How free is our freedom of the press? | Trevor Timm

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

So this is James Risen.

Dakle, ovo je Džejms Rajzen.

You may know him as the Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter

Možda ga znate kao novinara, dobitnika Pulicerove nagrade,

for The New York Times.

iz "Njujork Tajmsa".

Long before anybody knew Edward Snowden's name,

Mnogo pre nego što je iko čuo za Edvarda Snoudena,

Risen wrote a book in which he famously exposed

Rajzen je napisao knjigu u kojoj je, kao što znamo, razotkrio

that the NSA was illegally wiretapping the phone calls of Americans.

da je NSA nezakonito prisluškivala telefonske pozive Amerikanaca.

But it's another chapter in that book

No jedno drugo poglavlje iz te knjige

that may have an even more lasting impact.

možda je imalo i trajniji uticaj.

In it, he describes a catastrophic US intelligence operation

U njemu on opisuje katastrofalnu operaciju američkih obaveštajaca

in which the CIA quite literally handed over blueprints

u kojoj je CIA skoro bukvalno predala nacrte

of a nuclear bomb to Iran.

nuklearne bombe Iranu.

If that sounds crazy, go read it.

Ako vam to zvuči blesavo, čitajte o tome.

It's an incredible story.

To je neverovatna priča.

But you know who didn't like that chapter?

Ali znate kome se nije svidelo to poglavlje?

The US government.

Američkoj vladi.

For nearly a decade afterwards,

Skoro deceniju kasnije,

Risen was the subject of a US government investigation

Rajzen je bio predmet istrage američke vlade

in which prosecutors demanded that he testify

u kojoj su tužioci zahtevali od njega da svedoči

against one of his alleged sources.

protiv jednog od njegovih navodnih izvora.

And along the way, he became the face for the US government's recent pattern

A usput je postao oličenje za skorašnji obrazac američke vlade

of prosecuting whistleblowers and spying on journalists.

dok proganja uzbunjivače i špijunira novinare.

You see, under the First Amendment,

Vidite, pod Prvim amandmanom,

the press has the right to publish secret information in the public interest.

štampa ima pravo da objavljuje tajne informacije od javnog značaja.

But it's impossible to exercise that right if the media can't also gather that news

Ali je nemoguće praktikovati to pravo, ako mediji ne mogu i da sakupljaju vesti

and protect the identities of the brave men and women

i da štite identitete hrabrih muškaraca i žena

who get it to them.

koji im ih dostavljaju.

So when the government came knocking,

Pa, kad je vlada zakucala kod njega,

Risen did what many brave reporters have done before him:

Rajzen je uradio isto što i mnogi hrabri novinari pre njega:

he refused

odbio je

and said he'd rather go to jail.

rekavši da će radije otići u zatvor.

So from 2007 to 2015,

Te je od 2007. do 2015.

Risen lived under the specter of going to federal prison.

Rajzen živeo sa sablašću odlaska u federalni zatvor.

That is, until just days before the trial, when a curious thing happened.

To jest sve do samo nekoliko dana pred suđenje, kad se nešto zanimljivo desilo.

Suddenly, after years of claiming it was vital to their case,

Iznenada, nakon godina tvrdnje da je to ključno za njihov slučaj,

the government dropped their demands to Risen altogether.

vlada je odbacila sve zahteve od Rajzena.

It turns out, in the age of electronic surveillance,

Ispostavilo se da u dobu elektronskog nadzora

there are very few places reporters and sources can hide.

ima veoma malo mesta na koja se novinari i izvori mogu sakriti.

And instead of trying and failing to have Risen testify,

I umesto truda i neuspeha da ubede Rajzena da svedoči,

they could have his digital trail testify against him instead.

mogli su da imaju njegov digitalni trag da svedoči protiv njega.

So completely in secret and without his consent,

Pa su u potpunoj tajnosti i bez njegovog pristanka

prosecutors got Risen's phone records.

tužitelji dobili Rajzenov spisak telefonskih poziva.

They got his email records, his financial and banking information,

Dobili su spisak imejlova, njegove finansijske i bankovne informacije

his credit reports,

i kreditne izveštaje,

even travel records with a list of flights he had taken.

čak i izveštaje o putovanjima sa spiskom letova.

And it was among this information that they used to convict Jeffrey Sterling,

I ove informacije su iskoristili da osude Džefrija Sterlinga,

Risen's alleged source and CIA whistleblower.

Rajzenov navodni izvor i CIA-inog uzbunjivača.

Sadly, this is only one case of many.

Nažalost, ovo je samo jedan slučaj od mnogih.

President Obama ran on a promise to protect whistleblowers,

Predsednik Obama je u kampanji obećao da će da zaštiti uzbunjivače,

and instead, his Justice Department has prosecuted more

a umesto toga, njegovo ministarstvo pravde je tužilo više novinara

than all other administrations combined.

od svih prethodnih administracija zajedno.

Now, you can see how this could be a problem,

Sad, vidite kako bi to moglo da bude problem,

especially because the government considers so much of what it does secret.

naročito jer vlada većinu svojih poslova smatra tajnim.

Since 9/11, virtually every important story about national security

Od 11. 9. skoro svaka važna priča o nacionalnoj sgurnosti

has been the result of a whistleblower coming to a journalist.

je bila rezultat prilaska uzbunjivača novinarima.

So we risk seeing the press unable to do their job

Stoga rizikujemo da gledamo štampu nesposobnu da radi posao

that the First Amendment is supposed to protect

koji bi Prvi amandman trebalo da štiti

because of the government's expanded ability to spy on everyone.

zbog vladine sve izraženije sposobnosti da špijunira svakoga.

But just as technology has allowed the government

Ali baš kao što je tehnologija omogućila vladi

to circumvent reporters' rights,

da izigra prava novinara,

the press can also use technology

štampa takođe može da koristi tehnologiju

to protect their sources even better than before.

da zaštiti njihove izvore čak i bolje nego pre.

And they can start from the moment they begin speaking with them,

I mogu da počnu od trenutka kad započnu razgovor s njima,

rather than on the witness stand after the fact.

umesto na klupi za svedoke nakon počinjenog dela.

Communications software now exists

Trenutno postoji komunikacijski softver

that wasn't available when Risen was writing his book,

koj nije bio dostupan dok je Rajzen pisao svoju knjigu

and is much more surveillance-resistant than regular emails or phone calls.

i mnogo je otporniji na nadzor od običnih mejlova i telefonskih poziva.

For example, one such tool is SecureDrop,

Na primer, jedno od tih oruđa je SecureDrop,

an open-source whistleblower submission system

sistem otovorenog koda za podnošenje dokaza uzbunjivača

that was originally created by the late Internet luminary Aaron Swartz,

koji je prvobitno napravio prosvetitelj interneta, pokojni Aron Švorc

and is now developed at the non-profit where I work,

i trenutno ga razvijaju u mojoj neprofitnoj organizaciji,

Freedom of the Press Foundation.

fondaciji Sloboda štampe.

Instead of sending an email,

Umesto slanja imejla,

you go to a news organization's website,

odete na vebsajt publikacije,

like this one here on The Washington Post.

poput ovog ovde, "Vašington posta".

From there, you can upload a document or send information

Odatle možete da učitate dokument ili da pošaljete informaciju

much like you would on any other contact form.

kao što biste u bilo kom obrascu za kontakte.

It'll then be encrypted and stored on a server

Potom to prolazi enkripciju i pohranjuje se na serveru

that only the news organization has access to.

kome jedino ta publikacija ima pristup.

So the government can no longer secretly demand the information,

Tako vlada više ne može da u tajnosti zahteva informacije,

and much of the information they would demand

a većina informacija koje bi zahtevali

wouldn't be available in the first place.

ionako ne bi bila dostupna.

SecureDrop, though, is really only a small part of the puzzle

SecureDrop je ipak zaista samo delić slagalice

for protecting press freedom in the 21st century.

u zaštiti slobode štampe u XXI veku.

Unfortunately, governments all over the world

Nažalost, vlade širom sveta

are constantly developing new spying techniques

stalno razvijaju nove tehnike špijuniranja

that put us all at risk.

koje su rizične za sve nas.

And it's up to us going forward to make sure

A na nama je da se od sad staramo

that it's not just the tech-savvy whistleblowers,

da i uzbunjivači koji nisu tehnički stručnjaci

like Edward Snowden, who have an avenue for exposing wrongdoing.

poput Edvarda Snoudena, imaju pristup razotkrivanju nepočinstava.

It's just as vital that we protect the next veteran's health care whistleblower

Jednako je važno da zaštitimo budućeg uzbunjivača zdravstvene nege veterana

alerting us to overcrowded hospitals,

koji nam skreće pažnju na prenatrpane bolnice;

or the next environmental worker

ili budućeg ekologa

sounding the alarm about Flint's dirty water,

koji glasno upozorava o Flintovim zagađenim vodama;

or a Wall Street insider

ili insajdera sa Vol Strita

warning us of the next financial crisis.

koji nas upozorava na novu finansijsku krizu.

After all, these tools weren't just built to help the brave men and women

Konačno, ova oruđa nisu samo napravljena da zaštite hrabre muškarce i žene

who expose crimes,

koji razotkrivaju zločine,

but are meant to protect all of our rights under the Constitution.

već su i sredstva zaštite svih naših ustavnih prava.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)