How free is our freedom of the press? | Trevor Timm

119,683 views ・ 2016-06-14

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Seon-Gyu Choi κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
So this is James Risen.
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이 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ œμž„μŠ€ 라이즌 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
You may know him as the Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λ‰΄μš• νƒ€μž„μ¦ˆμ˜ ν“°λ¦¬μ²˜μƒ μˆ˜μƒμžλ‘œ μ•Œκ³  계싀 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
for The New York Times.
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00:19
Long before anybody knew Edward Snowden's name,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ—λ“œμ›Œλ“œ μŠ€λ…Έμš°λ΄μ˜ 이름을 μ•ŒκΈ° 전에
00:22
Risen wrote a book in which he famously exposed
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라이즌이 μ“΄ 책은 NSAκ°€ λΆˆλ²•μœΌλ‘œ λ―Έκ΅­ ꡭ민을
00:25
that the NSA was illegally wiretapping the phone calls of Americans.
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도청을 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 ν­λ‘œν•΄ 유λͺ…μ„Έλ₯Ό νƒ”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
But it's another chapter in that book
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 μ±…μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μž₯에
00:31
that may have an even more lasting impact.
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더 좩격적인 λ‚΄μš©μ΄ μ‹€λ € μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
In it, he describes a catastrophic US intelligence operation
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μ±…μ—λŠ” κ·Έκ°€ μ΅œμ•…μ˜ λ―Έ μ •λΆ€ 첩보 ν™œλ™μœΌλ‘œ ν‘œν˜„ν•œ
00:39
in which the CIA quite literally handed over blueprints
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CIAκ°€ μ΄λž€μ— ν•΅ 폭탄 섀계도λ₯Ό
00:42
of a nuclear bomb to Iran.
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μ „λ‹¬ν•œ 이야기가 μ–ΈκΈ‰λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
If that sounds crazy, go read it.
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ν—›μ†Œλ¦¬μ²˜λŸΌ λ“€λ¦°λ‹€λ©΄ κ°€μ„œ μ½μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:46
It's an incredible story.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 이야기 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
But you know who didn't like that chapter?
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λˆ„κ°€ 이 이야기λ₯Ό μ‹«μ–΄ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•„μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:50
The US government.
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ •λΆ€κ°€ μ‹«μ–΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
For nearly a decade afterwards,
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좜판 ν›„ 10λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
00:54
Risen was the subject of a US government investigation
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λΌμ΄μ¦Œμ€ λ―Έ μ •λΆ€ μ‘°μ‚¬λŒ€μƒμ— 올라
00:58
in which prosecutors demanded that he testify
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검사듀이 κ·Έμ—κ²Œ 정보 좜처λ₯Ό
01:00
against one of his alleged sources.
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μ¦μ–Έν•˜λΌκ³  μš”κ΅¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
And along the way, he became the face for the US government's recent pattern
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ©΄μ„œ λ™μ‹œμ— κ·ΈλŠ” λ―Έ μ •λΆ€μ˜
01:06
of prosecuting whistleblowers and spying on journalists.
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λ‚΄λΆ€ κ³ λ°œμžλ“€κ³Ό κΈ°μžλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ°μ‹œμ˜ λŒ€λͺ…사가 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
You see, under the First Amendment,
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λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ λ―Έ μˆ˜μ • ν—Œλ²• 제 1쑰에
01:12
the press has the right to publish secret information in the public interest.
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언둠은 λŒ€μ€‘μ„ μœ„ν•΄ λΉ„λ°€ 정보λ₯Ό κ³΅κ°œν•  κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
But it's impossible to exercise that right if the media can't also gather that news
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 언둠이 μ†Œμ‹μ„ μ ‘ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³ 
01:21
and protect the identities of the brave men and women
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비밀을 λ°νžˆλŠ” μš©κ°ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 신원을 보μž₯ν•΄ 주지 λͺ»ν•˜λ©΄
01:24
who get it to them.
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이 ꢌ리λ₯Ό ν–‰ν•  μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
So when the government came knocking,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ •λΆ€ 쑰사λ₯Ό 받을 λ•Œ
01:28
Risen did what many brave reporters have done before him:
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λΌμ΄μ¦Œμ€ λ§Žμ€ μš©κ°ν•œ κΈ°μžλ“€μ²˜λŸΌ
01:31
he refused
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신원 곡개λ₯Ό κ±°λΆ€ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
and said he'd rather go to jail.
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그리고 차라리 감μ˜₯에 κ°€κ² λ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
So from 2007 to 2015,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 2007λ…„μ—μ„œ 2015λ…„κΉŒμ§€
01:37
Risen lived under the specter of going to federal prison.
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λΌμ΄μ¦Œμ€ μ •λΆ€κ°€ κ΅¬μ†ν•˜κ² λ‹€λŠ” ν˜‘λ°•μ„ λ°›μœΌλ©° μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
That is, until just days before the trial, when a curious thing happened.
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그런데 법정에 μ„œκΈ° λ°”λ‘œ ν•˜λ£¨ 전에 ν₯미둜운 일이 μƒκ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
Suddenly, after years of claiming it was vital to their case,
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κ°‘μžκΈ° μˆ˜λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 그의 증언이 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λ˜
01:49
the government dropped their demands to Risen altogether.
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ λΌμ΄μ¦Œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ†Œμ†‘μ„ μ·¨ν•˜ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
It turns out, in the age of electronic surveillance,
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μ „μžκ°μ‹œλ₯Ό λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λŠ”
01:55
there are very few places reporters and sources can hide.
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κΈ°μžλ“€μ΄ 정보λ₯Ό 숨길 곳이 λ§ˆλ•…μΉ˜κ°€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
And instead of trying and failing to have Risen testify,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ •λΆ€λŠ” 라이즌의 증언을 μ–»μœΌλ €λ‹€ μ‹€νŒ¨ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ 
02:02
they could have his digital trail testify against him instead.
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그의 디지털 μ •λ³΄λ‘œ 증언을 λŒ€μ‹ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
So completely in secret and without his consent,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ²Œ λΉ„λ°€λ‘œ 그의 ν—ˆλ½λ„ 없이
02:09
prosecutors got Risen's phone records.
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검사듀은 라이즌의 톡화 기둝을 ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
They got his email records, his financial and banking information,
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그의 이메일 기둝과 톡μž₯기둝과
02:16
his credit reports,
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μ‹ μš©μ •λ³΄λ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
even travel records with a list of flights he had taken.
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심지어 여행기둝도 확인해 타고 λ‹€λ‹Œ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ° 기둝도 ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
And it was among this information that they used to convict Jeffrey Sterling,
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이 정보λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ œν”„λ¦¬ μŠ€ν„Έλ§μ„ κ΅¬μ†ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
Risen's alleged source and CIA whistleblower.
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라이즌의 μ •λ³΄μ›μ΄μž CIA λ‚΄λΆ€ κ³ λ°œμ›μœΌλ‘œ 말이죠.
02:30
Sadly, this is only one case of many.
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μŠ¬ν”„κ²Œλ„ 이런 사건은 많이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
President Obama ran on a promise to protect whistleblowers,
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μ˜€λ°”λ§ˆ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ€ 이런 λ‚΄λΆ€ 고발자λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 계속 μ•½μ†ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
and instead, his Justice Department has prosecuted more
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그리고 λŒ€μ‹ μ— 그의 λ²•λ¬΄λΆ€λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ •λΆ€ 기관을 λ‹€ ν•©μΉœ 것보닀
02:40
than all other administrations combined.
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더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ κΈ°μ†Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
Now, you can see how this could be a problem,
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이제 이게 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ˜λŠ”μ§€ 보이싀 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
especially because the government considers so much of what it does secret.
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특히 μ •λΆ€κ°€ 비밀리에 ν•˜λŠ” 일을 κ³ λ €ν•΄ 보면 말이죠.
02:50
Since 9/11, virtually every important story about national security
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9/11 ν…ŒλŸ¬ 이후, κ΅­κ°€ μ•ˆλ³΄ κ΄€λ ¨ 거의 λͺ¨λ“  μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ •λ³΄λŠ”
02:55
has been the result of a whistleblower coming to a journalist.
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λ‚΄λΆ€ κ³ λ°œμžλ“€μ„ 톡해 언둠에 μ•Œλ € μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
So we risk seeing the press unable to do their job
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 언둠은 μˆ˜μ • ν—Œλ²• 1쑰에 λͺ…μ‹œλœ
03:01
that the First Amendment is supposed to protect
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μ—­ν™œμ„ ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” μœ„ν—˜μ— μ²˜ν•˜κ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€..
03:03
because of the government's expanded ability to spy on everyone.
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ κ°μ‹œν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯이 λ°œμ „ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
03:07
But just as technology has allowed the government
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 기술의 λ°œμ „μ΄ μ •λΆ€κ°€
03:09
to circumvent reporters' rights,
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κΈ°μžλ“€μ˜ ꢌ리λ₯Ό μ œν•œν•œ 만큼
03:12
the press can also use technology
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κΈ°μžλ“€λ„ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ΄μš©ν•΄
03:14
to protect their sources even better than before.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ •λ³΄μ²˜λ₯Ό 더 μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ λ³΄ν˜Έν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
And they can start from the moment they begin speaking with them,
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그리고 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κ³  증인석에 μ„œλŠ” λŒ€μ‹ 
03:20
rather than on the witness stand after the fact.
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정보원과 이야기 λ‚˜λˆ„λŠ” μˆœκ°„λΆ€ν„° 말이죠.
03:24
Communications software now exists
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라이즌이 책을 μ“΄ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λŠ” μ—†λ˜
03:26
that wasn't available when Risen was writing his book,
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μ§€κΈˆ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 톡신 μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄λŠ”
03:28
and is much more surveillance-resistant than regular emails or phone calls.
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일반적인 μ΄λ©”μΌμ΄λ‚˜ 전화톡화보닀 훨씬 κ°μ‹œλ§μ„ 잘 ν”Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
For example, one such tool is SecureDrop,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ 'SecureDrop'을 μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
03:38
an open-source whistleblower submission system
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이것은 κ°œλ°©ν˜• λ‚΄λΆ€ 고발자 정보 제좜 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
that was originally created by the late Internet luminary Aaron Swartz,
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이것은 고인이 된 인터넷 μ „λ¬Έκ°€ μ•„λ‘  μŠˆμ›ŒμΈ κ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκ³ 
03:44
and is now developed at the non-profit where I work,
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그리고 μ§€κΈˆμ€ μ œκ°€ 일 ν•˜λŠ” λΉ„μ˜λ¦¬ μž¬λ‹¨
03:47
Freedom of the Press Foundation.
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μ–Έλ‘  자유 μž¬λ‹¨μ—μ„œ κ°œλ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
Instead of sending an email,
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이메일을 λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ μ—
03:51
you go to a news organization's website,
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언둠사 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμ— κ°€μ„œ
03:53
like this one here on The Washington Post.
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μ—¬κΈ° μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄ 포슀트 같이 말이죠.
03:56
From there, you can upload a document or send information
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λ¬Έμ„œλ‚˜ 정보λ₯Ό
03:59
much like you would on any other contact form.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μˆ˜λ‹¨λ“€κ³Ό λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ 올릴 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
It'll then be encrypted and stored on a server
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이 μ •λ³΄λŠ” μ•”ν˜Έν™” λ˜μ–΄ μ„œλ²„μ— μ €μž₯되고
04:05
that only the news organization has access to.
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μ–Έλ‘ μ‚¬λ§Œμ΄ 이 정보에 μ ‘κ·Ό ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
So the government can no longer secretly demand the information,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ •λΆ€κ°€ 더 이상 정보 좜처λ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
04:11
and much of the information they would demand
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μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 정보가
04:13
wouldn't be available in the first place.
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μ• μ΄ˆμ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ 말이죠.
04:16
SecureDrop, though, is really only a small part of the puzzle
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SecureDrop은 21μ„ΈκΈ° μ–Έλ‘ μ˜ 자유λ₯Ό
04:19
for protecting press freedom in the 21st century.
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λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μž‘μ€ 뢀뢄에 μ§€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
Unfortunately, governments all over the world
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μ•ˆνƒ€κΉκ²Œλ„ μ „ 세계 정뢀듀은
04:25
are constantly developing new spying techniques
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ°μ‹œ κΈ°μˆ μ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³ 
04:27
that put us all at risk.
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저희λ₯Ό μœ„ν—˜μ— 빠트리고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
And it's up to us going forward to make sure
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그리고 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ κ°œμ„ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ 
04:32
that it's not just the tech-savvy whistleblowers,
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이것을 μ΅œμ‹  κΈ°μˆ μ— λŠ₯ν†΅ν•œ λ‚΄λΆ€κ³ λ°œμžλ“€λ§Œμ΄
04:35
like Edward Snowden, who have an avenue for exposing wrongdoing.
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즉, μ—λ“œμ›Œλ“œ μŠ€λ…Έμš°λ΄ 같은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ§Œ 잘λͺ»μ„ κ³ λ°œν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
It's just as vital that we protect the next veteran's health care whistleblower
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이것은 μ°Έμ „μš©μ‚¬λ“€μ˜ μ˜λ£Œμ— κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄
04:44
alerting us to overcrowded hospitals,
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κ³Όλ°€ν•œ μ˜λ£Œμ‹œμ„€μ„ κ³ λ°œν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” 만큼
04:47
or the next environmental worker
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ν™˜κ²½ κ΄€λ ¨ λ…Έλ™μžμ˜
04:49
sounding the alarm about Flint's dirty water,
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ν”Œλ¦°νŠΈμ‹œ(εΈ‚)의 κ³΅μ—…νμˆ˜λ₯Ό κ³ λ°œν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” 만큼
04:53
or a Wall Street insider
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금육 μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό κ³ λ°œν•˜λŠ” μ›”μŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬μŠ€ λ‚΄λΆ€μžλ₯Ό
04:54
warning us of the next financial crisis.
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λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒ 만큼 μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
After all, these tools weren't just built to help the brave men and women
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κ²°κ΅­ 이런 도ꡬ듀은 범죄λ₯Ό μ•Œλ¦°
05:02
who expose crimes,
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μš©κ°ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 지킀기 μœ„ν•œ 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
05:03
but are meant to protect all of our rights under the Constitution.
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ν—Œλ²•μ΄ 보μž₯ν•˜λŠ” 우리의 ꢌ리λ₯Ό 지킀기 μœ„ν•œ 것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:07
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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