืคื—ื“ื”, ืœืžืฉืœ.
18:38
If you sit a guy on a chair
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ืื ืžื•ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืกื ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœืš,
18:40
with all this apparatus measuring your physiology,
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18:42
and there's kind of a bomb that goes off,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืคืฆืฆื” ืฉืžืชืคื•ืฆืฆืช, ื–ื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉ,
18:44
it's such an instinctive response that,
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18:47
in 20 years, they never saw anyone who would not jump.
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ื‘-20 ืฉื ื”, ื”ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ื™ืงืคื•ืฅ.
18:51
Some meditators, without trying to stop it,
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ื›ืžื” ืžื•ื“ื˜ื™ื, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ื™ืกื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื–ืืช,
18:54
but simply by being completely open,
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ืืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื• ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
18:56
thinking that that bang is just going to be a small event like a shooting star,
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืจืขืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืจืง ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืง ืืจื•ืข ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืคืœื™ื,
19:02
they are able not to move at all.
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ื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื ืœื–ื•ื– ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
19:04
So the whole point of that is not, sort of, to make, like,
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ืื– ื›ืœ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื, ื›ืื™ืœื•, ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื›ืžื•,
19:08
a circus thing of showing exceptional beings who can jump, or whatever.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืงืจืงืกื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื’ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืคื•ืฅ, ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ.
19:14
It's more to say that mind training matters.
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ-ืžื ืช ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉ. ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช.
19:18
That this is not just a luxury.
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19:21
This is not a supplementary vitamin for the soul.
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ื–ื”ื• ืœื ืชื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ ืœื ืคืฉ;
19:26
This is something that's going to determine
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
19:29
the quality of every instant of our lives.
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19:31
We are ready to spend 15 years achieving education.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– 15 ืฉื ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื›ืœื”.
19:36
We love to do jogging, fitness.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืจื•ืฅ, ื›ื•ืฉืจ.
19:39
We do all kinds of things to remain beautiful.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื™ืคื™ื.
19:43
Yet, we spend surprisingly little time taking care of what matters most --
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ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข ืžืขื˜ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ;
19:50
the way our mind functions --
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ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชืคืงื“.
19:52
which, again, is the ultimate thing
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ืฉื”ื•ื, ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
19:56
that determines the quality of our experience.
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19:58
Now, compassion is supposed to be put in action.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื—ืžืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ืจืชื ืœืคืขื•ืœื”.
20:02
That's what we try to do in different places.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
20:05
Just this one example is worth a lot of work.
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ืจืง ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ืื—ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื”.
20:09
This lady with bone TB, left alone in a tent,
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ืœื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืฉื—ืคืช ืขืฆืžื•ืช, ื”ื•ืฉืืจื” ืœื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ื”ืœ, ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืžื•ืช ืขื ื‘ืชื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”.
20:12
was going to die with her only daughter.
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20:15
One year later, how she is.
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ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื™ื.
20:20
Different schools and clinics we've been doing in Tibet.
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ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืจืคืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ื‘ื˜.
20:26
And just, I leave you with the beauty of those looks
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ื•ืจืง, ืื ื™ ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืชื›ื ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
20:30
that tells more about happiness than I could ever say.
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ืฉืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืฉืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืื™ ืคืขื.
20:34
(Laughter)
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ื•ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื‘ื˜.
20:36
And jumping monks of Tibet.
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20:37
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
20:39
Flying monks.
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ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืขืคื™ื.
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
20:48
Thank you very much.
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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