Jane Chen: A warm embrace that saves lives

128,216 views ใƒป 2010-01-28

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Sigal Tifferet ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ariella Cwikel
00:15
Please close your eyes,
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ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื,
00:18
and open your hands.
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ื•ืคืชื—ื• ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื›ื.
00:21
Now imagine what you could place in your hands:
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืžื” ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื:
00:24
an apple, maybe your wallet.
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ืชืคื•ื—, ืื•ืœื™ ืืจื ืง.
00:27
Now open your eyes.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืคืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.
00:29
What about a life?
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ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื?
00:31
What you see here is a premature baby.
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคื’.
00:33
He looks like he's resting peacefully, but in fact he's struggling to stay alive
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ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื— ื‘ืฉืœื•ื•ื”, ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื ืื‘ืง ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
00:36
because he can't regulate his own body temperature.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ื•ืกืช ืืช ื—ื•ื ื’ื•ืคื•.
00:39
This baby is so tiny he doesn't have
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ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ื›"ื› ื–ืขื™ืจ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื•
00:41
enough fat on his body to stay warm.
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ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื—ื.
00:43
Sadly, 20 million babies like this
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืขืฆื‘, 20 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื›ืืœื”
00:46
are born every year around the world.
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ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
00:49
Four million of these babies die annually.
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4 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื ืžืชื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
00:51
But the bigger problem is that the ones who do survive
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉืืœื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ื
00:54
grow up with severe, long-term health problems.
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ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ื•ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื—.
00:57
The reason is because in the first month of a baby's life,
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื,
01:00
its only job is to grow.
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ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ.
01:02
If it's battling hypothermia, its organs can't develop normally,
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ืื ื”ื•ื ื ืœื—ื ื‘ื”ื™ืคื•ืชืจืžื™ื”, ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™,
01:05
resulting in a range of health problems
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช
01:07
from diabetes, to heart disease,
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืกื›ืจืช, ื“ืจืš ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘,
01:09
to low I.Q.
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ื•ื›ืœื” ื‘IQ ื ืžื•ืš.
01:11
Imagine: Many of these problems could be prevented
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื•, ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
01:14
if these babies were just kept warm.
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ืื™ืœื• ืจืง ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
01:17
That is the primary function of an incubator.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ืงื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ.
01:19
But traditional incubators require electricity
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ืงื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœ
01:21
and cost up to 20 thousand dollars.
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ื•ืขื•ืœื™ื ืขื“ 20,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
01:24
So, you're not going to find them in rural areas of developing countries.
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ืื– ืœื ืชืžืฆืื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.
01:27
As a result, parents resort to local solutions
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
01:30
like tying hot water bottles around their babies' bodies,
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ื›ืžื• ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง,
01:33
or placing them under light bulbs like the ones you see here --
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ืื• ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ -
01:36
methods that are both ineffective and unsafe.
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ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื’ื ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช.
01:39
I've seen this firsthand over and over again.
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ืื ื™ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
01:42
On one of my first trips to India, I met this young woman, Sevitha,
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ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ืกื•ื•ื™ืชื”,
01:45
who had just given birth to a tiny premature baby, Rani.
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ืฉืจืง ื™ืœื“ื” ืคื’ื” ื–ืขื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืจื ื™.
01:49
She took her baby to the nearest village clinic,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืจืคืื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”,
01:52
and the doctor advised her to take Rani
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ื•ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืจื ื™
01:54
to a city hospital so she could be placed in an incubator.
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ืœื‘ื™ื”"ื— ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืื™ื ืงื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ.
01:58
But that hospital was over four hours away,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื”"ื— ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ 4 ืฉืขื•ืช.
02:01
and Sevitha didn't have the means to get there,
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ื•ืœืกื•ื•ื™ืชื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•,
02:04
so her baby died.
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ืื– ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงืช ืฉืœื” ืžืชื”.
02:06
Inspired by this story, and dozens of other similar stories like this,
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ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื,
02:09
my team and I realized what was needed was a local solution,
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ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื™,
02:12
something that could work without electricity,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืœื ื—ืฉืžืœ,
02:14
that was simple enough for a mother or a midwife to use,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืื ืื• ืžื™ื™ืœื“ืช,
02:17
given that the majority of births still take place in the home.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ื“ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
02:20
We needed something that was portable,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื™ื™ื“,
02:22
something that could be sterilized and reused across multiple babies
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื˜ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช,
02:25
and something ultra-low-cost,
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ื•ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ื–ื•ืœ,
02:27
compared to the 20,000 dollars
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ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœ 20,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ
02:29
that an incubator in the U.S. costs.
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ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืื™ื ืงื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืืจื”"ื‘.
02:32
So, this is what we came up with.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืžืฆืื ื•.
02:34
What you see here looks nothing like an incubator.
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืœื ื ืจืื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื›ืžื• ืื ื™ืงื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ.
02:36
It looks like a small sleeping bag for a baby.
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืง ืฉื ื” ืงื˜ืŸ ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง.
02:39
You can open it up completely. It's waterproof.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื–ื” ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืžื™ื.
02:42
There's no seams inside so you can sterilize it very easily.
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ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืชืคืจื™ื, ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื˜ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื”.
02:45
But the magic is in this pouch of wax.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงืกื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื™ืก ื”ืฉืขื•ื•ื” ื”ื–ื”.
02:49
This is a phase-change material.
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ืžืฆื‘.
02:51
It's a wax-like substance with a melting point
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ื–ื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ื“ืžื•ื™ ืฉืขื•ื•ื” ืฉื ืžืก
02:53
of human body temperature, 37 degrees Celsius.
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ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, 37 ืžืขืœื•ืช.
02:56
You can melt this simply using hot water
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžื™ืก ืื•ืชื• ืขื ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื
02:59
and then when it melts it's able to maintain one constant temperature
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืžืก ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื”
03:03
for four to six hours at a time,
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ืœ 4-6 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื,
03:05
after which you simply reheat the pouch.
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ื•ืื—"ื› ืฆืจื™ืš ืจืง ืœื—ืžื ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืก ืฉื•ื‘.
03:08
So, you then place it into this little pocket back here,
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ืื– ืืชื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื™ืก ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืžืื—ื•ืจ,
03:15
and it creates a warm micro-environment
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื—ืžื™ืžื”
03:17
for the baby.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง.
03:20
Looks simple, but we've reiterated this dozens of times
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื
03:24
by going into the field to talk to doctors, moms and clinicians
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ืืžื”ื•ืช ื•ืงืœื™ื ืื™ื,
03:27
to ensure that this really meets the needs of the local communities.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืชืื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช.
03:30
We plan to launch this product in India in 2010,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010.
03:33
and the target price point will be 25 dollars,
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ื•ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื™ืขื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” 25 ื“ื•ืœืจ,
03:37
less than 0.1 percent of the cost
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืž %0.1 ืžืขืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ
03:39
of a traditional incubator.
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ืื™ื ืงื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™.
03:42
Over the next five years we hope to save the lives
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
03:44
of almost a million babies.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช.
03:46
But the longer-term social impact is a reduction in population growth.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืืจื•ื›ืช-ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ.
03:49
This seems counterintuitive,
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœืื ื™ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื”,
03:51
but turns out that as infant mortality is reduced,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชืžื•ืชืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช
03:54
population sizes also decrease,
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ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”,
03:56
because parents don't need to anticipate
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืžืฆืคื™ื
03:58
that their babies are going to die.
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ืฉืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืชื™ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืชื•.
04:00
We hope that the Embrace infant warmer
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืžื—ืžื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช Embrace (ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง)
04:03
and other simple innovations like this
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช
04:05
represent a new trend for the future of technology:
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ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ืžื’ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”:
04:09
simple, localized, affordable solutions
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ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื, ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื–ื•ืœื™ื
04:12
that have the potential to make huge social impact.
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ืขื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
04:15
In designing this we followed a few basic principles.
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ืชื›ื ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœืคื™ ื›ืžื” ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื.
04:18
We really tried to understand the end user,
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ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ืงืฆื”,
04:20
in this case, people like Sevitha.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกื•ื•ื™ืชื”.
04:23
We tried to understand the root of the problem
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ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”
04:25
rather than being biased by what already exists.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
04:28
And then we thought of the most simple solution we could
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ื•ืื– ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜
04:31
to address this problem.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ืขื™ื”.
04:33
In doing this, I believe we can truly bring technology to the masses.
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ื›ืš, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื”ืžื•ื ื™ื.
04:37
And we can save millions of lives through the simple warmth of an Embrace.
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ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืœ Embrace .
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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