How free is our freedom of the press? | Trevor Timm

Prevoditelj: Sanda L Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

So this is James Risen.

Ovo je James Risen.

You may know him as the Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter

Možda ga znate kao novinara, dobitnika Pulitzerove nagrade

for The New York Times.

iz The New York Timesa.

Long before anybody knew Edward Snowden's name,

Mnogo prije nego što je itko čuo za Edward Snowden,

Risen wrote a book in which he famously exposed

Risen je napisao knjigu u kojoj je razotkrio

that the NSA was illegally wiretapping the phone calls of Americans.

da je NSA nezakonito prisluškivala telefonske pozive Amerikanaca.

But it's another chapter in that book

No, jedno drugo poglavlje te knjige

that may have an even more lasting impact.

možda ima još trajniji utjecaj.

In it, he describes a catastrophic US intelligence operation

U njemu on opisuje katastrofalnu operaciju američkih obavještajaca,

in which the CIA quite literally handed over blueprints

u kojoj je CIA skoro doslovno predala nacrte

of a nuclear bomb to Iran.

nuklearne bombe Iranu.

If that sounds crazy, go read it.

Ako vam to zvuči blesavo, pročitajte.

It's an incredible story.

To je nevjerojatna priča.

But you know who didn't like that chapter?

Znate li kome se nije svidjelo to poglavlje?

The US government.

Američkoj vladi.

For nearly a decade afterwards,

Gotovo desetljeće kasnije,

Risen was the subject of a US government investigation

Risen je bio predmet istrage američke vlade,

in which prosecutors demanded that he testify

u kojoj su tužitelji zahtijevali da on svjedoči

against one of his alleged sources.

protiv jednog od njegovih navodnih izvora.

And along the way, he became the face for the US government's recent pattern

S vremenom, postao je primjer obrasca američke vlade

of prosecuting whistleblowers and spying on journalists.

za progon "zviždača" i špijuniranje novinara.

You see, under the First Amendment,

Vidite, pod Prvim amandmanom,

the press has the right to publish secret information in the public interest.

tisak ima pravo objavljivanja tajnih informacije od javnog značaja.

But it's impossible to exercise that right if the media can't also gather that news

No, nemoguće je koristiti to pravo ako mediji ne mogu i prikupiti te vijesti

and protect the identities of the brave men and women

te zaštititi identitete tih hrabrih muškaraca i žena

who get it to them.

koji im ih dostavljaju.

So when the government came knocking,

I kada mu je Vlada zakucala na vrata,

Risen did what many brave reporters have done before him:

Risen je učinio isto što i mnogi hrabri novinari prije njega:

he refused

odbio je

and said he'd rather go to jail.

i rekao da će radije ići u zatvor.

So from 2007 to 2015,

I tako je od 2007. do 2015. godine

Risen lived under the specter of going to federal prison.

Risen živio sa sablašću odlaska u federalni zatvor.

That is, until just days before the trial, when a curious thing happened.

Odnosno, sve do samo nekoliko dana pred suđenje, kad se nešto zanimljivo dogodilo.

Suddenly, after years of claiming it was vital to their case,

Iznenada, nakon godina tvrdnje da je to ključno za njihov slučaj,

the government dropped their demands to Risen altogether.

vlada je odbacila sve zahtjeve za Risena.

It turns out, in the age of electronic surveillance,

Ispostavilo se da je u doba elektronskog nadzora,

there are very few places reporters and sources can hide.

vrlo malo mjesta na koja se novinari i izvori mogu sakriti.

And instead of trying and failing to have Risen testify,

I umjesto truda i neuspjeha oko Risenovog svjedočenja,

they could have his digital trail testify against him instead.

mogli su uzeti njegov digitalni trag da svjedoči protiv njega.

So completely in secret and without his consent,

Stoga su u potpunoj tajnosti i bez njegovog pristanka,

prosecutors got Risen's phone records.

tužitelji dobili Risenov popis telefonskih poziva.

They got his email records, his financial and banking information,

Dobili su spisak e-mailova, njegove financijske i bankovne informacije,

his credit reports,

kreditna izvješća,

even travel records with a list of flights he had taken.

čak i izvještaje o putovanjima s popisom letova.

And it was among this information that they used to convict Jeffrey Sterling,

I ove informacije su iskoristili da osude Jeffreya Sterlinga,

Risen's alleged source and CIA whistleblower.

Risenov navodni izvor i CIA-inog "zviždača".

Sadly, this is only one case of many.

Nažalost, ovo je samo jedan slučaj od mnogih.

President Obama ran on a promise to protect whistleblowers,

Predsjednik Obama je u kampanji obećao da će štititi "zviždače",

and instead, his Justice Department has prosecuted more

a umjesto toga, njegovo Ministarstvo pravosuđa progonilo je više novinara

than all other administrations combined.

od svih prethodnih administracija zajedno.

Now, you can see how this could be a problem,

Vidite kako bi to mogao biti problem,

especially because the government considers so much of what it does secret.

naročito zato jer vlada većinu svojih poslova smatra tajnim.

Since 9/11, virtually every important story about national security

Od 11. rujna, skoro svaka važna priča o nacionalnoj sigurnosti

has been the result of a whistleblower coming to a journalist.

bila je rezultat prilaska "zviždača" novinarima.

So we risk seeing the press unable to do their job

Tako ćemo možda vidjeti medije koji ne mogu raditi svoj posao,

that the First Amendment is supposed to protect

a koje bi Prvi amandman trebao štititi,

because of the government's expanded ability to spy on everyone.

zbog vladine sve izraženije sposobnosti da špijunira svakoga.

But just as technology has allowed the government

No, baš kao što je tehnologija omogućila vladi

to circumvent reporters' rights,

da izigra prava novinara,

the press can also use technology

novinari također mogu koristiti tehnologiju

to protect their sources even better than before.

za zaštitu svojih izvora, čak bolje nego prije.

And they can start from the moment they begin speaking with them,

Mogu početi od trenutka kada su krenuli razgovarati s njima,

rather than on the witness stand after the fact.

umjesto na klupi za svjedoke nakon počinjenog djela.

Communications software now exists

Danas postoji komunikacijski softver

that wasn't available when Risen was writing his book,

koji nije bio dostupan dok je Risen pisao knjigu,

and is much more surveillance-resistant than regular emails or phone calls.

i mnogo je otporniji na nadzor od običnih e-mailova i telefonskih poziva.

For example, one such tool is SecureDrop,

Na primjer, jedno takvo oruđe je SecureDrop,

an open-source whistleblower submission system

open-source sustav za podnošenje dokaza "zviždača",

that was originally created by the late Internet luminary Aaron Swartz,

kojeg je prvobitno kreirao prosvjetitelj interneta, Aaron Swartz,

and is now developed at the non-profit where I work,

a trenutno ga razvijaju u mojoj neprofitnoj organizaciji,

Freedom of the Press Foundation.

zakladi Freedom of the Press.

Instead of sending an email,

Umesto slanja e-maila,

you go to a news organization's website,

odete na stranicu organizacije,

like this one here on The Washington Post.

poput ove The Washington Posta.

From there, you can upload a document or send information

Otuda možete poslati dokument ili informaciju,

much like you would on any other contact form.

kao što biste u bilo kojem obrascu za kontakte.

It'll then be encrypted and stored on a server

Zatim to prolazi enkripciju i pohranjuje se na server

that only the news organization has access to.

kojem ima pristup samo ta organizacija.

So the government can no longer secretly demand the information,

Tako vlada više ne može u tajnosti zahtijevati informacije,

and much of the information they would demand

a većina informacija koje bi zahtijevali

wouldn't be available in the first place.

ionako ne bi bilo dostupno.

SecureDrop, though, is really only a small part of the puzzle

SecureDrop je, ipak, zaista samo djelić slagalice

for protecting press freedom in the 21st century.

u zaštiti slobode tiska u 21. stoljeću.

Unfortunately, governments all over the world

Nažalost, vlade širom svijeta

are constantly developing new spying techniques

stalno razvijaju nove tehnike špijuniranja

that put us all at risk.

koje su rizične za sve nas.

And it's up to us going forward to make sure

A na nama je da se nadalje pobrinemo

that it's not just the tech-savvy whistleblowers,

da to nisu samo tehnološki potkovani "zviždači"

like Edward Snowden, who have an avenue for exposing wrongdoing.

poput Edwarda Snowdena, koji imaju puteve razotkrivanja nepravde.

It's just as vital that we protect the next veteran's health care whistleblower

Jednako je važno da zaštitimo sljedećeg "zviždača" o zdravstvenoj njezi veterana,

alerting us to overcrowded hospitals,

koji nas upozorava na prenatrpane bolnice,

or the next environmental worker

ili sljedećeg ekologa,

sounding the alarm about Flint's dirty water,

koji glasno upozorava o Flintovim zagađenim vodama,

or a Wall Street insider

ili insajdera s Wall Streeta,

warning us of the next financial crisis.

koji nas upozorava na novu financijsku krizu.

After all, these tools weren't just built to help the brave men and women

Na kraju, ova oruđa nisu samo napravljena da zaštite hrabre muškarce i žene

who expose crimes,

koji razotkrivaju zločine,

but are meant to protect all of our rights under the Constitution.

već su i sredstva zaštite svih naših ustavnih prava.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)