Jane Chen: A warm embrace that saves lives

Translator: Gulnoza Yakubova Reviewer: Nafissa Yakubova

Please close your eyes,

Iltimos, ko'zinglarni yuminglar

and open your hands.

va qo'llaringlarni ochinglar.

Now imagine what you could place in your hands:

Qo'llaringizga nimani joylay olishingizni tasavvur qiling:

an apple, maybe your wallet.

olma, balki hamyoningizdir.

Now open your eyes.

Endi esa ko'zinglarni ochinglar.

What about a life?

Hayotnichi? joylashtira olasizlarmi?

What you see here is a premature baby.

Hozir ko'rib turganingiz barvaqt tug'ilgan go'dak.

He looks like he's resting peacefully, but in fact he's struggling to stay alive

Ko'rinishidan u hotirjam yotgan tuyuladi, aslida esa u hayot uchun kurashayapti,

because he can't regulate his own body temperature.

chunki u tana haroratini boshqara olmaydi.

This baby is so tiny he doesn't have

Chaqaloq shu qadar kichkinaki,

enough fat on his body to stay warm.

tanasini iliq holda saqlashi uchun organizmida yetarli yog' yo'q.

Sadly, 20 million babies like this

Shunisi achinarliki, har yili dunyo bo'ylab

are born every year around the world.

shunga o'hshash 20 million chaqaloqlar tug'iladi.

Four million of these babies die annually.

Har yili shu chaqaloqlarning 4 millioni vafot etadi.

But the bigger problem is that the ones who do survive

Lekin bundanda kattaroq muammo shuki shu vaziyatlardan yengib o'tib yashayotgan chaqaloqlar

grow up with severe, long-term health problems.

murakkab, uzoq muddatga cho'ziladigan sog'liq muammolari bilan o'sadilar.

The reason is because in the first month of a baby's life,

Chunki chaqaloqning hayotidagi birinchi oyda

its only job is to grow.

uning yagona vazifasi o'sishdir.

If it's battling hypothermia, its organs can't develop normally,

Agar u gipotermiya bilan kurashayotgan bo'lsa, uning organlari normal holatda rivojlana olmaydi.

resulting in a range of health problems

Bu esa diabetdan yurak kasalliklarigacha,

from diabetes, to heart disease,

hattoki zaif ilmiy qobiliyat kabi

to low I.Q.

sog'liq muammolarini keltirb chiqaradi.

Imagine: Many of these problems could be prevented

Agar shu chaqaloqlar issiq holatda saqlansa,

if these babies were just kept warm.

bu muammolarning ko'pchiligining oldini olsak bo'ladi.

That is the primary function of an incubator.

Bu esa inkubatorning asosiy vazifasi.

But traditional incubators require electricity

Lekin an'anaviy inkubatorlar uchun elektr kerak

and cost up to 20 thousand dollars.

va ularning narxi 20 ming dollargacha boradi.

So, you're not going to find them in rural areas of developing countries.

Shunaqa ekan, rivojlanayotgan davlatlarning qishloq joylarida bularni topolmaysiz.

As a result, parents resort to local solutions

Natijada, ota onalar mahalliy usullarni qo'llaydilar,

like tying hot water bottles around their babies' bodies,

masalan, go'daklarining badanlariga issiq suv quyilgan shishalarni o'raydialr

or placing them under light bulbs like the ones you see here --

yoki mana bu yerda ko'rib turganingiz kabi chaqaloqlarni elektr lampalarining tagiga qo'yishdir-

methods that are both ineffective and unsafe.

bu usullar foydasiz va havflidir.

I've seen this firsthand over and over again.

Men buni birinchi marta takror-takror ko'rganman.

On one of my first trips to India, I met this young woman, Sevitha,

Hindistonga bo'lgan birinchi sayohatimda, Sevita ismli bu yosh ayolni uchratdim.

who had just given birth to a tiny premature baby, Rani.

Uning barvaqt tug'ilgan kichkina chaqalog'i, Rani, yaqindagina dunyoga kelgandi.

She took her baby to the nearest village clinic,

U chaqalog'ini yaqin atrofdagi qishloq shifoxonasiga olib bordi.

and the doctor advised her to take Rani

Shifokorlar esa Ranini inkubatorga joylashtirish uchun

to a city hospital so she could be placed in an incubator.

shahar shifoxonasiga olib borishni tavsiya qilishdi.

But that hospital was over four hours away,

Ammo, u shifoxona to'rt soatdan ham ortiqroq masofada edi.

and Sevitha didn't have the means to get there,

Sevitaning u yerga boradigan hech qanday transport vositasi yoki mablag'i yo'q edi,

so her baby died.

shu bois chaqaloq hayotdan ko'z yumdi.

Inspired by this story, and dozens of other similar stories like this,

Shu va shu kabi ko'plab voqealardan o'rnak olib,

my team and I realized what was needed was a local solution,

mening guruhim va men bu muammoga mahalliy yechim kerakligini anglab yetdik.

something that could work without electricity,

Elektrsiz ishlaydigan,

that was simple enough for a mother or a midwife to use,

ona yoki uy bekasi osongina foydalana oladigan asbob kerak,

given that the majority of births still take place in the home.

sababi hali ham, ko'pchilik go'daklar uylarida tu'gilishadi.

We needed something that was portable,

Bizga qulay hajmda bo'lgan,

something that could be sterilized and reused across multiple babies

sterillab, bir necha go'daklar uchun qayta ishlatsa bo'ladigan

and something ultra-low-cost,

va AQSHdagi 20,000 dollarlik

compared to the 20,000 dollars

inkubatorga nisbatan

that an incubator in the U.S. costs.

juda ham arzon narxdagi asbob kerak edi.

So, this is what we came up with.

Xullas, biz mana buni o'ylab topdik.

What you see here looks nothing like an incubator.

Bu yerda ko'rib turganingiz inkubatorga aslo o'xshamaydi.

It looks like a small sleeping bag for a baby.

Bu go'dakning uhlashi uchun mo'ljallangan kichkina sumkaga o'xshaydi.

You can open it up completely. It's waterproof.

Buni to'liq ochishingiz mumkin. Bu suv o'tkazmaslik hususiyatiga ega.

There's no seams inside so you can sterilize it very easily.

Ichki qismida qatlamlari yo'q, bu esa sterillash uchun oson bo'ladi.

But the magic is in this pouch of wax.

Lekin, buning siri mana bu parafinli sumkada.

This is a phase-change material.

Bu agregati o'zgaruvchi material.

It's a wax-like substance with a melting point

Bu parafinga o'xshash modda,

of human body temperature, 37 degrees Celsius.

inson tana haroratida, ya'ni 37 daraja Celsiy da, erish hususiyatiga ega.

You can melt this simply using hot water

Siz buni oddiygina issiq suv bilan eritishingiz mumkin.

and then when it melts it's able to maintain one constant temperature

Erigandan so'ng, bir paytning o'zida 4-6 soatgacha

for four to six hours at a time,

muntazam bir hil haroratni saqlab tura oladi.

after which you simply reheat the pouch.

So'ngra, parafinli sumkani qayta isitasiz.

So, you then place it into this little pocket back here,

Bu yerdagi kichkina cho'ntakka joylashtirasiz

and it creates a warm micro-environment

va u chaqaloq uchun iliq

for the baby.

mikro-muhit hosil qiladi.

Looks simple, but we've reiterated this dozens of times

Ko'rinishidan soddagina, lekin biz bir necha marta

by going into the field to talk to doctors, moms and clinicians

bu sohadagi shifokorlar va onalar bilan maslahatlashdik.

to ensure that this really meets the needs of the local communities.

Bu mahalliy xalqning ehtiyojlariga mos bo'lishi uchun hamma harakatlarni qildik.

We plan to launch this product in India in 2010,

Bu mahsulotni Hindistonda 2010 yilda ishga tushirishni rejalashtiryapmiz.

and the target price point will be 25 dollars,

Narhi 25 dollar bo'ladi,

less than 0.1 percent of the cost

ya'ni bu an'anaviy inkubator

of a traditional incubator.

narxining 0.1 foizidir.

Over the next five years we hope to save the lives

Keyingi besh yil ichida, umid qilamizki

of almost a million babies.

deyarli million chaqaloqning hayotini saqlay olamiz.

But the longer-term social impact is a reduction in population growth.

Ammo, uzoq muddatli ijtimoiy ta'sir aholi o'sishini kamaytirishni maqsad qilgan.

This seems counterintuitive,

Bu esa hissiyotga qarshi tuyuladi,

but turns out that as infant mortality is reduced,

lekin chaqaloqlarning vafot etishi kamaygan sari,

population sizes also decrease,

aholi soni ham kamayadi,

because parents don't need to anticipate

chunki ota-onalar chaqaloqlarini

that their babies are going to die.

vafot etish ehtimolligini o'ylamaydilar.

We hope that the Embrace infant warmer

Chaqaloqlarni isituvchi asbob va

and other simple innovations like this

shunga o'xshash oddiy ixtirolar

represent a new trend for the future of technology:

kelasi texnologiya uchun yangi yo'nalish namoyon qiladi, deb umid qilamiz:

simple, localized, affordable solutions

sodda, mahhaliy, arzon yechimlar

that have the potential to make huge social impact.

ulkan ijtimoiy ta'sirga ega bo'lish hususiyatiga ega.

In designing this we followed a few basic principles.

Buni tuzishda, biz asosiy qoidalarga rioya qildik.

We really tried to understand the end user,

Biz Sevita kabi foydalanuvchilarni

in this case, people like Sevitha.

tushunishga harakat qildik.

We tried to understand the root of the problem

Biz mavjud narsaga moyil bo'lmadik.

rather than being biased by what already exists.

Aksincha, muammoning asl mohiyatini tushunishga harakat qilamiz.

And then we thought of the most simple solution we could

So'ngra, bu muammoni hal qilish uchun

to address this problem.

eng sodda yechimni o'yladik.

In doing this, I believe we can truly bring technology to the masses.

Ishonamanki, shu usulda biz ko'pchilikka texnologiyani olib kela olamiz.

And we can save millions of lives through the simple warmth of an Embrace.

Oddiygina "Embrace" inkubatorining mehri bilan, millionlab hayotlarni saqlay olamiz.