How free is our freedom of the press? | Trevor Timm

Translator: Nika Kotnik Reviewer: Matej Divjak

So this is James Risen.

To je James Risen.

Morda ga poznate kot s Pulitzerjem nagrajenega poročevalca za New York Times.

You may know him as the Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter

for The New York Times.

Long before anybody knew Edward Snowden's name,

Preden je kdorkoli poznal Edward Snowdena,

Risen wrote a book in which he famously exposed

je Risen napisal knjigo, v kateri je izpostavil,

that the NSA was illegally wiretapping the phone calls of Americans.

da NSA nelegalno prisluškuje telefonskim klicem Američanov.

But it's another chapter in that book

A v tej knjigi je neko drugo poglavje,

that may have an even more lasting impact.

ki ima morda bolj trajen vpliv.

In it, he describes a catastrophic US intelligence operation

V njej opiše katastrofalno operacijo obveščevalne službe ZDA,

in which the CIA quite literally handed over blueprints

v kateri je CIA dobesedno predala načrte

of a nuclear bomb to Iran.

za atomsko bombo Iranu.

If that sounds crazy, go read it.

Če vam zveni noro, si pojdite prebrat.

It's an incredible story.

Neverjetna zgodba je.

But you know who didn't like that chapter?

A veste, komu to poglavje ni bilo všeč?

The US government.

Vladi ZDA.

For nearly a decade afterwards,

Skoraj desetletje po tem

Risen was the subject of a US government investigation

je bil Risen predmet vladne preiskave ZDA,

v kateri so tožilci zahtevali, da priča

in which prosecutors demanded that he testify

against one of his alleged sources.

proti enemu izmed svojih domnevnih virov.

And along the way, he became the face for the US government's recent pattern

In sčasoma je postal primer tega, kako vlada ZDA danes

of prosecuting whistleblowers and spying on journalists.

kazensko preganja žvižgače in vohuni za novinarji.

You see, under the First Amendment,

Veste, pod Prvim amandmajem

the press has the right to publish secret information in the public interest.

imajo mediji pravico do objave skrivnih informacij, ki so v interesu javnosti.

A nemogoče je to pravico uporabljati, če mediji ne morejo zbirati teh novic

But it's impossible to exercise that right if the media can't also gather that news

and protect the identities of the brave men and women

in zaščititi identitet teh pogumnih moških in žensk,

who get it to them.

ki jim jih prinesejo.

Ko je vlada prišla na njegova vrata,

So when the government came knocking,

je Risen naredil, kar so naredili mnogi pogumni novinarji pred njim:

Risen did what many brave reporters have done before him:

he refused

zavrnil jih je

and said he'd rather go to jail.

in rekel, da gre raje v zapor.

So from 2007 to 2015,

Od leta 2007 do 2015

Risen lived under the specter of going to federal prison.

je Risen živel pod grožnjo, da gre v zvezni zapor.

That is, until just days before the trial, when a curious thing happened.

Dokler se ni nekaj dni pred sojenjem zgodila zanimiva stvar.

Suddenly, after years of claiming it was vital to their case,

Nenadoma, po letih trditev, da je nujno za ta primer,

the government dropped their demands to Risen altogether.

je vlada prenehala s svojimi zahtevami.

It turns out, in the age of electronic surveillance,

Kot se izkaže, je v dobi elektronskega nadzora

there are very few places reporters and sources can hide.

zelo malo krajev, kjer se novinarji in viri lahko skrijejo.

And instead of trying and failing to have Risen testify,

In namesto, da bi poskušali prisiliti Risena, da priča, in pri tem spodleteli,

they could have his digital trail testify against him instead.

je lahko namesto njega pričala njegova digitalna sled.

So completely in secret and without his consent,

Tako so popolnoma na skrivaj in brez njegovega soglasja

tožilci dobili zapiske telefonskih pogovorov.

prosecutors got Risen's phone records.

They got his email records, his financial and banking information,

Dobili so njegovo elektronsko pošto, finančne in bančne izpiske,

his credit reports,

podatke o kreditih,

even travel records with a list of flights he had taken.

celo podatke o potovanjih s seznamom njegovih letov.

And it was among this information that they used to convict Jeffrey Sterling,

In med temi informacijami, ki so jih uporabili za obsodbo Jeffrey Sterlinga,

Risen's alleged source and CIA whistleblower.

je bil Risenov domnevni vir in CIA žvižgač.

Na žalost je to samo en primer izmed mnogih.

Sadly, this is only one case of many.

Predsednik Obama je prelomil obljubo, da bo zaščitil žvižgače,

President Obama ran on a promise to protect whistleblowers,

and instead, his Justice Department has prosecuted more

in namesto tega jih je njegovo Ministrstvo za pravosodje obsodilo več

kot vse ostale administracije skupaj.

than all other administrations combined.

Lahko vidite, zakaj je to problem,

Now, you can see how this could be a problem,

especially because the government considers so much of what it does secret.

še posebej, ker ima vlada toliko svojega delovanja za skrivno.

Since 9/11, virtually every important story about national security

Od 11. septembra je praktično vsaka pomembna zgodba o nacionalni varnosti

has been the result of a whistleblower coming to a journalist.

bila rezultat tega, da je žvižgač prišel do novinarja.

So we risk seeing the press unable to do their job

Zato tvegamo, da novinarji ne bodo mogli opravljati svojega dela,

that the First Amendment is supposed to protect

ki naj bi ga branil prvi amandma,

because of the government's expanded ability to spy on everyone.

zaradi povečane zmožnosti vlade, da vohuni za vsemi.

But just as technology has allowed the government

A kot je tehnologija omogočila vladi,

to circumvent reporters' rights,

da zaobide pravice novinarjev,

the press can also use technology

lahko novinarji uporabijo tehnologijo,

to protect their sources even better than before.

da še bolj kot prej zaščitijo svoje vire.

And they can start from the moment they begin speaking with them,

Lahko začnejo že v trenutku, ko se pogovor začne,

rather than on the witness stand after the fact.

ne pa šele kasneje na prostoru za priče.

Communications software now exists

Sedaj obstajajo programi za komunikacijo,

that wasn't available when Risen was writing his book,

ki niso bili na voljo, ko je Risen pisal svojo knjigo,

and is much more surveillance-resistant than regular emails or phone calls.

in je veliko bolj odporna proti nadzorovanju kot e-pošta ali klici.

For example, one such tool is SecureDrop,

Naprimer, eno izmed teh orodij je SecureDrop,

odprtokodni sistem za žvižgače,

an open-source whistleblower submission system

that was originally created by the late Internet luminary Aaron Swartz,

ki ga je prvotno ustvaril pokojni internetni velikan Aaron Swartz,

and is now developed at the non-profit where I work,

in ga sedaj razvijamo v neprofitni organizaciji, kjer delam,

Freedom of the Press Foundation.

Fundaciji za svobodo tiska.

Instead of sending an email,

Namesto, da bi poslal e-pošto,

you go to a news organization's website,

greš na spletno stran časopisa,

like this one here on The Washington Post.

kot je ta stran Washington Posta.

Od tu lahko naložiš dokument ali pošlješ informacije,

From there, you can upload a document or send information

much like you would on any other contact form.

kot bi jih v kateremkoli kontaktnem obrazcu.

It'll then be encrypted and stored on a server

Potem bo šifrirano in spravljeno na strežnik,

that only the news organization has access to.

do katerega ima dostop samo ta časopis.

So the government can no longer secretly demand the information,

Tako vlada več ne more skrivoma zahtevati informacij

and much of the information they would demand

in veliko informacij, ki bi jih zahtevali,

wouldn't be available in the first place.

sploh ne bi bilo na voljo.

SecureDrop, though, is really only a small part of the puzzle

SecureDrop pa je samo majhen delček mozaika

for protecting press freedom in the 21st century.

za varovanje svobode tiska v 21. stoletju.

Na žalost vlade po vsem svetu

Unfortunately, governments all over the world

are constantly developing new spying techniques

neprestano razvijajo nove metode vohunjenja,

that put us all at risk.

ki spravljajo vse v nevarnost.

In na nas je, da zagotovimo,

And it's up to us going forward to make sure

that it's not just the tech-savvy whistleblowers,

da niso samo tehnološko spretni žvižgači,

like Edward Snowden, who have an avenue for exposing wrongdoing.

kot je Edward Snowden, tisti, ki imajo možnost razkriti zločine.

It's just as vital that we protect the next veteran's health care whistleblower

Prav tako pomembno je, da zaščitimo žvižgača o oskrbi veteranov,

ki opozarja na prepolne bolnišnice,

alerting us to overcrowded hospitals,

or the next environmental worker

ali naslednjega okoljskega delavca,

sounding the alarm about Flint's dirty water,

ki opozori na umazano vodo v Flintu,

ali insajderja z Wall Streeta,

or a Wall Street insider

warning us of the next financial crisis.

ki nas opozarja na naslednjo finančno krizo.

After all, these tools weren't just built to help the brave men and women

Ker ta orodja niso bila zgrajena samo zato, da pomagajo pogumnim ljudem,

ki odkrivajo zločine,

who expose crimes,

but are meant to protect all of our rights under the Constitution.

ampak so tu, da zaščitijo pravice vseh nas pod Ustavo.

Thank you.

Hvala

(Applause)

(Aplavz)