Bring on the learning revolution! | Ken Robinson

715,969 views ใƒป 2015-09-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yubal Masalker ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
I was here four years ago,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื,
00:18
and I remember, at the time,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
00:20
that the talks weren't put online.
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ื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืขืœื• ืœืจืฉืช;
00:23
I think they were given to TEDsters in a box,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืžืฉืชืชืคื™ TED ื‘ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช,
00:27
a box set of DVDs,
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ืงื•ืคืกื” ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืกื˜ ืฉืœ ืชืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื,
00:29
which they put on their shelves, where they are now.
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ืฉื”ื ืฉืžื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืคื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
00:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:34
And actually, Chris called me a week after I'd given my talk, and said,
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืจื™ืก ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ื™
ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉื ืชืชื™
00:38
"We're going to start putting them online. Can we put yours online?"
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ื•ืืžืจ, "ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืจืฉืช.
ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืฉืœืš?" ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™, "ื‘ื˜ื—."
00:41
And I said, "Sure."
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00:43
And four years later,
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ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš,
00:45
it's been downloaded four million times.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืฆืคืชื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืข.....
ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืจื“ื” ืืจื‘ืข ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืขื.
ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘-20
00:51
So I suppose you could multiply that by 20 or something
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00:53
to get the number of people who've seen it.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืคื• ื‘ื”.
ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืจื™ืก ืื•ืžืจ, ืงื™ื™ื ืจืขื‘
00:56
And, as Chris says, there is a hunger for videos of me.
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ืœืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
01:00
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:03
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:09
Don't you feel?
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ื”ืื™ื ื›ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื?
01:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:15
So, this whole event has been an elaborate build-up
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืื•ืจืข ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื ื” ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืงืช
01:18
to me doing another one for you, so here it is.
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ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจืฆืื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื.
01:21
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:24
Al Gore spoke at the TED conference I spoke at four years ago
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ืืœ ื’ื•ืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ,
ื‘ื›ื ืก TED ืฉื‘ื• ื’ื ืื ื™ ื”ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื,
01:30
and talked about the climate crisis.
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ืขืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
01:32
And I referenced that at the end of my last talk.
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ื•ื”ืชื™ื—ืกืชื™ ืœื–ื”
ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉืœื™.
01:36
So I want to pick up from there
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืฉื
01:38
because I only had 18 minutes, frankly.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืจืง 18 ื“ืงื•ืช, ื‘ืืžืช,
01:40
(Laughter)
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01:41
So, as I was saying --
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ืื–, ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉ...
01:43
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื“ืง.
01:52
You see, he's right.
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01:53
I mean, there is a major climate crisis, obviously,
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืืงืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
01:56
and I think if people don't believe it, they should get out more.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื–ื”, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืฆืืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืืงืœื™ื ืื—ืจ,
02:03
But I believe there is a second climate crisis,
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02:06
which is as severe,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจ,
02:08
which has the same origins,
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ื•ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช,
02:11
and that we have to deal with with the same urgency.
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ื•ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช.
ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ --
02:15
And you may say, by the way,
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืชืืžืจื•, "ืชืจืื”, ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื ื•,
02:17
"Look, I'm good.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืืงืœื™ื ืื—ื“;
02:19
I have one climate crisis, I don't really need the second one."
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ืื™ื ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื“."
02:22
(Laughter)
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02:23
But this is a crisis of, not natural resources --
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื‘ืจ, ืœื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื,
ืืฃ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
02:26
though I believe that's true --
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02:28
but a crisis of human resources.
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ืืœื ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
02:30
I believe fundamentally,
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™,
02:32
as many speakers have said during the past few days,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืœื•ื‘
02:35
that we make very poor use of our talents.
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ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื
02:40
Very many people go through their whole lives
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ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
02:42
having no real sense of what their talents may be,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
02:45
or if they have any to speak of.
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ืื• ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื›ืืœื”.
ืื ื™ ืคื•ื’ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
02:48
I meet all kinds of people
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02:49
who don't think they're really good at anything.
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ืฉืื™ื ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•.
02:52
Actually, I kind of divide the world into two groups now.
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ืื ื™ ืžื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช.
02:56
Jeremy Bentham, the great utilitarian philosopher,
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ื’'ื™ืจืžื™ ื‘ื ืชื”ื, ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืชื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
02:59
once spiked this argument.
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ื—ื™ื“ื“ ืคืขื ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคืชื•.
03:01
He said, "There are two types of people in this world:
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
03:03
those who divide the world into two types
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ื›ืืœื” ืฉืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื
03:05
and those who do not."
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ื•ื›ืืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช."
03:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:12
Well, I do.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช.
03:14
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:19
I meet all kinds of people who don't enjoy what they do.
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ืื ื™ ืคื•ื’ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
03:24
They simply go through their lives getting on with it.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืžืกืชื“ืจื™ื ืขื ื–ื”.
03:27
They get no great pleasure from what they do.
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ืื™ื ื ืžืคื™ืงื™ื ื”ื ืื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
03:30
They endure it rather than enjoy it,
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ื”ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื–ื”,
03:33
and wait for the weekend.
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ื•ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืกื•ืคืฉื‘ื•ืข.
03:36
But I also meet people
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื’ื ืคื•ื’ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื
03:38
who love what they do and couldn't imagine doing anything else.
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ืืฉืจ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื
ื•ืื™ื ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
03:42
If you said, "Don't do this anymore,"
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ืื ืชื’ื™ื“ื• ืœื”ื, "ืืœ ืชืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ื™ื•ืชืจ," ืื ื™ืชื”ื• ืขืœ ืžื” ืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
03:44
they'd wonder what you're talking about.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื. ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
03:46
It isn't what they do, it's who they are.
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03:48
They say, "But this is me, you know.
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"ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™, ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ.
03:50
It would be foolish to abandon this,
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืคืฉื™ ืžืฆื™ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื›ื™
03:52
because it speaks to my most authentic self."
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ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืื ื™ ื”ื”ื›ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื™".
03:54
And it's not true of enough people.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื ืฉื™ื.
03:57
In fact, on the contrary, I think it's still true of a minority of people.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘
ืฉืœื‘ื˜ื— ื–ื” ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืฉื‘ืื ืฉื™ื.
04:01
And I think there are many possible explanations for it.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื
ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืœื–ื”.
04:05
And high among them is education,
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ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื”ื
ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
04:09
because education, in a way,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื,
ืขื•ืงืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืš
04:12
dislocates very many people from their natural talents.
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ื”ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื ื›ืžื• ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื;
04:16
And human resources are like natural resources;
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขืžื•ืง.
04:19
they're often buried deep.
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04:20
You have to go looking for them,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื•ืชื.
04:22
they're not just lying around on the surface.
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ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืกืชื ื›ืš ืขืœ ืคื ื™-ื”ืฉื˜ื—.
04:24
You have to create the circumstances where they show themselves.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช.
04:27
And you might imagine education would be the way that happens,
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
ืฉื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื“ืจื›ื• ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”.
04:31
but too often, it's not.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื™, ื”ื•ื ืœื.
04:33
Every education system in the world is being reformed at the moment
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ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื
ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื”.
04:37
and it's not enough.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง.
04:39
Reform is no use anymore,
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื,
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉื ืฉื‘ืจื”.
04:42
because that's simply improving a broken model.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื --
04:45
What we need --
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04:46
and the word's been used many times in the past few days --
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ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ืืžืจื• ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื --
ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
04:49
is not evolution,
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ืืœื ืžื”ืคื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
04:51
but a revolution in education.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื–ื”
04:54
This has to be transformed into something else.
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ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
04:57
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
05:03
One of the real challenges is to innovate fundamentally in education.
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื
ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืกื•ื“
ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
05:09
Innovation is hard,
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ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฉื”,
05:11
because it means doing something that people don't find very easy,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื–ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•
ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
05:14
for the most part.
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ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื–ื” ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•,
05:16
It means challenging what we take for granted,
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05:18
things that we think are obvious.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื“ืžื” ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ื.
05:21
The great problem for reform or transformation
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื
ืื• ืžื”ืคืš
05:25
is the tyranny of common sense.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื“ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจ,
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื,
05:28
Things that people think,
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05:29
"It can't be done differently, that's how it's done."
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"ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืš ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ืฆืข."
ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื”ื“ืจ ืžืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ,
05:32
I came across a great quote recently from Abraham Lincoln,
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05:34
who I thought you'd be pleased to have quoted at this point.
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ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืชืฉืžื—ื• ืฉืืฆื˜ื˜ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•.
05:37
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:39
He said this in December 1862 to the second annual meeting of Congress.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1862
ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก.
05:46
I ought to explain that I have no idea what was happening at the time.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ.
05:51
We don't teach American history in Britain.
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ืื ื• ืœื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
05:53
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:55
We suppress it. You know, this is our policy.
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ืื ื• ืžื“ื—ื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื”. ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื–ื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
05:58
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:01
No doubt, something fascinating was happening then,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืžืจืชืง ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1862,
06:03
which the Americans among us will be aware of.
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ืฉื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•
ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื•.
06:08
But he said this:
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื›ืš:
06:10
"The dogmas of the quiet past are inadequate to the stormy present.
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"ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื•ืช
ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืงื˜
ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืกื•ืขืจ.
ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงืฉื”
06:18
The occasion is piled high with difficulty,
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ื ืขืจื ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืจื‘,
06:21
and we must rise with the occasion."
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ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืฆื‘."
ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื–ื”.
06:25
I love that.
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06:26
Not rise to it, rise with it.
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ืœื ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืืœื™ื•, ืืœื ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืชื•.
06:30
"As our case is new,
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"ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืžืฆื‘ื ื• ื—ื“ืฉ,
06:32
so we must think anew and act anew.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ื’ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
06:38
We must disenthrall ourselves,
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ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื’ืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•
06:41
and then we shall save our country."
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ื•ื›ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืืจืฆื ื•."
06:44
I love that word, "disenthrall."
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช, "ืœื’ืื•ืœ".
06:46
You know what it means?
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื”?
06:48
That there are ideas that all of us are enthralled to,
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ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื,
06:51
which we simply take for granted as the natural order of things,
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ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ื
ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
06:54
the way things are.
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06:55
And many of our ideas have been formed,
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ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื•
ื ื•ืฆืจื•, ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื” ื–ื•,
06:58
not to meet the circumstances of this century,
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07:00
but to cope with the circumstances of previous centuries.
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ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช.
07:03
But our minds are still hypnotized by them,
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืคืฉื•ืชื™ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื•ืคื ื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ื”ื.
07:05
and we have to disenthrall ourselves of some of them.
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ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื’ืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืžื—ืœืงื.
07:08
Now, doing this is easier said than done.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
07:11
It's very hard to know, by the way, what it is you take for granted.
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ื.
07:14
And the reason is that you take it for granted.
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ื.
07:17
(Laughter)
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ืื– ืชืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืชื›ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•.
07:18
Let me ask you something you may take for granted.
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07:20
How many of you here are over the age of 25?
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ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ื ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 25?
07:23
That's not what you take for granted, I'm sure you're familiar with that.
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ืœื ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•.
ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืืช ื–ื” ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื.
07:27
Are there any people here under the age of 25?
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 25?
ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืœื” ืฉืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 25,
07:31
Great. Now, those over 25,
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07:33
could you put your hands up if you're wearing your wristwatch?
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืฉืขื•ืŸ-ื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื›ื, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื›ื?
ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื™ืชื ื•, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
07:37
Now that's a great deal of us, isn't it?
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07:39
Ask a room full of teenagers the same thing.
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ืชืฉืืœื• ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืฉืืœื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืžืœื ื‘ื‘ื ื™-ื ื•ืขืจ.
07:42
Teenagers do not wear wristwatches.
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ื‘ื ื™-ื ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื ื ืขื•ื ื“ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืŸ-ื™ื“.
07:44
I don't mean they can't,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืœื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื,
07:46
they just often choose not to.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืขื ื•ื“.
07:48
And the reason is we were brought up in a pre-digital culture,
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื’ื“ืœื ื•
ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ื-ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช, ืืœื” ืฉืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 25.
07:52
those of us over 25.
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07:53
And so for us, if you want to know the time,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•, ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืฉืขื”,
07:55
you have to wear something to tell it.
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ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืœื ื• ื–ืืช.
07:57
Kids now live in a world which is digitized,
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™,
08:00
and the time, for them, is everywhere.
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ื•ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
08:02
They see no reason to do this.
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ื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
08:04
And by the way, you don't need either;
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื’ื ืืชื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช;
08:06
it's just that you've always done it and you carry on doing it.
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ืจืง ืฉืืชื ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืฉื™ืชื ื–ืืช, ื•ืืชื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
08:09
My daughter never wears a watch, my daughter Kate, who's 20.
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ื‘ืชื™ ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืขื•ื ื“ืช ืฉืขื•ืŸ, ื‘ืชื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืช 20.
08:12
She doesn't see the point.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื•ืฆืืช ื‘ื›ืš ื˜ืขื.
08:13
As she says,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช, "ื–ื” ืจืง ื”ืชืงืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืื—ื“."
08:15
"It's a single-function device."
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08:17
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:22
"Like, how lame is that?"
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"ื›ื™ืื™ืœื•, ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ."
08:25
And I say, "No, no, it tells the date as well."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, "ืœื ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืจืื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืืจื™ืš."
08:27
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:32
"It has multiple functions."
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"ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช."
08:33
(Laughter)
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08:35
But, you see, there are things we're enthralled to in education.
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ืื– ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ื™ืฉื ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช.
08:39
A couple of examples.
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08:40
One of them is the idea of linearity:
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ื™ืืจื™ื•ืช,
08:43
that it starts here and you go through a track
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืืŸ, ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื,
08:46
and if you do everything right,
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ื•ืื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื
08:47
you will end up set for the rest of your life.
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ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
08:52
Everybody who's spoken at TED has told us implicitly,
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘-TED ืืžืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื™ืฃ,
08:54
or sometimes explicitly, a different story:
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจ, ื“ืจืš ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
08:57
that life is not linear; it's organic.
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ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืœื™ื ืืจื™ื™ื, ื”ื ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื™ื.
09:00
We create our lives symbiotically
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืกื™ืžื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™
09:02
as we explore our talents
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื•
09:04
in relation to the circumstances they help to create for us.
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ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•.
09:07
But, you know, we have become obsessed with this linear narrative.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืœื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื
ืขื ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืœื™ื ื™ืืจื™.
09:11
And probably the pinnacle for education is getting you to college.
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืคืกื’ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
ื–ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”.
09:15
I think we are obsessed with getting people to college.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”,
09:18
Certain sorts of college.
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ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”.
09:19
I don't mean you shouldn't go, but not everybody needs to go,
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ืื™ื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืœื›ืช,
09:22
or go now.
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ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
09:24
Maybe they go later, not right away.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ื™ืœื›ื• ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš, ืœื ืžื™ื™ื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
09:26
And I was up in San Francisco a while ago doing a book signing.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื” ื‘ืกืŸ-ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•
ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ืขื•ืชืงื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื™.
09:29
There was this guy buying a book, he was in his 30s.
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืื—ื“ ืฉืงื ื” ืกืคืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•.
09:32
I said, "What do you do?"
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ "ื‘ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“?"
09:34
And he said, "I'm a fireman."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”, "ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืื™."
09:37
I asked, "How long have you been a fireman?"
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™, "ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืืชื” ื›ื‘ืื™?"
09:39
"Always. I've always been a fireman."
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ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”, "ืชืžื™ื“, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื‘ืื™ ืชืžื™ื“."
ื•ืฉืืœืชื™, "ืžืชื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš?"
09:42
"Well, when did you decide?" He said, "As a kid.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”, "ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“. ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ,
09:44
Actually, it was a problem for me at school,
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09:46
because at school, everybody wanted to be a fireman."
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืื™."
09:49
(Laughter)
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืื™."
09:50
He said, "But I wanted to be a fireman."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš, "ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืฉื ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ,
09:53
And he said, "When I got to the senior year of school,
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09:55
my teachers didn't take it seriously.
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ืžื•ืจื™ื™ ืœื ื”ืชื™ื—ืกื• ืœื–ื” ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช.
09:58
This one teacher didn't take it seriously.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื” ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื ื”ืชื™ื—ืก ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช.
10:00
He said I was throwing my life away
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืืช ื—ื™ื™
10:02
if that's all I chose to do with it;
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ืื ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™,
10:04
that I should go to college, I should become a professional person,
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ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”, ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•,
10:07
that I had great potential
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
10:09
and I was wasting my talent to do that."
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ื•ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืืช ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื™ ื‘ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื–ื”."
10:11
He said, "It was humiliating.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืœ ื›ื™
10:12
It was in front of the whole class and I felt dreadful.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืชื”, ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ื ื•ืจื.
10:15
But it's what I wanted, and as soon as I left school,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™, ื•ืžื™ื™ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ,
10:17
I applied to the fire service and I was accepted.
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ื”ื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืœืฉืจื•ืชื™ ื›ื‘ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืงื‘ืœืชื™."
10:20
You know, I was thinking about that guy recently,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
10:22
just a few minutes ago when you were speaking, about this teacher,
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ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจืช, ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื”."
10:25
because six months ago, I saved his life."
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, "ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
ื”ืฆืœืชื™ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื•."
10:29
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ, "ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื,
10:32
He said, "He was in a car wreck, and I pulled him out, gave him CPR,
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ื—ื™ืœืฆืชื™ ืื•ืชื•, ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ืื”,
10:36
and I saved his wife's life as well."
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ื•ื”ืฆืœืชื™ ื’ื ืืช ืื™ืฉืชื•.
10:39
He said, "I think he thinks better of me now."
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ื‘ื˜ื— ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘."
10:41
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:43
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:49
You know, to me,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™,
10:51
human communities depend upon a diversity of talent,
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ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื”
ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช,
10:55
not a singular conception of ability.
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ืœื ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช.
10:58
And at the heart of our challenges --
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ื•ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื ื• --
11:00
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:02
At the heart of the challenge
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ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช
11:04
is to reconstitute our sense of ability and of intelligence.
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ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœื ื•
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื”.
11:08
This linearity thing is a problem.
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ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืœื™ื ืืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื”.
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืœ.ื.
11:11
When I arrived in L.A. about nine years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืชืฉืข ืฉื ื™ื,
11:14
I came across a policy statement --
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ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช,
ื‘ืขืœืช ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
11:18
very well-intentioned --
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11:19
which said, "College begins in kindergarten."
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ืฉืืžืจื”, "ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื’ืŸ-ื™ืœื“ื™ื."
11:24
No, it doesn't.
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ืœื, ื”ื™ื ืœื.
11:25
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:29
It doesn't.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื.
11:31
If we had time, I could go into this, but we don't.
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ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืคืจื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื•.
11:34
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:36
Kindergarten begins in kindergarten.
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ื’ืŸ-ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื’ืŸ-ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
11:38
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืืžืจ ืคืขื,
11:41
A friend of mine once said,
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11:42
"A three year-old is not half a six year-old."
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"ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื‘ืŸ ืฉืฉ."
11:45
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:47
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:52
They're three.
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ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.
11:53
But as we just heard in this last session,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื–ื”,
11:55
there's such competition now to get into kindergarten --
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ื™ืฉ ื›ื–ืืช ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื’ื ื™-ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
11:59
to get to the right kindergarten --
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื’ืŸ-ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
12:01
that people are being interviewed for it at three.
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ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื™ืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.
ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชืจืฉืžื™ื,
12:07
Kids sitting in front of unimpressed panels,
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ืขื ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
12:09
you know, with their resumes --
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12:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:13
Flicking through and saying, "What, this is it?"
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ืžื“ืคื“ืคื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื•ืฉื•ืืœื™ื, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืื ื–ื”ื• ื–ื”?"
12:15
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:17
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:20
"You've been around for 36 months, and this is it?"
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"ืืชื” ื—ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ 36 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ?"
12:23
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:30
"You've achieved nothing -- commit.
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"ืœื ื”ืฉื’ืช ื›ืœื•ื.
12:32
(Laughter)
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12:33
Spent the first six months breastfeeding, I can see."
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ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ืงื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื–ืืช."
12:36
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:41
See, it's outrageous as a conception.
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ืชืจืื•, ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืงื•ืžืžืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืื ืฉื™ื.
12:44
The other big issue is conformity.
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ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช.
12:46
We have built our education systems on the model of fast food.
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ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœื ื•
ืœืคื™ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ.
12:50
This is something Jamie Oliver talked about the other day.
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ื’'ื™ื™ืžื™ ืื•ืœื™ื•ื•ืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
12:53
There are two models of quality assurance in catering.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื›ื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื’.
ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ,
12:56
One is fast food, where everything is standardized.
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืชืงืŸ ืื—ื™ื“.
12:59
The other is like Zagat and Michelin restaurants,
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ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื’ืื˜ ืืช ืžื™ืฉืœื™ืŸ,
13:01
where everything is not standardized,
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ืฉืฉื ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืชืงืŸ,
13:03
they're customized to local circumstances.
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ื”ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืœื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช.
13:05
And we have sold ourselves into a fast-food model of education,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ืจื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ.
13:08
and it's impoverishing our spirit and our energies
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื“ืœืœ ืืช ืจื•ื—ื ื• ื•ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
13:11
as much as fast food is depleting our physical bodies.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืžื›ืœื” ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:15
(Applause)
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ืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
13:21
We have to recognize a couple of things here.
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ืื—ื“ ื–ื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ.
13:23
One is that human talent is tremendously diverse.
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13:25
People have very different aptitudes.
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
13:27
I worked out recently that I was given a guitar as a kid
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืžืกืงื ื”
ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื’ื™ื˜ืจื”
13:31
at about the same time that Eric Clapton got his first guitar.
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืจื™ืง ืงืœืคื˜ื•ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื•.
13:34
(Laughter)
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13:35
It worked out for Eric, that's all I'm saying.
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื–ื” ืขืœื” ื™ืคื” ืขื ืืจื™ืง, ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ.
13:38
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:39
In a way --
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ืžืื™ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืื™ืชื™.
13:41
it did not for me.
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13:42
I could not get this thing to work
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ืœื ื™ื›ืœืชื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ,
13:45
no matter how often or how hard I blew into it.
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืื• ื›ืžื” ื—ื–ืง ื ืฉืคืชื™ ืœืชื•ื›ื•.
13:47
It just wouldn't work.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืขื‘ื“.
13:49
(Laughter)
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื–ื”.
13:53
But it's not only about that.
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13:54
It's about passion.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืชืฉื•ืงื”.
13:56
Often, people are good at things they don't really care for.
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
ืฉืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืื›ืคืช ืœื”ื ืžื”ื. ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืงื”,
13:59
It's about passion,
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14:00
and what excites our spirit and our energy.
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ื•ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ืจื•ื—ื ื• ื•ืืช ื”ืžืจืฅ ืฉื‘ื ื•.
14:03
And if you're doing the thing that you love to do, that you're good at,
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ื•ืื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื•,
14:06
time takes a different course entirely.
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืชืคื ื™ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™.
14:09
My wife's just finished writing a novel,
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ืื™ืฉืชื™ ืกื™ื™ืžื” ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืจื•ืžืŸ,
14:11
and I think it's a great book,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืกืคืจ ื ื”ื“ืจ,
14:14
but she disappears for hours on end.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื ืขืœืžืช ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืขื•ืช.
14:17
You know this, if you're doing something you love,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ื–ื”, ืื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžื” ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื,
14:19
an hour feels like five minutes.
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ืฉืขื” ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืžื• ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช.
14:22
If you're doing something that doesn't resonate with your spirit,
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ืื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื•,
ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ื ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืขื”.
14:25
five minutes feels like an hour.
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14:26
And the reason so many people are opting out of education
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืคืœื˜ื™ื ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
14:29
is because it doesn't feed their spirit,
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžื–ื™ื ื” ืืช ืจื•ื—ื,
14:31
it doesn't feed their energy or their passion.
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ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžื–ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืื• ืืช ืชืฉื•ืงืชื.
ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื.
14:35
So I think we have to change metaphors.
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14:37
We have to go from what is essentially an industrial model of education,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
ืžื•ื“ืœ ื™ืฆืจื ื™,
14:41
a manufacturing model,
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14:42
which is based on linearity and conformity and batching people.
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ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืœื™ื ืืจื™ื•ืช,
ืขืœ ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืงื™ื˜ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
14:47
We have to move to a model
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžื•ื“ืœ
14:49
that is based more on principles of agriculture.
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ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช.
14:52
We have to recognize
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืคืจื™ื—ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
14:53
that human flourishing is not a mechanical process;
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ืื™ื ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื›ื ื™,
14:57
it's an organic process.
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ืืœื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื•ืจื’ื ื™.
14:59
And you cannot predict the outcome of human development.
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ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช;
ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืื™ื›ืจ,
15:03
All you can do, like a farmer, is create the conditions
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ื–ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื
15:05
under which they will begin to flourish.
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ื”ืื“ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคืจื•ื—.
15:08
So when we look at reforming education and transforming it,
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ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
15:11
it isn't like cloning a system.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช.
15:14
There are great ones, like KIPP's; it's a great system.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืงื™ืคืก.
15:16
There are many great models.
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ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
15:18
It's about customizing to your circumstances
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ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืืžื” ืœื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช,
15:21
and personalizing education to the people you're actually teaching.
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ื•ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ืชื•ืŸ.
15:25
And doing that, I think, is the answer to the future
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ื•ืื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ืžืขื ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“
15:28
because it's not about scaling a new solution;
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ;
15:32
it's about creating a movement in education
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ืืœื ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช
15:34
in which people develop their own solutions,
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ืืฉืจ ื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืคื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื,
15:37
but with external support based on a personalized curriculum.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
15:40
Now in this room,
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ื‘ืื•ืœื ื–ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
15:42
there are people who represent extraordinary resources in business,
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ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื
ืชื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื,
15:46
in multimedia, in the Internet.
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ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
15:48
These technologies,
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•,
15:50
combined with the extraordinary talents of teachers,
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ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื”ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื™ื,
15:53
provide an opportunity to revolutionize education.
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ืžืขื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื”ืคื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
15:56
And I urge you to get involved in it
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ืื ื™ ืžืคืฆื™ืจ ื‘ื›ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื ื‘ื–ื”
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™, ืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•,
15:59
because it's vital, not just to ourselves, but to the future of our children.
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ืืœื ืœืขืชื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•.
16:02
But we have to change from the industrial model
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™
ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™,
16:05
to an agricultural model,
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16:06
where each school can be flourishing tomorrow.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืจื•ื— ืžื—ืจ.
16:09
That's where children experience life.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
16:11
Or at home, if that's what they choose,
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ืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ืื ืฉื ื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื
16:13
to be educated with their families or friends.
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ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื.
16:15
There's been a lot of talk about dreams over the course of these few days.
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ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช
ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
16:20
And I wanted to just very quickly --
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ื•ืจืง ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช --
16:22
I was very struck by Natalie Merchant's songs last night,
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ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืชืจืฉืžืชื™ ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื˜ืœื™ ืžืจืฆ'ื ื˜ ืืžืฉ,
16:25
recovering old poems.
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ื”ืžืขืœื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื.
16:27
I wanted to read you a quick, very short poem
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื›ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืจ ืงืฆืจ
16:29
from W. B. Yeats, who some of you may know.
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ืžืืช ื•.ื‘. ื™ื™ื˜ืก, ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื›ื.
16:32
He wrote this to his love, Maud Gonne,
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ื–ืืช ืœืื”ื•ื‘ืชื•,
ืžืืื•ื“ ื’ื•ื ื”,
16:36
and he was bewailing the fact
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš
16:39
that he couldn't really give her what he thought she wanted from him.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื” ืžื” ืฉืœื“ืขืชื• ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืžืžื ื•.
16:42
And he says, "I've got something else, but it may not be for you."
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, "ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš."
16:45
He says this:
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ:
16:47
"Had I the heavens' embroidered cloths,
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"ืื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืืจื™ื’ื™ ื’ืŸ-ืขื“ืŸ ืจืงื•ืžื™ื,
16:50
Enwrought with gold and silver light,
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ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฆื™ื ื‘ื–ื”ื‘
ื•ื‘ื›ืกืฃ,
16:54
The blue and the dim and the dark cloths
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ื”ืืจื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื
ื•ื”ืขืžื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื”ื™ื
16:58
Of night and light and the half-light,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ื™ื•ื ื•ืฉืขืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื,
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืคื•ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื ืชื—ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื™ืš;
17:02
I would spread the cloths under your feet:
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื•ื›ื™, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ืขื ื™,
17:05
But I, being poor, have only my dreams;
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืจืง ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช;
17:10
I have spread my dreams under your feet;
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ืคืจืฉืชื™ ืืช ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื™ ืœืจื’ืœื™ื™ืš;
ื“ื™ืจื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช
17:14
Tread softly
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17:15
because you tread on my dreams."
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืช ื“ื•ืจื›ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื™."
17:18
And every day, everywhere,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
17:20
our children spread their dreams beneath our feet.
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ื™ืœื“ื ื• ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืจื’ืœื™ื ื•.
17:24
And we should tread softly.
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ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืจื•ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
17:27
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”
17:28
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
17:32
Thank you very much.
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17:33
(Applause)
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17:37
Thank you.
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17:38
(Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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