Alison Killing: There’s a better way to die, and architecture can help

Prevoditelj: Anonymous Contributor Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG

I'd like to tell you a story about death and architecture.

Želim vam ispričati priču o smrti i arhitekturi.

A hundred years ago, we tended to die of infectious diseases like pneumonia,

Prije sto godina, često smo umirali od zaraznih bolesti, kao što je upala pluća,

that, if they took hold, would take us away quite quickly.

koje bi nam, kada bi nas uhvatile, ubrzo oduzele život.

We tended to die at home, in our own beds, looked after by family,

Pretežno smo umirali u svom domu, u krevetima dok se obitelj brinula o nama,

although that was the default option

iako je to bilo dosta često

because a lot of people lacked access to medical care.

jer puno ljudi nije imalo pristup zdravstvenoj njezi.

And then in the 20th century a lot of things changed.

I onda se u 20. stoljeću puno stvari promijenilo.

We developed new medicines like penicillin

Razvili smo nove lijekove, kao što je penicilin

so we could treat those infectious diseases.

kako bismo mogli liječiti zarazne bolesti.

New medical technologies like x-ray machines were invented.

Izumljeni su novi medicinski aparati, kao što je rendgen.

And because they were so big and expensive,

Zbog toga što su bili veliki i skupi,

we needed large, centralized buildings to keep them in,

trebali smo velike, centralizirane zgrade u kojima bi ih držali,

and they became our modern hospitals.

koje su postale naše moderne bolnice.

After the Second World War,

Nakon II. svjetskog rata,

a lot of countries set up universal healthcare systems

puno je zemalja postavilo opće zdravstvene ustanove

so that everyone who needed treatment could get it.

kako bi svi koji ga trebaju, imali pristup liječenju.

The result was that lifespans extended from about 45 at the start of the century

Zbog toga se životni vijek produljio s oko 45 godina na početku stoljeća

to almost double that today.

na skoro dvostruko više danas.

The 20th century was this time of huge optimism about what science could offer,

20. stoljeće je bilo vrijeme ogromnog optimizma

oko znanosti i mogućnosti koje nam nudi,

but with all of the focus on life, death was forgotten,

ali zbog cijelog fokusa oko života, smrt je bila zaboravljena,

even as our approach to death changed dramatically.

iako se naš pristup smrti promijenio dramatično.

Now, I'm an architect,

Ja sam arhitekt,

and for the past year and a half I've been looking at these changes

i tijekom prošlih godinu i pol sam promatrala ove promjene

i što to znači za arhitekturu povezanu za smrt i umiranje.

and at what they mean for architecture related to death and dying.

We now tend to die of cancer and heart disease,

Sada često umiremo od raka i bolesti srca,

and what that means is that many of us will have a long period of chronic illness

što znači da će mnogi od nas imati duga razdoblja kroničnih bolesti

at the end of our lives.

na kraju naših života.

During that period,

Kroz taj period,

we'll likely spend a lot of time in hospitals and hospices and care homes.

najvjerojatnije ćemo provesti puno vremena u bolnicama, domovima za nemoćne i njegu.

Now, we've all been in a modern hospital.

Svi smo bili u modernoj bolnici.

You know those fluorescent lights and the endless corridors

Znate za fluorescentna svjetla i beskrajne hodnike

and those rows of uncomfortable chairs.

i za redove neudobnih stolica.

Hospital architecture has earned its bad reputation.

Arhitektura bolnica je zaradila svoj loš ugled.

But the surprising thing is, it wasn't always like this.

Ali, iznenađujuće je to, da nije oduvijek bilo ovako.

This is L'Ospedale degli Innocenti, built in 1419 by Brunelleschi,

Ovo je L'Ospedale degli Innocenti, izgrađena 1419. od strane Brunelleschija,

who was one of the most famous and influential architects of his time.

koji je bio jedan od najpoznatijih i najutjecajnijih arhitekta u tom vremenu.

And when I look at this building and then think about hospitals today,

I kada gledam ovu zgradu i onda pomislim na današnje bolnice,

what amazes me is this building's ambition.

zadivljuje me ambicija ove zgrade.

It's just a really great building.

To je jednostavno stvarno sjajna zgrada.

It has these courtyards in the middle

Ima ta dvorišta u sredini

so that all of the rooms have daylight and fresh air,

Tako da sve sobe imaju dnevno svjetlo i svjež zrak,

and the rooms are big and they have high ceilings,

te su sobe velike i imaju visoke stropove,

so they just feel more comfortable to be in.

tako da je udobnije biti u njima.

And it's also beautiful.

I još je prekrasna.

Somehow, we've forgotten that that's even possible for a hospital.

Nekako smo zaboravili da je to uopće moguće za jednu bolnicu.

Now, if we want better buildings for dying, then we have to talk about it,

Ako želimo bolje bolnice za umiranje, onda moramo o tome pričati,

but because we find the subject of death uncomfortable,

ali samu temu smrti smatramo neugodnom,

we don't talk about it,

ne razgovaramo o tome,

and we don't question how we as a society approach death.

i ne propitujemo kako se mi, kao društvo, nosimo sa smrću.

One of the things that surprised me most in my research, though,

Jedna od stvari koja me je iznenadila najviše je

is how changeable attitudes actually are.

koliko su zapravo promjenjivi stavovi.

This is the first crematorium in the U.K.,

Ovo je prvi krematorij u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu,

which was built in Woking in the 1870s.

koji je izgrađen u Wokingu 1870-ih.

And when this was first built, there were protests in the local village.

I kada je prvi put izgrađen, izbili su prosvjedi u lokalnom selu.

Cremation wasn't socially acceptable, and 99.8 percent of people got buried.

Kremiranje nije bilo društveno i 99,8 % ljudi je bilo zakopano.

And yet, only a hundred years later, three quarters of us get cremated.

Pa opet, samo sto godina kasnije, tri četvrtine nas biva kremirano.

People are actually really open to changing things

Ljudi su zapravo jako otvoreni prema promjenama

ako im je dana šansa da razgovaraju o tome.

if they're given the chance to talk about them.

So this conversation about death and architecture

Ovaj razgovor o smrti i arhitekturi

was what I wanted to start when I did my first exhibition on it

je s čim sam htjela započeti kada sam napravila prvu izložbu o tome

in Venice in June, which was called "Death in Venice."

u Veneciji u lipnju, koja se zove "Smrt u Veneciji."

It was designed to be quite playful

Osmišljena je da bude prilično zaigrana

so that people would literally engage with it.

da se ljudi doslovno angažiraju u njoj.

This is one of our exhibits, which is an interactive map of London

Ovo je jedan od naših izložaka, a to je interaktivna karta Londona

that shows just how much of the real estate in the city

koja pokazuje koliko nekretnina u gradu

is given over to death and dying,

služe našoj smrti i umiranju,

and as you wave your hand across the map,

i mahanjem ruke preko karte,

the name of that piece of real estate, the building or cemetery, is revealed.

imena tih nekretnina, zgrada ili groblja, se otkrivaju.

Another of our exhibits was a series of postcards

Još jedan od naših izložaka je niz razglednica,

that people could take away with them.

koje ljudi mogu uzeti sa sobom.

And they showed people's homes and hospitals

I na njima su domovi i bolnice

and cemeteries and mortuaries,

i groblja i mrtvačnice

and they tell the story of the different spaces

i pričaju priče tih različitih prostora

that we pass through on either side of death.

kroz koje prolazimo na jednoj ili drugoj strani smrti.

We wanted to show that where we die

Htjeli smo pokazati da gdje umiremo

is a key part of how we die.

je ključni dio načina na koji umiremo.

Now, the strangest thing was the way that visitors reacted to the exhibition,

Najčudniji je bio način na koji su posjetitelji reagirali na izložbu,

especially the audio-visual works.

pogotovo na zvučno-vizualna djela.

We had people dancing and running and jumping

Bilo je ljudi koji su plesali i trčali i skakali

as they tried to activate the exhibits in different ways,

pokušavajući aktivirati izloške na različite načine,

and at a certain point they would kind of stop

i u određenom trenutku nekako bi stali

and remember that they were in an exhibition about death,

i prisjetili se da su na izložbi o smrti,

and that maybe that's not how you're supposed to act.

i da to možda nije način na koji bi se trebali ponašati.

But actually, I would question whether there is one way

Ipak, htjela bih pitati postoji li način

that you're supposed to act around death,

na koji bi se trebali ponašati oko smrti,

and if there's not, I'd ask you to think about what you think a good death is,

i ako ne postoji, onda vam savjetujem da razmišljate što je dobra smrt,

and what you think that architecture that supports a good death might be like,

i kakva bi arhitektura koja uzdržava dobru smrt mogla biti,

and mightn't it be a little less like this and a little more like this?

i ne bi li mogla biti malo manje ovakva, a malo više ovakva?

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)