Can you really tell if a kid is lying? | Kang Lee

Translator: Qemal Halili Reviewer: Helena Bedalli

Hi.

Pershendetje.

Let me ask the audience a question:

Me lejoni t'i bej nje pyetje audiences:

Did you ever lie as a child?

Keni genjyer ndonjehere kur ishit femije?

If you did, could you please raise your hand?

Nese po, a mund ta ngrini doren ju lutem?

Wow! This is the most honest group of people I've ever met.

Uau! Ky eshte grupi me i ndershem i njerezve qe kam takuar ndonjehere.

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

So for the last 20 years,

Pra per 20 vitet e fundit

I've been studying how children learn to tell lies.

kam studiuar si mesojne femijet te genjejne

And today, I'm going to share with you

Dhe sot, do te ndaj me ju

some of the discoveries we have made.

disa nga zbulimet qe kemi bere.

But to begin, I'm going to tell you a story from Mr. Richard Messina,

Po si fillim, do t'ju tregoj nje histori nga Z. Richard Messina,

who is my friend and an elementary school principal.

i cili eshte miku im dhe drejtor i nje shkolle fillore.

He got a phone call one day.

Nje dite mori nje telefonate.

The caller says,

Telefonuesi tha,

"Mr. Messina, my son Johnny will not come to school today

"Z. Messina, djali im Johnny nuk do te vije ne shkolle sot

because he's sick."

sepse eshte semure."

Mr. Messina asks,

Z. Messina pyeti,

"Who am I speaking to, please?"

"Me ke po flas ju lutem?"

And the caller says,

Dhe telefonuesi tha,

"I am my father."

"Une jam babai im."

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

So this story --

Keshtu kjo histori--

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

sums up very nicely three common beliefs we have

permbledh shume mire tre gjera qe besojme

about children and lying.

per femijet dhe te genjyerit.

One, children only come to tell lies

Nje, femijet thone genjeshtra

after entering elementary school.

vetem pasi futen ne shkolle fillore.

Two, children are poor liars.

Dy, femijet nuk dine te genjejne.

We adults can easily detect their lies.

Ne te rriturit mund ti dallojme lehte genjeshtrat e tyre.

And three, if children lie at a very young age,

Dhe tre, nese femijet genjejne ne nje moshe shume te vogel,

there must be some character flaws with them,

duhet te kete te meta ne karakterin e tyre,

and they are going to become pathological liars for life.

dhe ata do te behen genjeshtare patologjike per gjithe jeten.

Well, it turns out

Mire, ne fakt del se

all of the three beliefs are wrong.

te tre gjerat qe besojme jane te gabuara.

We have been playing guessing games

Kemi luajtur lojra me te gjetur

with children all over the world.

me femijet ne te gjithe boten.

Here is an example.

Ja nje shembull.

So in this game, we asked children to guess the numbers on the cards.

Ne kete loje, i kerkuam femijeve te gjejne numrat ne letra.

And we tell them if they win the game,

Dhe i themi nese ata fitojne lojen,

they are going to get a big prize.

do te fitojne nje cmim te madh.

But in the middle of the game,

Por ne mes te lojes,

we make an excuse and leave the room.

gjejme nje justifikim dhe largohemi nga dhoma.

And before we leave the room,

Dhe para se te largohemi nga dhoma,

we tell them not to peek at the cards.

i themi qe te mos i shikojne letrat.

Of course,

Sigurisht,

we have hidden cameras in the room

kemi kamera te fshehta ne dhome

to watch their every move.

per te pare cdo levizje te tyre.

Because the desire to win the game is so strong,

Ngaqe deshira per te fituar lojen eshte shume e forte,

more than 90 percent of children will peek

me shume se 90 perqind e femijeve do ti shohin letrat

as soon as we leave the room.

sapo te dalim nga dhoma.

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

The crucial question is:

Pyetja kyc eshte:

When we return and ask the children

Kur te kthehemi dhe te pyesim femijet

whether or not they have peeked,

nese kane pare apo jo,

will the children who peeked confess

a do te rrefejne femijet qe kane pare

or lie about their transgression?

apo do te genjejne per shkeljen?

We found that regardless of gender, country, religion,

Gjetem qe pavaresisht gjinise, vendit, fese,

at two years of age,

ne moshen dy vjecare,

30 percent lie,

30 perqind genjejne,

70 percent tell the truth about their transgression.

70 perqind thone te verteten per shkeljen.

At three years of age,

Ne moshen tre vjecare,

50 percent lie and 50 percent tell the truth.

50 perqind genjejne dhe 50 perqind thone te verteten.

At four years of age,

Ne moshen kater vjecare,

more than 80 percent lie.

me shume se 80 perqind genjejne.

And after four years of age,

Dhe pas moshes kater vjecare,

most children lie.

shumica e femijeve genjejne.

So as you can see,

Pra sic e shihni,

lying is really a typical part of development.

te genjyerit eshte nje pjese tipike e zhvillimit.

And some children begin to tell lies

Dhe disa femije fillojne te thone genjeshtra

as young as two years of age.

qe kur jane dy vjec.

So now, let's take a closer look at the younger children.

Pra tani, te shikojme me nga afer femijet e vegjel.

Why do some but not all young children lie?

Pse disa por jo te gjithe femijet e vegjel genjejne?

In cooking, you need good ingredients

Ne gatim, duhet perberes te mire

to cook good food.

per te gatuar ushqim te mire.

And good lying requires two key ingredients.

Dhe te genjyerit si duhet kerkon dy perberes kyc.

The first key ingredient is theory of mind,

Elementi i pare kyc eshte teoria e mendjes,

or the mind-reading ability.

ose aftesia e te lexuarit e mendjes.

Mind reading is the ability to know

Te lexuarit e mendjes eshte aftesia per te ditur

that different people have different knowledge about the situation

qe njerez te ndryshem kane njohuri te ndryshme per situaten

and the ability to differentiate between what I know

dhe aftesia per te dalluar midis cfare di une

and what you know.

dhe cfare di ti.

Mind reading is important for lying

Leximi i mendjes eshte i rendesishem per te genjyerin

because the basis of lying is that I know

sepse parimi baze i te genjyerit eshte qe une di

you don't know

qe ti nuk e di

what I know.

cfare di une.

Therefore, I can lie to you.

Keshtu qe, une mund te te genjej.

The second key ingredient for good lying is self-control.

Perberesi i dyte kyc per te genjyerin si duhet eshte vetkontrolli.

It is the ability to control your speech, your facial expression

Eshte aftesia per te kontrolluar te folurin, mimiken

and your body language,

dhe gjuhen e trupit,

so that you can tell a convincing lie.

keshtu qe mund te thuash nje genjeshter bindese.

And we found that those young children

Dhe kemi gjetur qe ata femije te vegjel

who have more advanced mind-reading and self-control abilities

qe kane aftesi me te perparaura te leximit te mendjes dhe vetkontrollit

tell lies earlier

thone me heret genjeshtra

and are more sophisticated liars.

dhe jane genjeshtare me te sofistikuar.

As it turns out, these two abilities are also essential for all of us

Sic doli, keto dy aftesi jane gjithashtu thelbesore per te gjithe ne

to function well in our society.

per te funksionuar mire ne shoqerine tone.

In fact, deficits in mind-reading and self-control abilities

Ne fakt, mangesite ne aftesite e leximit te mendjes dhe vetkontrollit

are associated with serious developmental problems,

lidhen me probleme serioze te zhvillimit,

such as ADHD and autism.

si ADHD dhe autizmi.

So if you discover your two-year-old is telling his or her first lie,

Pra nese zbuloni femijen tuaj dy vjecar qe po thote genjeshten e tij/saj te pare,

instead of being alarmed,

ne vend qe te alarmoheni

you should celebrate --

duhet te festoni--

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

because it signals that your child has arrived at a new milestone

sepse sinjalizon qe femija juaj ka arritur ne nje etape te re

of typical development.

te zhvillimit tipik.

Now, are children poor liars?

Tani, a jane femijet genjeshtare te pazot?

Do you think you can easily detect their lies?

A mendoni se mund ti dalloni genjeshtrat e tyre lehte?

Would you like to give it a try?

Deshironi ta provoni njehere?

Yes? OK.

Po? Ne rregull.

So I'm going to show you two videos.

Do t'ju tregoj dy video.

In the videos,

Ne keto video,

the children are going to respond to a researcher's question,

femijet do t'i pergjigjen pyetjes se nje kerkuesi,

"Did you peek?"

"A e pe letren?"

So try to tell me

Keshtu perpiquni te me thoni

which child is lying

cili femije po genjen

and which child is telling the truth.

dhe cili po thote te verteten.

Here's child number one.

ja femija numer nje.

Are you ready?

Jeni gati?

(Video) Adult: Did you peek? Child: No.

(Video) I rrituri: A e pe letren? Femija: Jo.

Kang Lee: And this is child number two.

Kang Lee: Dhe ky eshte femija numer dy.

(Video) Adult: Did you peek? Child: No.

(Video) I rrituri: A e pe letren? Femija: Jo.

KL: OK, if you think child number one is lying,

KL: Ne rregull, nese mendoni qe femija numer nje po genjen,

please raise your hand.

ju lutem ngrini doren.

And if you think child number two is lying, please raise your hand.

Dhe nese mendoni qe femija numer dy po genjen, ju lutem ngrini doren.

OK, so as a matter of fact,

Ne rregull, pra ne fakt,

child number one is telling the truth,

femija numer nje po thote te verteten,

child number two is lying.

femija numer dy po genjen.

Looks like many of you are terrible detectors of children's lies.

Duket qe shume nga ju jane dallues jo te mire te genjeshtrave te femijeve.

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

Now, we have played similar kinds of games

Kemi luajtur lloje te ngjashme lojrash

with many, many adults from all walks of life.

me shume, shume te rritur nga te gjithe drejtimet e jetes.

And we show them many videos.

Dhe i kemi treguar shume video.

In half of the videos, the children lied.

Ne gjysmen e videove femijet genjenin.

In the other half of the videos, the children told the truth.

Ne gjysmen tjeter te videove femijet thonin te verteten.

And let's find out how these adults performed.

Le te zbulojme si kane dale keta te rritur.

Because there are as many liars as truth tellers,

Meqe ka po aq genjeshtare sa dhe tregues te se vertetes,

if you guess randomly,

nese e hamendesoni rastesisht,

there's a 50 percent chance you're going to get it right.

ka 50 perqind shanse qe ta gjeni sakte.

So if your accuracy is around 50 percent,

Pra nese saktesia juaj eshte rreth 50 perqind,

it means you are a terrible detector of children's lies.

do te thote qe jeni dallues te keqij te genjeshtrave te femijeve.

So let's start with undergrads and law school students,

Le te nisimin me te diplomuarit dhe studentet e jurisprudencens,

who typically have limited experience with children.

qe zakonisht kane eksperieca te kufizuara me femijet.

No, they cannot detect children's lies.

Jo, nuk mund ti dallojne genjeshtrat e femijeve.

Their performance is around chance.

Performanca e tyre eshte rreth shansit.

Now how about social workers and child-protection lawyers,

Po punonjesit sociale dhe juristet qe mbrojne femijet,

who work with children on a daily basis?

te cilet punojne me femijet dite per dite?

Can they detect children's lies?

A mund t'i dallojne genjeshtrat e femijeve?

No, they cannot.

Jo, nuk munden.

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

What about judges,

Po gjykatesit,

customs officers

oficeret doganore

and police officers,

dhe oficeret e policise

who deal with liars on a daily basis?

qe merren me genjeshtare cdo dite?

Can they detect children's lies?

A mund t'i dallojne genjeshtrat e femijeve?

No, they cannot.

Jo, nuk munden.

What about parents?

Po prinderit?

Can parents detect other children's lies?

A mund t'i dallojne prinderit genjeshtrat e femijeve te tjere?

No, they cannot.

Jo, nuk munden.

What about, can parents detect their own children's lies?

Po, munden prinderit te dallojne genjeshtrat e femijeve te tyre?

No, they cannot.

Jo, nuk munden.

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Te qeshura) (Duartrokitje)

So now you may ask

Keshtu tani ju mund te pyesni

why children's lies are so difficult to detect.

pse genjeshtrat e femijeve jane kaq te veshtira per t'u dalluar.

Let me illustrate this with my own son, Nathan.

Me lejoni ta ilustroj kete me djalin tim, Nathan.

This is his facial expression

Kjo eshte mimika e tij

when he lies.

kur genjen.

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

So when children lie,

Keshtu kur femijet genjejne,

their facial expression is typically neutral.

mimika e tyre eshte zakonisht neutrale.

However, behind this neutral expression,

Sidoqofte, pas kesaj pamje neurale,

the child is actually experiencing a lot of emotions,

femija ne te vertete perjeton shume emocione,

such as fear, guilt, shame

si frike, faj, turp

and maybe a little bit of liar's delight.

dhe ndoshta pak kenaqesine e genjeshtarit.

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

Unfortunately, such emotions are either fleeting or hidden.

Fatkeqesisht, keto emocione jane ose shume te befta ose te fshehta.

Therefore, it's mostly invisible to us.

Keshtu qe, ne te shumten eshte e padukshme per ne.

So in the last five years,

Pra ne pese vitet e fundit,

we have been trying to figure out a way to reveal these hidden emotions.

jemi perpjekur te gjejme menyren per te nxjerre ne pah keto emocione te fshehura.

Then we made a discovery.

Me pas beme nje zbulim.

We know that underneath our facial skin,

Dime qe nen lekuren e fytyres sone,

there's a rich network of blood vessels.

ndodhet nje rrjet e pasur me kapilare gjaku.

When we experience different emotions,

Kur perjetojme emocione te ndryshme,

our facial blood flow changes subtly.

qarkullimi i gjakut ne fytyre ndryshon lehtas,

And these changes are regulated by the autonomic system

Dhe keto ndryshime rregullohen nga sistemi autonom

that is beyond our conscious control.

i cili eshte jashte kontrollit tone te ndergjegjshem.

By looking at facial blood flow changes,

Duke pare ndryshimet ne rrjedhen e gjakut ne fytyre

we can reveal people's hidden emotions.

mund te shfaqim emocionet e fshehura te njerezve.

Unfortunately, such emotion-related facial blood flow changes

Fatkeqesisht, keto ndryshime ne rrjedhen e gjakut ne fytyre te lidhura me emocionet

are too subtle to detect by our naked eye.

jane shume te cekta per tu dalluar me sy te lire.

So to help us reveal people's facial emotions,

Keshtu per te na ndihmuar te nxjerrim ne pah emocionet e fytyres,

we have developed a new imaging technology

kemi zhvilluar nje teknologji imazhi te re

we call "transdermal optical imaging."

te cile e quajme "imazhi optik transdermik".

To do so, we use a regular video camera to record people

Per kete, ne perdorim nje video kamera te zakonshme per te rregistruar njerezit

when they experience various hidden emotions.

kur perjetojne emocione te fshehuar te ndryshme.

And then, using our image processing technology,

Pastaj, duke perdorur teknologjine tone te perpunimit te imazhit,

we can extract transdermal images of facial blood flow changes.

mund te nxjerrim pamje transdermale te ndryshimit te rrjedhes se gjakut ne fytyre.

By looking at transdermal video images,

Duke pare pamjet video transdermale,

now we can easily see

tashme ne mund te shohim lehte

facial blood flow changes associated with the various hidden emotions.

ndryshimet ne rrjedhen e gjakut ne fytyre te lidhura me emocionet e fshehura.

And using this technology,

Dhe duke perdorur kete teknologji,

we can now reveal the hidden emotions associated with lying,

mund te zbulojme emocionet e fshehura qe lidhen me te genjyerit,

and therefore detect people's lies.

dh si rrjedhoje te zbulojme genjeshtrat e njerezve.

We can do so noninvasively,

Mund ta bejme pa nderhyre,

remotely, inexpensively,

nga larg, pa shume shpenzime,

with an accuracy at about 85 percent,

me nje saktesi rreth 85 perqind,

which is far better than chance level.

e cila eshte shume me mire se hamendesimi.

And in addition, we discovered a Pinocchio effect.

Dhe pervec kesaj, ne zbuluam nje efekt Pinoku.

No, not this Pinocchio effect.

Jo, jo ky efekt Pinoku.

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

This is the real Pinocchio effect.

Ky eshte efekti i vertete Pinok.

When people lie,

Kur njerezit genjejne,

the facial blood flow on the cheeks decreases,

rrjedha e gjakut ne fytyre ne molleza ulet

and the facial blood flow on the nose increases.

dhe rrjedha e gjakut ne fytyre ne hunde rritet.

Of course, lying is not the only situation

Sigurisht, te genjyerit nuk eshte i vetmi rast

that will evoke our hidden emotions.

i cili ndjell emocionet e fshehura.

So then we asked ourselves,

Keshtu qe pyetem veten,

in addition to detecting lies,

pervec se mund te dalloje genjeshtrat,

how can our technology be used?

si mund te perdoret teknologjia jone?

One application is in education.

Nje aplikim eshte ne edukim.

For example, using this technology, we can help this mathematics teacher

P.sh, duke perdorur kete teknologji, mund te ndihmojme kete mesues matematike

to identify the student in his classroom

per te identifikuar se cilet nxenes ne klasen e tij

who may experience high anxiety about the topic he's teaching

jane ne ankth te madh ne lidhje me temem qe ai po u shpjegon

so that he can help him.

ne menyre qe ai t'i ndihmoje ata.

And also we can use this in health care.

Dhe gjithashtu mund ta perdorim ne kujdesin shendetesor.

For example, every day I Skype my parents,

Per shembull, cdo dite une flas ne Skype me prinderit,

who live thousands of miles away.

te cilet jetojne mijra kilometra larg.

And using this technology,

Dhe duke perdorur kete teknologji,

I can not only find out what's going on in their lives

une jo vetem mundem te kuptoj c'po ndodh ne jeten e tyre

but also simultaneously monitor their heart rate, their stress level,

por ne te njejten kohe te monitoroj rrahjet e zemres, nivelin e stresit,

their mood and whether or not they are experiencing pain.

gjendjen shpirterore dhe nese po apo nuk po perjetojne dhimbje.

And perhaps in the future,

Dhe ndoshta ne te ardhmen,

their risks for heart attack or hypertension.

rrezikun per atak ne zemer apo hipertension.

And you may ask:

Ju mund te pyesni:

Can we use this also to reveal politicians' emotions?

A mund ta perdorim per te zbuluar emocionet e politikaneve?

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

For example, during a debate.

Per shembull, gjate nje debati.

Well, the answer is yes.

Pergjigja eshte po.

Using TV footage,

Duke perdorur rregjistrimet televizive,

we could detect the politicians' heart rate,

ne mund te dallojme rrahjet e zemres se politikaneve,

mood and stress,

gjendjen shpirterore dhe stresin,

and perhaps in the future, whether or not they are lying to us.

dhe mbase ne te ardhmen nese po na genjejne apo jo.

We can also use this in marketing research,

Mund ta perdorim ne kerkimet ne marketing,

for example, to find out

per shembull, per te kuptuar

whether or not people like certain consumer products.

nese njerezit i pelqejne apo jo disa produkte per konsumatoret.

We can even use it in dating.

Madje mund ta perdorim edhe ne takime.

So for example,

Keshtu per shembull,

if your date is smiling at you,

nese personi me te cilin keni dale ne takim po ju buzeqesh,

this technology can help you to determine

kjo teknologji mund te ndihmoje te percaktosh

whether she actually likes you

nese ajo me te vertete te pelqen ty

or she is just trying to be nice to you.

apo thjesht po tregohet e sjellshme me ty.

And in this case,

Dhe ne kete rast,

she is just trying to be nice to you.

ajo thjesht po tregohet e sjellshme me ty.

(Laughter)

(Te qeshura)

So transdermal optical imaging technology

Pra teknologjia e imazheve optike transdermike

is at a very early stage of development.

eshte ne shkallet e para te zhvillimit.

Many new applications will come about that we don't know today.

Shume aplikime te reja do te shfaqen te cilat nuk i njohim sot.

However, one thing I know for sure

Sidoqofte, nje gje e di me siguri

is that lying will never be the same again.

qe te genjyerit nuk do te jete me njelloj.

Thank you very much.

Ju faleminderit shume.

Xiè xie.

She she. (Faleminderit)- kineze

(Applause)

(Duartrokitje)