Jane Chen: A warm embrace that saves lives

128,152 views ・ 2010-01-28

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Translator: Raquel Senra Fernández Reviewer: Serv. de Norm. Lingüística U. de Santiago de Compostela
00:15
Please close your eyes,
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Pechade os ollos
00:18
and open your hands.
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e abride as mans.
00:21
Now imagine what you could place in your hands:
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Imaxinade o que collería nelas:
00:24
an apple, maybe your wallet.
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unha mazá, quizais a carteira...
00:27
Now open your eyes.
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Abride os ollos.
00:29
What about a life?
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E unha vida?
00:31
What you see here is a premature baby.
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O que vedes é un bebé prematuro.
00:33
He looks like he's resting peacefully, but in fact he's struggling to stay alive
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Parece que descansa tranquilamente, mais loita pola súa vida
00:36
because he can't regulate his own body temperature.
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porque non pode regular a temperatura corporal.
00:39
This baby is so tiny he doesn't have
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É tan pequeno que non ten
00:41
enough fat on his body to stay warm.
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graxa dabondo para manter a calor.
00:43
Sadly, 20 million babies like this
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Por desgraza, 20 millóns destes bebés
00:46
are born every year around the world.
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nacen cada ano en todo o mundo.
00:49
Four million of these babies die annually.
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Catro millóns deles morren cada ano.
00:51
But the bigger problem is that the ones who do survive
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O maior problema é que os que sobreviven
00:54
grow up with severe, long-term health problems.
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medran con graves problemas de saúde a longo prazo.
00:57
The reason is because in the first month of a baby's life,
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Isto débese a que no primeiro mes da vida humana,
01:00
its only job is to grow.
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á única tarefa é medrar.
01:02
If it's battling hypothermia, its organs can't develop normally,
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Se combate a hipotermia, os órganos non se poden desenvolver
01:05
resulting in a range of health problems
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e así xorden unha variedade de problemas
01:07
from diabetes, to heart disease,
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como a diabetes, doenzas cardíacas
01:09
to low I.Q.
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ou un coeficiente intelectual baixo.
01:11
Imagine: Many of these problems could be prevented
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Imaxinade que moitos destes problemas puidesen evitarse
01:14
if these babies were just kept warm.
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se mantivésemos a estes bebés quentes.
01:17
That is the primary function of an incubator.
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Esa é a función principal da incubadora,
01:19
But traditional incubators require electricity
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mais a tradicional precisa electricidade
01:21
and cost up to 20 thousand dollars.
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e custa ata 20 mil dólares.
01:24
So, you're not going to find them in rural areas of developing countries.
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Nas zonas rurais dos países en vías de desenvolvemento non as teñen.
01:27
As a result, parents resort to local solutions
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Entón, os pais recorren a solucións locais
01:30
like tying hot water bottles around their babies' bodies,
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como rodear os bebés con bolsas de auga quente
01:33
or placing them under light bulbs like the ones you see here --
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ou colocalos baixo lámpadas coma estas...
01:36
methods that are both ineffective and unsafe.
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Estes métodos non son eficaces nin seguros.
01:39
I've seen this firsthand over and over again.
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Puiden velo unha chea de veces.
01:42
On one of my first trips to India, I met this young woman, Sevitha,
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Nunha das primeiras viaxes á India, coñecín a Sevitha,
01:45
who had just given birth to a tiny premature baby, Rani.
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unha moza que dera a luz a Rani, un bebé prematuro e diminuto.
01:49
She took her baby to the nearest village clinic,
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Levouno á clínica da vila máis próxima
01:52
and the doctor advised her to take Rani
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e o doutor aconsellou levalo
01:54
to a city hospital so she could be placed in an incubator.
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ao hospital da cidade para metelo na incubadora.
01:58
But that hospital was over four hours away,
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Pero este hospital quedaba a 4 horas
02:01
and Sevitha didn't have the means to get there,
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e Sevitha non tiña os medios para ir,
02:04
so her baby died.
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así que o seu bebé morreu.
02:06
Inspired by this story, and dozens of other similar stories like this,
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Inspirados por esta historia e por moitas outras similares,
02:09
my team and I realized what was needed was a local solution,
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o meu equipo decatouse de que se precisaba unha solución local,
02:12
something that could work without electricity,
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algo que funcionase sen electricidade,
02:14
that was simple enough for a mother or a midwife to use,
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doado de usar para unha nai ou comadroa,
02:17
given that the majority of births still take place in the home.
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xa que moitos bebés continúan nacendo nas casas.
02:20
We needed something that was portable,
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Algo que fose portátil,
02:22
something that could be sterilized and reused across multiple babies
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que puidese esterilizarse e reutilizarse,
02:25
and something ultra-low-cost,
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e de moi baixo custo
02:27
compared to the 20,000 dollars
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comparado cos 20 mil dólares
02:29
that an incubator in the U.S. costs.
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que unha incubadora custa nos EE. UU.
02:32
So, this is what we came up with.
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E isto é o que creamos.
02:34
What you see here looks nothing like an incubator.
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Nada que ver cunha incubadora,
02:36
It looks like a small sleeping bag for a baby.
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parece un saco de durmir,
02:39
You can open it up completely. It's waterproof.
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podes abrilo de todo, é impermeable,
02:42
There's no seams inside so you can sterilize it very easily.
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non ten costuras, así que é doado de esterilizar.
02:45
But the magic is in this pouch of wax.
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Pero o truco está nesta bolsa de cera.
02:49
This is a phase-change material.
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É un material que cambia de fase.
02:51
It's a wax-like substance with a melting point
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A substancia é parecida á cera e derrete
02:53
of human body temperature, 37 degrees Celsius.
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aos 37 ºC, a temperatura corporal humana.
02:56
You can melt this simply using hot water
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Derrete con auga quente
02:59
and then when it melts it's able to maintain one constant temperature
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e unha vez derretida mantén unha temperatura constante
03:03
for four to six hours at a time,
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durante 4 ou 6 horas
03:05
after which you simply reheat the pouch.
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e despois volves quentar a bolsa.
03:08
So, you then place it into this little pocket back here,
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Colócala neste peto traseiro
03:15
and it creates a warm micro-environment
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e crea un microclima cálido
03:17
for the baby.
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para o bebé.
03:20
Looks simple, but we've reiterated this dozens of times
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Parece sinxelo pero repetímolo moitas veces.
03:24
by going into the field to talk to doctors, moms and clinicians
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Falamos con doutores, nais e médicos clínicos
03:27
to ensure that this really meets the needs of the local communities.
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para cumprir as necesidades das comunidades locais.
03:30
We plan to launch this product in India in 2010,
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Queremos presentalo na India en 2010
03:33
and the target price point will be 25 dollars,
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e o prezo é de 25 dólares,
03:37
less than 0.1 percent of the cost
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menos do 0,1% do custo
03:39
of a traditional incubator.
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dunha incubadora tradicional.
03:42
Over the next five years we hope to save the lives
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En 5 anos esperamos salvar as vidas
03:44
of almost a million babies.
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de case un millón de bebés.
03:46
But the longer-term social impact is a reduction in population growth.
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O impacto a longo prazo é a redución do crecemento demográfico.
03:49
This seems counterintuitive,
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Parece contraditorio
03:51
but turns out that as infant mortality is reduced,
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pero ao reducir a mortalidade infantil,
03:54
population sizes also decrease,
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tamén diminúe a poboación,
03:56
because parents don't need to anticipate
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xa que os pais non teñen que prever
03:58
that their babies are going to die.
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que os seus bebés van morrer.
04:00
We hope that the Embrace infant warmer
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Esperamos que o quentador Aperta
04:03
and other simple innovations like this
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e outras innovacións parecidas
04:05
represent a new trend for the future of technology:
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creen tendencia no futuro da tecnoloxía:
04:09
simple, localized, affordable solutions
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solucións doadas, adaptadas e accesibles
04:12
that have the potential to make huge social impact.
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que teñan un efecto enorme na sociedade.
04:15
In designing this we followed a few basic principles.
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Para o deseño seguimos uns principios básicos:
04:18
We really tried to understand the end user,
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tratamos de entender ao usuario final,
04:20
in this case, people like Sevitha.
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neste caso, xente como Sevitha,
04:23
We tried to understand the root of the problem
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tratamos de entender a raíz do problema
04:25
rather than being biased by what already exists.
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e non condicionarnos polo que xa existe,
04:28
And then we thought of the most simple solution we could
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e logo pensamos na solución máis sinxela
04:31
to address this problem.
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para abordar este problema.
04:33
In doing this, I believe we can truly bring technology to the masses.
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Coido que realmente podemos achegar a tecnoloxía ás masas.
04:37
And we can save millions of lives through the simple warmth of an Embrace.
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E podemos salvar millóns de vidas grazas á calor dunha Aperta.
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