Can you really tell if a kid is lying? | Kang Lee

11,269,823 views ・ 2016-06-08

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Ju-yong Kim κ²€ν† : Yejin Kim
00:13
Hi.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
00:14
Let me ask the audience a question:
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
Did you ever lie as a child?
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어렸을 λ•Œ κ±°μ§“λ§ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:19
If you did, could you please raise your hand?
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κ·Έλž¬λ‹€λ©΄ 손을 λ“€μ–΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
였, μ œκ°€ λ§Œλ‚¬λ˜ κ·Έλ£Ή μ€‘μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ •μ§ν•˜μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
Wow! This is the most honest group of people I've ever met.
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00:26
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:28
So for the last 20 years,
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μ§€λ‚œ 20λ…„ κ°„
00:30
I've been studying how children learn to tell lies.
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μ €λŠ” 아이듀이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 거짓말을 λ°°μš°λŠ”μ§€ 연ꡬ해 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
And today, I'm going to share with you
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였늘, μ œκ°€ κ·Έκ°„ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆλ˜ 것듀을 μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦¬κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
some of the discoveries we have made.
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00:38
But to begin, I'm going to tell you a story from Mr. Richard Messina,
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μš°μ„ , λ¦¬μ°¨λ“œ λ©”μ‹œλ‚˜μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
who is my friend and an elementary school principal.
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제 친ꡬ이자 μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ ꡐμž₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
He got a phone call one day.
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μ–΄λŠ λ‚  κ·ΈλŠ” μ „ν™”λ₯Ό λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
The caller says,
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μƒλŒ€λ°©μ΄ λ§ν•˜κΈΈ
00:52
"Mr. Messina, my son Johnny will not come to school today
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"λ©”μ‹œλ‚˜μ”¨, 제 μ•„λ“€ μ‘°λ‹ˆλŠ” 였늘 학ꡐλ₯Ό λͺ» κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
because he's sick."
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μ§€κΈˆ μ•„ν”„λ‹΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
00:58
Mr. Messina asks,
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λ©”μ‹œλ‚˜κ°€ λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
"Who am I speaking to, please?"
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"μ „ν™”ν•˜μ‹  뢄은 λˆ„κ΅¬μ‹œμ£ ?"
01:02
And the caller says,
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μƒλŒ€λ°©μ΄ λ§ν•˜κΈΈ
01:04
"I am my father."
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"μ €λŠ” 제 μ•„λΉ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."
01:05
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:10
So this story --
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이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ”
01:11
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:13
sums up very nicely three common beliefs we have
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 아이듀과 거짓말에 λŒ€ν•΄ 가지고 μžˆλŠ” μ„Έ 가지 ν”ν•œ 믿음으둜 μ΄μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
about children and lying.
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01:20
One, children only come to tell lies
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첫째, 아이듀은 μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄κ°€μ„œμ•Ό 거짓말을 ν•œλ‹€.
01:24
after entering elementary school.
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01:27
Two, children are poor liars.
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λ‘˜μ§Έ, 아이듀은 거짓말을 잘 λͺ»ν•˜κ³ 
01:29
We adults can easily detect their lies.
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μ–΄λ₯Έλ“€μ€ μ‰½κ²Œ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ 거짓말을 μ•Œμ•„μ°¨λ¦°λ‹€.
01:32
And three, if children lie at a very young age,
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μ…‹μ§Έ, μ•„μ£Ό μ–΄λ¦° λ‚˜μ΄μ— 거짓말을 ν•˜λ©΄ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ 성격적 결함이 생긴 것이닀.
01:36
there must be some character flaws with them,
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01:39
and they are going to become pathological liars for life.
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κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λŠ” 평생 병적인 κ±°μ§“λ§μŸμ΄κ°€ 될 것이닀.
01:44
Well, it turns out
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λ°ν˜€μ§„ λ°”λŠ” μ„Έ 가지 생각 λͺ¨λ‘ ν‹€λ Έλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
all of the three beliefs are wrong.
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01:50
We have been playing guessing games
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 전세계 어린이듀과 μΆ”μΈ‘κ²Œμž„μ„ ν•΄ λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
with children all over the world.
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01:55
Here is an example.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
So in this game, we asked children to guess the numbers on the cards.
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이 κ²Œμž„μ—μ„œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ μΉ΄λ“œμ˜ 숫자λ₯Ό μΆ”μΈ‘ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
And we tell them if they win the game,
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아이듀이 이기면 큰 상을 λ°›λŠ”λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•΄μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
they are going to get a big prize.
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02:07
But in the middle of the game,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ²Œμž„ 쀑간에,
02:09
we make an excuse and leave the room.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 핑계λ₯Ό λŒ€κ³  방을 λ‚˜κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
And before we leave the room,
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방을 λ‚˜κ°€κΈ° 전에
02:15
we tell them not to peek at the cards.
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μΉ΄λ“œλ₯Ό 엿보지 말라고 λ‹ΉλΆ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
Of course,
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λ¬Όλ‘ ,
02:20
we have hidden cameras in the room
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방에 μ›€μ§μž„μ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 관찰카메라λ₯Ό λ‘‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
to watch their every move.
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02:26
Because the desire to win the game is so strong,
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이기고 싢은 μš•κ΅¬κ°€ κ°•ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:29
more than 90 percent of children will peek
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90% μ΄μƒμ˜ 아이듀이 μ—Ώλ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
as soon as we leave the room.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 방을 λ‚˜κ°€μžλ§ˆμžμš”.
02:34
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:37
The crucial question is:
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€
02:39
When we return and ask the children
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λŒμ•„μ™€μ„œ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ—Ώλ³΄μ•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ¬Όμ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
02:41
whether or not they have peeked,
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02:44
will the children who peeked confess
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μ—Ώλ³Έ 아이듀은 κ³ λ°±ν• κΉŒμš”, 잘λͺ»μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 거짓말을 ν• κΉŒμš”?
02:47
or lie about their transgression?
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02:51
We found that regardless of gender, country, religion,
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성별,ꡭ적,쒅ꡐ와 상관없이
02:56
at two years of age,
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2μ„Έμ—μ„œλŠ”
02:59
30 percent lie,
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30%κ°€ 거짓말을 ν•˜κ³ 
03:01
70 percent tell the truth about their transgression.
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70%λŠ” 진싀을 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
At three years of age,
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3μ„Έμ—μ„œλŠ”
03:07
50 percent lie and 50 percent tell the truth.
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50%κ°€ 거짓말을 ν•˜κ³  50%κ°€ 진싀을 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
At four years of age,
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4μ„Έμ—μ„œλŠ”
03:13
more than 80 percent lie.
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80% 이상이 거짓말을 ν•˜κ³ 
03:16
And after four years of age,
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4μ„Έκ°€ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄
03:18
most children lie.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 아이듀이 거짓말을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
So as you can see,
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λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό
03:22
lying is really a typical part of development.
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거짓말은 λ°œλ‹¬μ˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
And some children begin to tell lies
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μ–΄λ–€ 아이듀은 2μ„Έ 정도에 거짓말을 μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
as young as two years of age.
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03:32
So now, let's take a closer look at the younger children.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ— μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ μ–΄λ¦° 아이듀을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
Why do some but not all young children lie?
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μ™œ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ 일뢀 아이듀이 거짓말을 ν• κΉŒμš”?
03:42
In cooking, you need good ingredients
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μš”λ¦¬ν•  λ•Œ 쒋은 μŒμ‹μ„ λ§Œλ“œλ €λ©΄ 쒋은 μž¬λ£Œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
to cook good food.
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03:47
And good lying requires two key ingredients.
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거짓말을 μž˜ν•˜λŠ” 것도 두 가지 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μ†Œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
The first key ingredient is theory of mind,
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첫 번째 μš”μ†ŒλŠ” 마음 이둠 λ˜λŠ” λ§ˆμŒμ„ μ½μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
or the mind-reading ability.
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03:59
Mind reading is the ability to know
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λ§ˆμŒμ½κΈ°λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 상황에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ 지식을 μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ•„λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯이자
04:01
that different people have different knowledge about the situation
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04:06
and the ability to differentiate between what I know
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λ‚΄κ°€ μ•„λŠ” 것과 μƒλŒ€κ°€ μ•„λŠ” 것을 ꡬ별할 쀄 μ•„λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
and what you know.
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04:11
Mind reading is important for lying
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λ§ˆμŒμ½κΈ°λŠ” κ±°μ§“λ§μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
because the basis of lying is that I know
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ κ±°μ§“λ§μ˜ κ·Όκ±°λŠ”
λ‚΄κ°€ μ•„λŠ” 것을 μƒλŒ€λŠ” λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•„λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
04:18
you don't know
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04:19
what I know.
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04:20
Therefore, I can lie to you.
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κ·Έλž˜μ•Ό 거짓말을 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
The second key ingredient for good lying is self-control.
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거짓말 μž˜ν•˜κΈ°μ˜ 두 번째 μš”μ†ŒλŠ” μžκΈ°ν†΅μ œλ ₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
It is the ability to control your speech, your facial expression
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이것은 말과 μ–Όκ΅΄ν‘œμ • 그리고 λͺΈλ™μž‘을 μ‘°μ ˆν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
and your body language,
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04:33
so that you can tell a convincing lie.
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κ·Έλž˜μ•Ό 섀득λ ₯μžˆλŠ” 거짓말을 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
And we found that those young children
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μ•Œμ•„λ‚Έ 것은, λ§ˆμŒμ½κΈ°κ°€ λ°œλ‹¬ν•˜κ³  μžκΈ°ν†΅μ œλ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” 아이듀이
04:40
who have more advanced mind-reading and self-control abilities
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04:45
tell lies earlier
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더 일찍 거짓말을 ν•˜κ³ 
04:47
and are more sophisticated liars.
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더 μ •κ΅ν•œ 거짓말을 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
As it turns out, these two abilities are also essential for all of us
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λ°ν˜€μ§„λŒ€λ‘œ, 이 두 가지 λŠ₯λ ₯은 우리 λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
to function well in our society.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ 잘 μ‚΄μ•„κ°€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ£ .
05:00
In fact, deficits in mind-reading and self-control abilities
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사싀, λ§ˆμŒμ½κΈ°μ™€ μžκΈ°ν†΅μ œ λŠ₯λ ₯의 뢀쑱은
05:05
are associated with serious developmental problems,
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μ‹¬κ°ν•œ λ°œλ‹¬ λ¬Έμ œμ™€ 관련이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
such as ADHD and autism.
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ADHD와 자폐증 같은 것이죠.
λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 두살배기 아이가 처음으둜 거짓말을 ν•˜λ©΄
05:13
So if you discover your two-year-old is telling his or her first lie,
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05:19
instead of being alarmed,
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놀라지 λ§ˆμ‹œκ³ 
05:21
you should celebrate --
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μΆ•ν•˜ν•΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
05:22
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:24
because it signals that your child has arrived at a new milestone
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이것은 μžλ…€κ°€ 일반적인 λ°œλ‹¬μ˜ λ‹€μŒ 단계에 λ“€μ–΄μ„°μŒμ„ μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
of typical development.
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05:33
Now, are children poor liars?
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아이듀은 거짓말을 잘 λͺ»ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
05:36
Do you think you can easily detect their lies?
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μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ 거짓말을 잘 μ°Ύμ•„λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
05:40
Would you like to give it a try?
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ν•œλ²ˆ ν•΄λ³΄μ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
05:42
Yes? OK.
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κ·Έλž˜μš”? μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:44
So I'm going to show you two videos.
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두 개의 μ˜μƒμ„ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
In the videos,
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κ±°κΈ°μ—μ„œ
05:48
the children are going to respond to a researcher's question,
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아이듀이 μ—°κ΅¬μžμ˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λ°˜μ‘ν• ν…λ°μš”.
05:51
"Did you peek?"
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"λͺ°λž˜ λ³΄μ•˜λ‹ˆ?"
05:52
So try to tell me
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그러면 λ§ν•΄μ£Όμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
05:54
which child is lying
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μ–΄λ–€ 아이가 거짓말을 ν•˜κ³ 
05:55
and which child is telling the truth.
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μ–΄λ–€ 아이가 진싀을 λ§ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Όμš”.
05:58
Here's child number one.
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첫 번째 μ•„μ΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:00
Are you ready?
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μ€€λΉ„λ˜μ…¨λ‚˜μš”?
06:03
(Video) Adult: Did you peek? Child: No.
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λͺ°λž˜ λ³΄μ•˜λ‹ˆ? / μ•„λ‹ˆμ˜€.
06:05
Kang Lee: And this is child number two.
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두 번째 μ•„μ΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:09
(Video) Adult: Did you peek? Child: No.
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λͺ°λž˜ λ³΄μ•˜λ‹ˆ? / μ•„λ‹ˆμ˜€.
06:13
KL: OK, if you think child number one is lying,
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 첫 번째 아이가 거짓말을 ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄,
06:16
please raise your hand.
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손을 λ“€μ–΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
06:20
And if you think child number two is lying, please raise your hand.
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두 번째 아이가 κ±°μ§“λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄, 손을 λ“€μ–΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
06:25
OK, so as a matter of fact,
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 사싀은,
06:28
child number one is telling the truth,
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첫 번째 μ•„μ΄λŠ” 진싀을 λ§ν•˜κ³  있고,
06:31
child number two is lying.
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두 번째 아이가 거짓말을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
Looks like many of you are terrible detectors of children's lies.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μƒλ‹Ήμˆ˜κ°€ 아이듀 거짓말을 μ „ν˜€ λͺ» μ°Ύκ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ΄λ„€μš”.
06:37
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:39
Now, we have played similar kinds of games
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒ 각계 각측의 성인듀과 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ κ²Œμž„μ„ ν•΄ λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
with many, many adults from all walks of life.
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06:48
And we show them many videos.
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:51
In half of the videos, the children lied.
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λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μ ˆλ°˜μ—μ„œ 아이듀이 거짓말을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
In the other half of the videos, the children told the truth.
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μ ˆλ°˜μ—μ„œ, 아이듀은 진싀을 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:58
And let's find out how these adults performed.
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이 μ–΄λ₯Έλ“€μ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μΆ”μΈ‘ν•΄λ‚΄λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
Because there are as many liars as truth tellers,
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μ§„μ‹€λœ μ‚¬λžŒλ§ŒνΌ κ±°μ§“λ§μŸμ΄λ„ μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ
07:06
if you guess randomly,
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μž„μ˜λ‘œ 좔츑을 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
07:08
there's a 50 percent chance you're going to get it right.
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닡을 맞좜 ν™•λ₯ μ€ 50%μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:12
So if your accuracy is around 50 percent,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 정확성이 50%쯀이라면
07:16
it means you are a terrible detector of children's lies.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ 거짓말을 잘 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
So let's start with undergrads and law school students,
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학뢀생과 λ²•λŒ€μƒλΆ€ν„° μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:24
who typically have limited experience with children.
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일반적으둜 아이듀을 μƒλŒ€ν•΄ 보지 μ•Šμ€ μ΄λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
No, they cannot detect children's lies.
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그듀은 거짓말을 μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:32
Their performance is around chance.
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μ΄λ“€μ˜ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” ν™•λ₯ μ— κ°€κΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:34
Now how about social workers and child-protection lawyers,
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μ‚¬νšŒλ³΅μ§€μ‚¬λ‚˜ μ•„λ™λ³΄ν˜Έ λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
07:39
who work with children on a daily basis?
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맀일 아이듀과 ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν•˜λŠ” μ΄λ“€μΈλ°μš”.
07:42
Can they detect children's lies?
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μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ 거짓말을 λ°œκ²¬ν• κΉŒμš”?
07:45
No, they cannot.
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μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:46
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
07:47
What about judges,
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νŒμ‚¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
07:49
customs officers
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세관원 그리고 κ²½μ°°λ“€
07:51
and police officers,
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07:53
who deal with liars on a daily basis?
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맀일 κ±°μ§“λ§μŸμ΄λ₯Ό μƒλŒ€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€μš”.
07:55
Can they detect children's lies?
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그듀은 μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ 거짓말을 λ°œκ²¬ν• κΉŒμš”?
07:58
No, they cannot.
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μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
What about parents?
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λΆ€λͺ¨λŠ” μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
08:01
Can parents detect other children's lies?
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λΆ€λͺ¨λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 집 μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ 거짓말을 λ°œκ²¬ν• κΉŒμš”?
08:05
No, they cannot.
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μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
What about, can parents detect their own children's lies?
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그러면 λΆ€λͺ¨κ°€ 자기 μžλ…€μ˜ 거짓말은 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒμš”?
08:13
No, they cannot.
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μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:14
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(μ›ƒμŒ) (λ°•μˆ˜)
08:17
So now you may ask
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κΆκΈˆν•˜μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:20
why children's lies are so difficult to detect.
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μ™œ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ 거짓말은 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄κ°€.
08:24
Let me illustrate this with my own son, Nathan.
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제 μ•„λ“€ 넀이선을 톡해 μ„€λͺ…λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:27
This is his facial expression
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이게 μ•„λ“€μ˜ μ–Όκ΅΄ν‘œμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:30
when he lies.
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거짓말할 λ•Œμ£ .
08:31
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:33
So when children lie,
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아이듀이 거짓말할 λ•Œ
08:35
their facial expression is typically neutral.
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ν‘œμ •μ€ 일반적으둜 μ€‘λ¦½μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:39
However, behind this neutral expression,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 쀑립적 ν‘œμ • λ’€μ—μ„œ
08:42
the child is actually experiencing a lot of emotions,
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아이듀은 λ§Žμ€ 감정을 κ²½ν—˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:45
such as fear, guilt, shame
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두렀움, 죄책감, μˆ˜μΉ˜μ‹¬κ°™μ€ 것이죠.
08:49
and maybe a little bit of liar's delight.
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ν˜Ήμ€ μ•½κ°„μ˜ 희열을 말이죠.
08:52
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:55
Unfortunately, such emotions are either fleeting or hidden.
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λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ²Œλ„, 이런 감정은 슀쳐 μ§€λ‚˜κ°€κ±°λ‚˜ μˆ¨κ²¨μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:00
Therefore, it's mostly invisible to us.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 거의 μ•ˆ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:03
So in the last five years,
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μ§€λ‚œ 5λ…„λ™μ•ˆ,
09:05
we have been trying to figure out a way to reveal these hidden emotions.
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이런 μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„ 감정을 λ°ν˜€λ‚Ό 방법을 μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄κ³ μž ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:08
Then we made a discovery.
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그리고 λ°œκ²¬ν•΄ λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:11
We know that underneath our facial skin,
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μ–Όκ΅΄ ν”ΌλΆ€ μ•„λž˜μ—λŠ” ν˜ˆκ΄€μ˜ ν’λΆ€ν•œ 망이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:14
there's a rich network of blood vessels.
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09:17
When we experience different emotions,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 감정을 κ²½ν—˜ν•  λ•Œ
09:20
our facial blood flow changes subtly.
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μ–Όκ΅΄μ˜ 혈λ₯˜κ°€ λ―Έλ¬˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ³€ν™”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:23
And these changes are regulated by the autonomic system
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이런 λ³€ν™”λŠ” μžμœ¨μ‹ κ²½κ³„μ—μ„œ μ‘°μ ˆν•˜μ—¬
09:27
that is beyond our conscious control.
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μ˜μ‹μ μΈ ν†΅μ œλ₯Ό 받지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:30
By looking at facial blood flow changes,
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μ–Όκ΅΄μ˜ 혈λ₯˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄„μœΌλ‘œμ¨,
09:34
we can reveal people's hidden emotions.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„ 감정을 밝힐 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:37
Unfortunately, such emotion-related facial blood flow changes
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λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ²Œλ„, 감정과 κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ–Όκ΅΄ 혈λ₯˜μ˜ 변화듀은
09:42
are too subtle to detect by our naked eye.
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μœ‘μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ μ°Ύμ•„λ‚΄κΈ°μ—λŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ―Έλ¬˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:45
So to help us reveal people's facial emotions,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ–Όκ΅΄ν‘œμ •μ„ 밝힐 수 μžˆλ„λ‘
09:49
we have developed a new imaging technology
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‹œκ°ν™” κΈ°μˆ μ„ κ°œλ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:52
we call "transdermal optical imaging."
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ν”ΌλΆ€λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ μ‹œκ° 이미징
09:56
To do so, we use a regular video camera to record people
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이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 기둝할 수 μžˆλŠ” 일반 λΉ„λ””μ˜€ 카메라λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:00
when they experience various hidden emotions.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ—¬λŸ¬ μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„ 감정을 κ²½ν—˜ν•  λ•Œ
10:04
And then, using our image processing technology,
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우리의 이미지 처리 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
10:08
we can extract transdermal images of facial blood flow changes.
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ν”ΌλΆ€ 혈λ₯˜ λ³€ν™”μ˜ κ²½ν”Ό 이미지λ₯Ό μΆ”μΆœν•΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:16
By looking at transdermal video images,
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κ²½ν”Ό λΉ„λ””μ˜€ 이미지λ₯Ό λ΄„μœΌλ‘œμ¨
10:20
now we can easily see
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이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:23
facial blood flow changes associated with the various hidden emotions.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„ 감정과 κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ–Όκ΅΄ 혈λ₯˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Όμš”.
10:29
And using this technology,
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이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
10:31
we can now reveal the hidden emotions associated with lying,
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거짓말과 κ΄€λ ¨λœ μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„ 감정도 밝힐 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:36
and therefore detect people's lies.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 거짓말도 λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:39
We can do so noninvasively,
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λͺΈμ— 뭘 넣지 μ•Šκ³ λ„ λ©€λ¦¬μ„œ, 적은 λΉ„μš©μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:41
remotely, inexpensively,
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10:44
with an accuracy at about 85 percent,
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85%의 정확성이 있고 κ·Έλƒ₯ ν™•λ₯ λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 훨씬 λ‚«μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:48
which is far better than chance level.
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10:51
And in addition, we discovered a Pinocchio effect.
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν”Όλ…Έν‚€μ˜€ 효과λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:56
No, not this Pinocchio effect.
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이런 ν”Όλ…Έν‚€μ˜€ νš¨κ³ΌλŠ” μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:58
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
10:59
This is the real Pinocchio effect.
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이게 μ§„μ§œ ν”Όλ…Έν‚€μ˜€ νš¨κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:01
When people lie,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 거짓말할 λ•Œ,
11:03
the facial blood flow on the cheeks decreases,
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뺨의 ν”Ό 흐름은 κ°μ†Œν•˜κ³ 
11:06
and the facial blood flow on the nose increases.
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μ½”μ˜ ν”Ό 흐름이 μ¦κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:11
Of course, lying is not the only situation
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λ¬Όλ‘ , 거짓말은 μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„ 감정을 μžμ•„λ‚΄λŠ” μœ μΌν•œ 상황은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:14
that will evoke our hidden emotions.
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11:17
So then we asked ourselves,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ—κ²Œ μ§ˆλ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:19
in addition to detecting lies,
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거짓말을 μ°Ύμ•„λ‚΄λŠ” 것외에
11:22
how can our technology be used?
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이 κΈ°μˆ μ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 쓰일 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?
11:25
One application is in education.
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ν•œ 가지 μ μš©λ°©λ²•μ€ κ΅μœ‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:28
For example, using this technology, we can help this mathematics teacher
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ΄μš©ν•΄, μˆ˜ν•™ ꡐ사λ₯Ό λ„μšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:33
to identify the student in his classroom
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κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ£Όμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 높은 λΆˆμ•ˆκ°μ„ λŠλΌλŠ” 학생을 ν™•μΈμ‹œμΌœ 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:36
who may experience high anxiety about the topic he's teaching
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11:40
so that he can help him.
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그러면 학생을 λ„μšΈ 수 있겠죠.
11:43
And also we can use this in health care.
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λ˜ν•œ 의료 λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œλ„ μ“Έ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:46
For example, every day I Skype my parents,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ €λŠ” 맀일 λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜κ³Ό 화상톡화λ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:49
who live thousands of miles away.
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수 천 마일 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μ‚΄κ³  κ³„μ‹œμ£ .
11:52
And using this technology,
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이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄,
11:54
I can not only find out what's going on in their lives
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λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 지내고 계신지 μ•Œ μˆ˜λ„ 있고
11:57
but also simultaneously monitor their heart rate, their stress level,
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λ™μ‹œμ— μ‹¬λ°•λ™μˆ˜, 슀트레슀 μˆ˜μ€€, κΈ°λΆ„,
12:03
their mood and whether or not they are experiencing pain.
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고톡을 느끼고 μžˆμ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ€μ§€λ₯Ό κ΄€μ°°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:07
And perhaps in the future,
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μ•„λ§ˆ λ―Έλž˜μ—λŠ”
12:09
their risks for heart attack or hypertension.
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심μž₯λ³‘μ΄λ‚˜ κ³ ν˜ˆμ•• μœ„ν—˜λ„ μ•Œ 수 있겠죠.
12:13
And you may ask:
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그러면 λ¬ΌμœΌμ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:15
Can we use this also to reveal politicians' emotions?
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이것이 μ •μΉ˜μΈ 감정도 μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
12:20
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
12:22
For example, during a debate.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, ν† λ‘  쀑에
12:25
Well, the answer is yes.
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λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ 'λ§žλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:27
Using TV footage,
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TV화면을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄
12:29
we could detect the politicians' heart rate,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ •μΉ˜μΈμ˜ μ‹¬λ°•λ™μˆ˜, 감정, 슀트레슀λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:33
mood and stress,
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12:35
and perhaps in the future, whether or not they are lying to us.
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μ•„λ§ˆ λ―Έλž˜μ—λŠ”, μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ κ±°μ§“λ§ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•„λ‹Œμ§€ μ•Œκ² μ£ .
12:39
We can also use this in marketing research,
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λ§ˆμΌ€νŒ… 쑰사에도 μ“Έ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:42
for example, to find out
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ νŠΉμ • μ†ŒλΉ„μ œν’ˆμ„ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:44
whether or not people like certain consumer products.
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12:49
We can even use it in dating.
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λ°μ΄νŠΈμ—μ„œλ„ μ“Έ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:51
So for example,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 데이트 μƒλŒ€κ°€ 웃고 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
12:53
if your date is smiling at you,
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12:55
this technology can help you to determine
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이 κΈ°μˆ μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•Œ 수 있게 λ„μ™€μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:58
whether she actually likes you
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 정말 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μΉœμ ˆν•œ 건지λ₯Όμš”.
13:01
or she is just trying to be nice to you.
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13:03
And in this case,
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이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ”,
13:05
she is just trying to be nice to you.
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단지 μž˜ν•΄μ£Όκ³  μžˆλŠ”κ±°λ„€μš”.
13:07
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
13:11
So transdermal optical imaging technology
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κ²½ν”Ό μ‹œκ° 이미징 κΈ°μˆ μ€ 개발 초기 단계에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:14
is at a very early stage of development.
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13:17
Many new applications will come about that we don't know today.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‘μš©λ²•μ΄ λ‚˜μ˜¬ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:22
However, one thing I know for sure
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, ν™•μ‹€νžˆ μ•„λŠ” ν•œ κ°€μ§€λŠ”
13:25
is that lying will never be the same again.
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거짓말은 μ ˆλŒ€ μ˜ˆμ „κ°™μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ±°λΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:28
Thank you very much.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:29
Xiè xie.
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(쀑ꡭ어) κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:31
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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