Bring on the learning revolution! | Sir Ken Robinson

1,591,155 views ใƒป 2010-05-24

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Tarjem TED ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Anwar Dafa-Alla
00:16
I was here four years ago,
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ูƒู†ุช ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู†ุฐ ูค ุณู†ูˆุงุช
00:18
and I remember, at the time,
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ูˆุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ, ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
00:20
that the talks weren't put online.
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ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฏุซุงุช ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุชุฑูุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช
00:23
I think they were given to TEDsters in a box,
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุจุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุนุทู‰ ู„ู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒูŠู† ููŠ ุตู†ุฏูˆู‚
00:27
a box set of DVDs,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠุฉ
00:29
which they put on their shelves, where they are now.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุถุนูˆู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑูู‡ู‡ู…, ุญูŠุซ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงู†.
00:31
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
00:34
And actually, Chris called me a week after I'd given my talk, and said,
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ, ุงุชุตู„ ุจูŠ ูƒุฑูŠุณ
ู‚ุจู„ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ู…ู† ู…ุญุงุฏุซุชูŠ
00:38
"We're going to start putting them online. Can we put yours online?"
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ูˆู‚ุงู„: "ุณูˆู ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฑูุน ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฏุซุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช"
"ู‡ู„ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุถุน ู…ุญุงุฏุซุชูƒ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ุŸ" ูˆู‚ู„ุช: "ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ"
00:41
And I said, "Sure."
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00:43
And four years later,
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฃุฑุจุน ุณู†ูˆุงุช
00:45
it's been downloaded four million times.
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ูƒู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช, ุชู… ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฃุฑุจุน...
ุญุณู†ุง, ุชู… ุชุญู…ูŠู„ู‡ุง ูค ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ุฑุฉ.
ู„ุฐุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฅุณุชุทุงุนุชูƒู… ุฃู† ุชุถุงุนููˆุง ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ุดุงุจู‡
00:51
So I suppose you could multiply that by 20 or something
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00:53
to get the number of people who've seen it.
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ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุณุชุทูŠุนูˆุง ุฃู† ุชุชูˆุตู„ูˆุง ู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู‡ุง
ูˆูƒู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูƒุฑูŠุณ, ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดุบู
00:56
And, as Chris says, there is a hunger for videos of me.
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ู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ุงุชูŠ
01:00
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
01:03
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
01:09
Don't you feel?
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ุฃู„ุง ุชุดุนุฑูˆู† ุจุฐู„ูƒุŸ
01:10
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
01:15
So, this whole event has been an elaborate build-up
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ู„ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏุซ ูƒุงู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูˆุถุน ุชุฑุงูƒู…ูŠ
01:18
to me doing another one for you, so here it is.
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ู„ูŠ ู„ูƒูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ ุงุฎุฑ ู„ูƒู…, ู„ุฐุง, ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ.
01:21
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
01:24
Al Gore spoke at the TED conference I spoke at four years ago
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ุชุญุฏุซ ุขู„ ุบูˆุฑ
ุจู…ุคุชู…ุฑ ุชูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุญุฏุซุช ุจู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃุฑุจุน ุณู†ูˆุงุช
01:30
and talked about the climate crisis.
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ุนู† ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ
01:32
And I referenced that at the end of my last talk.
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ูˆุฃุดุฑุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ
ุจู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุญุฏูŠุซูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ
01:36
So I want to pick up from there
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃู„ุชู‚ุท ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
01:38
because I only had 18 minutes, frankly.
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠ ุณูˆู‰ 18 ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุจุตุฑุงุญุฉ
01:40
(Laughter)
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01:41
So, as I was saying --
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ู„ุฐุงุŒ ูˆูƒู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุฃู‚ูˆู„...
01:43
(Laughter)
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู†ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุญู‚
01:52
You see, he's right.
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01:53
I mean, there is a major climate crisis, obviously,
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ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ู…ู†ุงุฎ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ
01:56
and I think if people don't believe it, they should get out more.
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู†ุงุณ ู„ุง ูŠุตุฏู‚ูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุช
01:59
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ู…ู†ุงุฎ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
02:03
But I believe there is a second climate crisis,
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02:06
which is as severe,
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ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุฏุฉ
02:08
which has the same origins,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุตูˆู„
02:11
and that we have to deal with with the same urgency.
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ูˆูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ุง ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ
ูˆุฃุนู†ูŠ ุจุฐู„ูƒ --
02:15
And you may say, by the way,
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉุŒ "ุงู†ุธุฑ ุฃู†ุง ู…ูƒุชููŠ.
02:17
"Look, I'm good.
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ู„ุฏูŠ ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ู…ู†ุงุฎ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
02:19
I have one climate crisis, I don't really need the second one."
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ู„ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ูŠ ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุจุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ."
02:22
(Laughter)
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02:23
But this is a crisis of, not natural resources --
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุฉุŒ ู„ูŠุณุช ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุŒ
ุฑุบู… ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุบูŠุฑ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ
02:26
though I believe that's true --
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02:28
but a crisis of human resources.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ
02:30
I believe fundamentally,
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ุฃุคู…ู†ุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุŒ
02:32
as many speakers have said during the past few days,
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ูƒู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุซูŠู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ
ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ุฌูŠุฏุงู‹
02:35
that we make very poor use of our talents.
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ู…ู† ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจู†ุง.
02:40
Very many people go through their whole lives
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ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠู…ุถูˆู† ุญูŠุงุชู‡ู… ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡ุง
02:42
having no real sense of what their talents may be,
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ุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ุชู„ูƒูˆู†ู‡ุงุŒ
02:45
or if they have any to speak of.
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ุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฃูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ูŠุชุญุฏุซูˆู† ุนู†ู‡ุง.
ุฃู„ุชู‚ูŠ ุจุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุจุดุฑ
02:48
I meet all kinds of people
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02:49
who don't think they're really good at anything.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุฌูŠุฏูˆู† ุญู‚ุง ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก.
02:52
Actually, I kind of divide the world into two groups now.
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ูุฆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุขู†.
02:56
Jeremy Bentham, the great utilitarian philosopher,
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ุฌูŠุฑู…ูŠ ุจู†ุซุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ููŠู„ุณูˆู ุงู„ู…ู†ูุนูŠ ุงู„ุนุธูŠู…ุŒ
02:59
once spiked this argument.
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ุฃุซุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏู„ ุณุงุจู‚ุง
03:01
He said, "There are two types of people in this world:
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ู‚ุงู„: "ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ูˆุนุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
03:03
those who divide the world into two types
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ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู‚ุณู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
03:05
and those who do not."
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ูˆุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠู‚ุณู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†."
03:07
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
03:12
Well, I do.
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ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ุณู….
03:14
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
03:19
I meet all kinds of people who don't enjoy what they do.
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ุฃู„ุชู‚ูŠ ุจุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠุณุชู…ุชุนูˆู† ุจุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจูุนู„ู‡.
03:24
They simply go through their lives getting on with it.
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ูŠู…ุถูˆู† ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ู…
ุฏูˆู†ู…ุง ุฅุณุชู…ุชุงุน.
03:27
They get no great pleasure from what they do.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุฌุฏูˆู† ู…ุชุนุฉ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ููŠ ู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ูˆู†ู‡.
03:30
They endure it rather than enjoy it,
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุชุญู…ู„ูˆู†ุŒ ุจุฏู„ุง ู…ู† ุฃู† ูŠุชู…ุชุนูˆุงุŒ
03:33
and wait for the weekend.
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ูˆูŠู†ุชุธุฑูˆู† ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน.
03:36
But I also meet people
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุฃู„ุชู‚ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง ุจุฃู†ุงุณ
03:38
who love what they do and couldn't imagine doing anything else.
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ูŠุญุจูˆู† ู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ูˆู†ู‡
ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุชุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ.
03:42
If you said, "Don't do this anymore,"
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ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡ู…ุŒ "ู„ุง ุชู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ" ุณูŠุชุณุขู„ูˆู† ุนู…ุง ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡.
03:44
they'd wonder what you're talking about.
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุนู…ู„ ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจู‡ุŒ ุจู„ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู…ุŒ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†.
03:46
It isn't what they do, it's who they are.
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03:48
They say, "But this is me, you know.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู†ุงุŒ ุฃู†ุช ุชุนุฑู
03:50
It would be foolish to abandon this,
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู…ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุชุฎู„ู‰ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง
03:52
because it speaks to my most authentic self."
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ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู† ุฐุงุชูŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ.
03:54
And it's not true of enough people.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุตุญูŠุญุงู‹ ุนู† ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุงูู ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
03:57
In fact, on the contrary, I think it's still true of a minority of people.
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ
ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุคูƒุฏ ุนู† ุฃู‚ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
04:01
And I think there are many possible explanations for it.
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู†
ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู†ุฉ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ.
04:05
And high among them is education,
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŒ
04:09
because education, in a way,
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุญูˆ ู…ุงุŒ
ูŠุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
04:12
dislocates very many people from their natural talents.
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ุนู† ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ.
ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉุ›
04:16
And human resources are like natural resources;
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ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฏููˆู†ุฉ ุจุนู…ู‚ ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู†.
04:19
they're often buried deep.
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04:20
You have to go looking for them,
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ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฐู‡ุจ ู„ุชุจุญุซ ุนู†ู‡ุง.
04:22
they're not just lying around on the surface.
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ู‡ูŠ ู„ูŠุณุช ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ.
04:24
You have to create the circumstances where they show themselves.
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ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ.
04:27
And you might imagine education would be the way that happens,
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุชุฎูŠู„
ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ู„ุฅุธู‡ุงุฑู‡ุง.
04:31
but too often, it's not.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
04:33
Every education system in the world is being reformed at the moment
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ูƒู„ ู†ุธุงู… ุชุนู„ูŠู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
ูŠูุนุงุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒู„ุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุฑุงู‡ู†.
04:37
and it's not enough.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠูƒููŠ.
04:39
Reform is no use anymore,
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ุงู„ุชู‚ูˆูŠู… ู„ุง ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
ู„ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุจูƒู„ ุจุณุงุทุฉ ุฅุตู„ุงุญ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ู…ุญุทู… .
04:42
because that's simply improving a broken model.
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ู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ
04:45
What we need --
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04:46
and the word's been used many times in the past few days --
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ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุช ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ.
ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑุŒ
04:49
is not evolution,
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ุจู„ ุงู„ุซูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู….
04:51
but a revolution in education.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุชุญูˆู„
04:54
This has to be transformed into something else.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ.
04:57
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
05:03
One of the real challenges is to innovate fundamentally in education.
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ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุงุช ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุชุจุชูƒุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ
ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู….
05:09
Innovation is hard,
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ูˆุงู„ุฅุจุชูƒุงุฑ ุตุนุจ
05:11
because it means doing something that people don't find very easy,
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุดูŠุก
ู„ุง ูŠุฑุงู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃู†ู‡ ุณู‡ู„ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹.
05:14
for the most part.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู… ุจู‡ุงุŒ
05:16
It means challenging what we take for granted,
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05:18
things that we think are obvious.
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ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูˆุงุถุญุฉ.
05:21
The great problem for reform or transformation
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ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฅุตู„ุงุญ
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ
05:25
is the tyranny of common sense.
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ู‡ูˆ ุทุบูŠุงู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ ุงู„ุดุงุฆุนุŒ
ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ
05:28
Things that people think,
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05:29
"It can't be done differently, that's how it's done."
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"ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฃูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡."
ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุฑุฃุช ู…ุคุฎุฑุง ุงู‚ุชุจุงุณ ุฑุงุฆุน ู…ู† ุงุจุฑุงู‡ุงู… ู„ู†ูƒูˆู„ู†ุŒ
05:32
I came across a great quote recently from Abraham Lincoln,
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05:34
who I thought you'd be pleased to have quoted at this point.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุธู† ุฃู†ูƒู… ุณุชุณุฑูˆู† ู„ุฅู‚ุชุจุงุณู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ.
05:37
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
05:39
He said this in December 1862 to the second annual meeting of Congress.
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ู‚ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุฏูŠุณู…ุจุฑ 1862
ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุน ุงู„ุณู†ูˆูŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุฌู„ุณ ุงู„ุดูŠูˆุฎ.
05:46
I ought to explain that I have no idea what was happening at the time.
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ูŠุชูˆุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุดุฑุญ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑู ุจุชุงุชุงู‹ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช.
05:51
We don't teach American history in Britain.
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ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ููŠ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง.
05:53
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
05:55
We suppress it. You know, this is our policy.
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ู†ุญู† ู†ู‚ู…ุนู‡. ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุณูŠุงุณุชู†ุง.
05:58
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
06:01
No doubt, something fascinating was happening then,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆู…ู…ุง ู„ุง ุดูƒ ููŠู‡ุŒ ุดูŠุก ู…ุดูˆู‚ ูƒุงู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุฏูŠุณู…ุจุฑ 1862
06:03
which the Americans among us will be aware of.
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ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูˆู† ุจูŠู†ู†ุง
ูŠุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุจู‡.
06:08
But he said this:
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู‚ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง:
06:10
"The dogmas of the quiet past are inadequate to the stormy present.
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"ุนู‚ุงุฆุฏ
ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงุฏุฆ
ุบูŠุฑ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ู„ุญุงุถุฑ ุงู„ุนุงุตู.
ุงู„ุญุฏุซ
06:18
The occasion is piled high with difficulty,
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ู…ูƒุฏุณ ุนุงู„ูŠุงู‹ ู…ุน ุงู„ุตุนูˆุจุฉุŒ
06:21
and we must rise with the occasion."
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ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฑุชูุน ู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏุซ."
ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุจ ุฐู„ูƒ.
06:25
I love that.
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06:26
Not rise to it, rise with it.
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ู„ุง ุชุฑุชูุน ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ุจู„ ุงุฑุชูุน ู…ุนู‡.
06:30
"As our case is new,
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"ูˆูƒู…ุง ุฃู† ุญุงู„ุชู†ุง ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ
06:32
so we must think anew and act anew.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ููƒุฑ ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ
ูˆู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ
06:38
We must disenthrall ourselves,
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุญุฑุฑ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง
06:41
and then we shall save our country."
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ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุณู†ุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง."
06:44
I love that word, "disenthrall."
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ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉุŒ "ุชุญุฑูŠุฑ."
06:46
You know what it means?
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ุฃุชุนุฑููˆู† ู…ุง ุชุนู†ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉุŸ
06:48
That there are ideas that all of us are enthralled to,
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ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุชุฌุนู„ู†ุง ุฃุณูŠุฑูˆู† ู„ู‡ุงุŒ
06:51
which we simply take for granted as the natural order of things,
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุณู„ู… ุจู‡ุง
ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูŠ.
06:54
the way things are.
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06:55
And many of our ideas have been formed,
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ูˆุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃููƒุงุฑู†ุง
ู‚ุฏ ุดูƒู„ุชุŒ ู„ูŠุณุช ู„ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ุธุฑูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุฑู†ุŒ
06:58
not to meet the circumstances of this century,
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07:00
but to cope with the circumstances of previous centuries.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ู„ุชุนุงูŠุด ู…ุน ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ู‚ุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ.
07:03
But our minds are still hypnotized by them,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ุช ู…ู†ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ุบู†ุงุทูŠุณูŠุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ.
07:05
and we have to disenthrall ourselves of some of them.
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ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุญุฑุฑ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ู…ู† ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ.
07:08
Now, doing this is easier said than done.
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡.
07:11
It's very hard to know, by the way, what it is you take for granted.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุฃู† ู†ุนุฑูุŒ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูƒ ุฃู…ุฑุง ู…ุณู„ู…ุง ุจู‡.
07:14
And the reason is that you take it for granted.
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ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ูˆุฑุงุก ุงุนุชุจุงุฑูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ ู…ุณู„ู…ุง.
07:17
(Laughter)
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ู„ุฐุง ุงุณู…ุญูˆุง ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุดูŠุฆุง ุชุนุชุจุฑูˆู†ู‡ ู…ุณู„ู…ุง.
07:18
Let me ask you something you may take for granted.
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07:20
How many of you here are over the age of 25?
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ูƒู… ู…ู†ูƒู… ู‡ู†ุง ููˆู‚ ุณู† ุงู„ู€ 25ุŸ
07:23
That's not what you take for granted, I'm sure you're familiar with that.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ูƒู… ุชุณู„ู…ูˆู† ุจู‡.
ุฃู†ุง ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู†ูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„.
07:27
Are there any people here under the age of 25?
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠ ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุชู‚ู„ ุฃุนู…ุงุฑู‡ู… ุนู† 25ุŸ
ุนุธูŠู…. ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฃุนู…ุงุฑู‡ู… ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู€25ุŒ
07:31
Great. Now, those over 25,
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07:33
could you put your hands up if you're wearing your wristwatch?
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุฑูุนูˆุง ุฃูŠุฏูŠูƒู… ุฅู† ูƒู†ุชู… ุชุฑุชุฏูˆู† ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูŠุฏุŸ
ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
07:37
Now that's a great deal of us, isn't it?
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07:39
Ask a room full of teenagers the same thing.
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ุงุณุฃู„ ุบุฑูุฉ ู…ู„ูŠุฆุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ูŠู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„.
07:42
Teenagers do not wear wristwatches.
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ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠุฑุชุฏูˆู† ุณุงุนุงุช ุงู„ูŠุฏ.
07:44
I don't mean they can't,
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ู„ุง ุฃู‚ุตุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆู† ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ู‡ู… ุจุงุฑุชุฏุงุฆู‡ุง.
07:46
they just often choose not to.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูู‚ุท ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุง ูŠูุถู„ูˆู† ุนุฏู… ุงุฑุชุฏุงุฆู‡ุง.
07:48
And the reason is we were brought up in a pre-digital culture,
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ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู†ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ู†ุดุฃู†ุง
ููŠ ุซู‚ุงูุฉ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠุฉุŒ ู†ุญู† ู…ู† ู‡ู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุณู† 25.
07:52
those of us over 25.
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07:53
And so for us, if you want to know the time,
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏุช ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ
07:55
you have to wear something to tell it.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฑุชุฏูŠ ุดูŠุฆุง ูŠุฏู„ูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡.
07:57
Kids now live in a world which is digitized,
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ุฃุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูŠุนูŠุดูˆู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠุŒ
08:00
and the time, for them, is everywhere.
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ูˆุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู†.
08:02
They see no reason to do this.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุฌุฏูˆู† ู…ุจุฑุฑุงู‹ ู„ุฅุฑุชุฏุงุก ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ.
08:04
And by the way, you don't need either;
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ูˆุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉุŒ ู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฃูŠุถุง ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ.
08:06
it's just that you've always done it and you carry on doing it.
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ู„ุฃู†ูƒ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ู…ุง ุชุฑุชุฏูŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉุŒ ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ.
08:09
My daughter never wears a watch, my daughter Kate, who's 20.
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ุงุจู†ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชุฑุชุฏูŠ ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูŠุฏ ุฃุจุฏุงู‹ุŒ ุงุจู†ุชูŠ ูƒูŠุชุŒ ุงู„ุจุงู„ุบุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ 20 ุนุงู…ุงู‹.
08:12
She doesn't see the point.
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ู‡ูŠ ู„ุง ุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ุฏุงูุน ูˆุฑุงุก ุงุฑุชุฏุงุก ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูŠุฏ.
08:13
As she says,
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ูƒู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ุŒ "ุฅู†ู‡ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุจูˆุธูŠูุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูู‚ุท."
08:15
"It's a single-function device."
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08:17
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
08:22
"Like, how lame is that?"
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"ุฃูŠุŒ ูŠุง ู„ู„ุณุฎุงูุฉ!"
08:25
And I say, "No, no, it tells the date as well."
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ุŒ "ู„ุงุŒ ู„ุงุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุชุนู„ู…ู†ุง ุจุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…."
08:27
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
08:32
"It has multiple functions."
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"ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ูˆุธุงุฆู ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ."
08:33
(Laughter)
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08:35
But, you see, there are things we're enthralled to in education.
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ู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุชุฃุณุฑู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู….
ุงุณู…ุญูˆุง ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒู… ุจุถุนุฉ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ.
08:39
A couple of examples.
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08:40
One of them is the idea of linearity:
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ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ุŒ
08:43
that it starts here and you go through a track
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ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฑุŒ
08:46
and if you do everything right,
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ุงุณุชุทุนุช ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ุณูˆู ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจูƒ ุงู„ุญุงู„
08:47
you will end up set for the rest of your life.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุญุณู† ู…ุง ูŠุฑุงู… ู„ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุญูŠุงุชูƒ.
08:52
Everybody who's spoken at TED has told us implicitly,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู„ู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุชุญุฏุซูˆุง ููŠ ุชูŠุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุตุŒ
08:54
or sometimes explicitly, a different story:
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ุฃูˆ ุจุตุฑุงุญุฉ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุŒ ู‚ุตุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ
08:57
that life is not linear; it's organic.
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ุฃู† ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎุท ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ุŒ ุจู„ ุนูƒุณ ุฐู„ูƒ.
09:00
We create our lives symbiotically
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุนูŠุด ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ุจุงู„ุชูƒุงูู„
09:02
as we explore our talents
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ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู†ุณุชูƒุดู ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจู†ุง
09:04
in relation to the circumstances they help to create for us.
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุณุงู‡ู…ูˆู† ุจุฎู„ู‚ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ู†ุง.
09:07
But, you know, we have become obsessed with this linear narrative.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุฃุตุจุญู†ุง ู…ู‡ูˆุณูŠู†
ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู….
09:11
And probably the pinnacle for education is getting you to college.
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ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ.
09:15
I think we are obsessed with getting people to college.
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฃุตุจุญู†ุง ู…ู‡ูˆุณูŠู† ุจุฅุฏุฎุงู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉุŒ
09:18
Certain sorts of college.
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ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุฎุตุตุฉ.
09:19
I don't mean you shouldn't go, but not everybody needs to go,
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ู„ุง ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุชูˆุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
09:22
or go now.
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุขู†.
09:24
Maybe they go later, not right away.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠุฐู‡ุจูˆู† ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุงุญู‚ุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููˆุฑ.
09:26
And I was up in San Francisco a while ago doing a book signing.
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ูˆูƒู†ุช ู…ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ููŠ ุณุงู† ูุฑุงู†ุณูŠุณูƒูˆ ู…ู†ุฐ ูุชุฑุฉ
ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุชูˆู‚ูŠุน ู„ูƒุงุชุจูŠ.
09:29
There was this guy buying a book, he was in his 30s.
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ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฑุฌู„ ูŠุดุชุฑูŠ ูƒุชุงุจุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€30 ู…ู† ุนู…ุฑู‡.
09:32
I said, "What do you do?"
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ูˆู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡ุŒ "ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุนู…ู„ุŸ"
09:34
And he said, "I'm a fireman."
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ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู‡ูˆ: "ุฃู†ุง ุฑุฌู„ ุฅุทูุงุก."
09:37
I asked, "How long have you been a fireman?"
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ูˆู‚ู„ุช: "ู…ู†ุฐ ู…ุชู‰ ูˆุฃู†ุช ุชุนู…ู„ ูƒุฑุฌู„ ุฅุทูุงุกุŸ"
09:39
"Always. I've always been a fireman."
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ู‚ุงู„: "ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ุŒ ูƒู†ุช ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุฑุฌู„ ุฅุทูุงุก."
ูˆู‚ู„ุช: "ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู…ุชู‰ ุงุชุฎุฐุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑุŸ"
09:42
"Well, when did you decide?" He said, "As a kid.
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ู‚ุงู„: "ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุทูู„ุงู‹." ู‚ุงู„: "ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ
09:44
Actually, it was a problem for me at school,
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09:46
because at school, everybody wanted to be a fireman."
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ูƒุงู† ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠุตุจุญูˆุง ุฑุฌุงู„ ุฅุทูุงุก."
09:49
(Laughter)
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ู‚ุงู„: "ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุฏุช ุฃู† ุฃุตุจุญ ุฑุฌู„ ุฅุทูุงุก."
09:50
He said, "But I wanted to be a fireman."
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ูˆู‚ุงู„: "ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูˆุตู„ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตู ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ
09:53
And he said, "When I got to the senior year of school,
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09:55
my teachers didn't take it seriously.
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ุฃุณุงุชุฐุชูŠ ู„ู… ูŠุฃุฎุฐูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏ.
09:58
This one teacher didn't take it seriously.
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุญูˆ ุฃุฎุต ู„ุง ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏ.
10:00
He said I was throwing my life away
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ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุฑู…ูŠ ุญูŠุงุชูŠ
10:02
if that's all I chose to do with it;
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุฎุชุฑุช ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ุŒ
10:04
that I should go to college, I should become a professional person,
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ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชูˆุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุฌุจ ุฃู† ุฃุบุฏูˆ ุดุฎุต ู…ุญุชุฑูุŒ
10:07
that I had great potential
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ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃู…ู„ูƒ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ
10:09
and I was wasting my talent to do that."
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅู‡ุฏุงุฑ ู…ูˆู‡ุจุชูŠ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ."
10:11
He said, "It was humiliating.
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ูˆู‚ุงู„ุŒ "ูƒุงู† ุฃู…ุฑุงู‹ ู…ู‡ูŠู†ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡
10:12
It was in front of the whole class and I felt dreadful.
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ู‚ุงู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ุตู ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุดุนุฑุช ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุจุณูˆุก ูƒุจูŠุฑ.
10:15
But it's what I wanted, and as soon as I left school,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุฃุฑุฏุชุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุชุฎุฑุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุจูุชุฑุฉ ูˆุฌูŠุฒุฉุŒ
10:17
I applied to the fire service and I was accepted.
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ุชู‚ุฏู…ุช ุจุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุฅู„ุชุญุงู‚ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุทูุงุก ูˆุชู… ู‚ุจูˆู„ูŠ."
10:20
You know, I was thinking about that guy recently,
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ูˆู‚ุงู„ุŒ "ุฃุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ุฃููƒุฑ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุขูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉุŒ
10:22
just a few minutes ago when you were speaking, about this teacher,
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ู‚ุจู„ ุจุถุน ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ู…ู† ุญุฏูŠุซูŠ ู…ุนูƒุŒ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐุŒ"
10:25
because six months ago, I saved his life."
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ู‚ุงู„: "ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุณุชุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑุŒ
ู‚ู…ุช ุจุงู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุญูŠุงุชู‡."
10:29
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
ู‚ุงู„: "ูƒุงู† ุจุฏุงุฎู„ ุญุทุงู… ุณูŠุงุฑุฉุŒ
10:32
He said, "He was in a car wreck, and I pulled him out, gave him CPR,
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ู‚ู…ุช ุจุณุญุจู‡ ู„ู„ุฎุงุฑุฌุŒ ูˆุฅู†ุนุงุดู‡ุŒ
10:36
and I saved his wife's life as well."
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ูˆุฃู†ู‚ุฐุช ุญูŠุงุฉ ุฒูˆุฌุชู‡ ุฃูŠุถุง."
10:39
He said, "I think he thinks better of me now."
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ู‚ุงู„ุŒ "ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฑุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุจู…ู†ุธูˆุฑ ุฃูุถู„."
10:41
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
10:43
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
10:49
You know, to me,
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ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠุŒ
10:51
human communities depend upon a diversity of talent,
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ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจุŒ
10:55
not a singular conception of ability.
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ู„ูŠุณ ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุงู‹ ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ.
10:58
And at the heart of our challenges --
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ูˆููŠ ุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูˆุงุฌู‡ู†ุง --
11:00
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
11:02
At the heart of the challenge
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ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ
11:04
is to reconstitute our sense of ability and of intelligence.
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ู‡ูˆ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุดุนูˆุฑู†ุง ุจุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
ูˆุจุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก
11:08
This linearity thing is a problem.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ.
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูˆุตู„ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู„ูˆุณ ุฃู†ุฌู„ูˆุณ
11:11
When I arrived in L.A. about nine years ago,
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ู‚ุจู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชุณุน ุณู†ูˆุงุชุŒ
11:14
I came across a policy statement --
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ู‚ุฑุฃุช ุจูŠุงู† ู„ู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉุŒ
ูƒุชุจ ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุญุณู†ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ
11:18
very well-intentioned --
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11:19
which said, "College begins in kindergarten."
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุต ุนู„ู‰ุŒ "ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„."
11:24
No, it doesn't.
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ู„ุงุŒ ู„ุง ุชุจุฏุฃ.
11:25
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
11:29
It doesn't.
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ู„ุง ุชุจุฏุฃ.
11:31
If we had time, I could go into this, but we don't.
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ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุชุนู…ู‚ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช.
11:34
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
11:36
Kindergarten begins in kindergarten.
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ุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„.
11:38
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
ุตุฏูŠู‚ ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ุฐุงุช ู…ุฑุฉุŒ
11:41
A friend of mine once said,
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11:42
"A three year-old is not half a six year-old."
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"ุฃุชุนู„ู…ุŸ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ุจุงู„ุบ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ 3 ุณู†ูˆุงุช ู„ูŠุณ ู†ุตู ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุจู„ุบ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ 6 ุณู†ูˆุงุช."
11:45
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
11:47
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
11:52
They're three.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ุซู„ุงุซุฉ.
11:53
But as we just heard in this last session,
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ู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ุง ุณู…ุนู†ุง ู„ู„ุชูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉุŒ
11:55
there's such competition now to get into kindergarten --
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ ุดุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ุจุงู„ุญุถุงู†ุฉุŒ
11:59
to get to the right kindergarten --
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ู„ู„ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุถุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ.
12:01
that people are being interviewed for it at three.
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ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุงุช ู…ุน ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุจู„ุบูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุนูˆุงู….
ุฃุทูุงู„ ูŠุฌู„ุณูˆู† ุฃู…ุงู… ู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุฑุงุถูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูƒุงู….
12:07
Kids sitting in front of unimpressed panels,
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ู…ุน ุณูŠุฑู‡ู… ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠุฉุŒ
12:09
you know, with their resumes --
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12:10
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
12:13
Flicking through and saying, "What, this is it?"
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ูŠู‚ู„ุจูˆู† ุงู„ุตูุญุงุช ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†ุŒ "ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฃู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠุกุŸ"
12:15
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
12:17
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
12:20
"You've been around for 36 months, and this is it?"
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"ู„ู‚ุฏ ู…ุถู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุฏูƒู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ 36 ุดู‡ุฑุงู‹ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงุณุชุทุนุชู… ุงู†ุฌุงุฒู‡ุŸ"
12:23
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
12:30
"You've achieved nothing -- commit.
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"ู„ู‚ุฏ ุญู‚ู‚ุชู… ู„ุง ุดูŠุกุŒ ุซุจุช."
12:32
(Laughter)
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12:33
Spent the first six months breastfeeding, I can see."
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃู…ุถูŠุชู… 6 ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุชุฃุฎุฐูˆู† ุญู‚ูƒู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุถุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุฃุฑุงู‡."
12:36
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
12:41
See, it's outrageous as a conception.
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ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุงุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑ ุดุงุฆู† ูƒู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุฐุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
12:44
The other big issue is conformity.
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ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุทุจุงู‚.
12:46
We have built our education systems on the model of fast food.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุจู†ูŠู†ุง ู†ุธู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ
ุนู„ู‰ ุบุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ูˆุฌุจุงุช ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ.
12:50
This is something Jamie Oliver talked about the other day.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠุก ุชุญุฏุซ ุฌูŠู…ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ูŠูุฑ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
12:53
There are two models of quality assurance in catering.
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ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌูŠู† ู„ุถู…ุงู† ุงู„ุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุทุงุนู….
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู…ุชุซู„ ุจุงู„ูˆุฌุจุงุช ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฉุŒ
12:56
One is fast food, where everything is standardized.
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ุญูŠุซ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ูˆุญุฏ.
12:59
The other is like Zagat and Michelin restaurants,
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ูˆุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ูƒู…ุทุงุนู… (ุฒุงุฌุช) ูˆ(ู…ุดู„ูŠู†)ุŒ
13:01
where everything is not standardized,
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ุญูŠุซ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ูˆุญุฏุŒ
13:03
they're customized to local circumstances.
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ู‡ู… ูŠุชูƒูŠููˆู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ.
13:05
And we have sold ourselves into a fast-food model of education,
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ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ุจุนู†ุง ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ูˆุฌุจุงุช ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู….
13:08
and it's impoverishing our spirit and our energies
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠูู‚ุฑ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ูˆุทุงู‚ุงุชู†ุง
13:11
as much as fast food is depleting our physical bodies.
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ูƒู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ูˆุฌุจุงุช ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ุจุฅุจุงุฏุฉ ุฃุฌุณุงุฏู†ุง.
(ุชุตููŠู‚)
13:15
(Applause)
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒ ุฃู…ุฑูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง.
13:21
We have to recognize a couple of things here.
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ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู‡ุงุฆู„.
13:23
One is that human talent is tremendously diverse.
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13:25
People have very different aptitudes.
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ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹.
13:27
I worked out recently that I was given a guitar as a kid
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชูˆุตู„ุช ู…ุคุฎุฑุงู‹
ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠุช ู‚ูŠุซุงุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุทูู„ุงู‹
13:31
at about the same time that Eric Clapton got his first guitar.
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ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญุตู„ ุฅุฑูŠูƒ ูƒู„ุงุจุชูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุซุงุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰.
13:34
(Laughter)
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13:35
It worked out for Eric, that's all I'm saying.
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ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุณุงุฑุช ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุฅุฑูŠูƒุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡.
13:38
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
13:39
In a way --
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ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุงุŒ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ.
13:41
it did not for me.
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13:42
I could not get this thing to work
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ู„ู… ุฃุณุชุทุน ุฃู† ุฃุฌุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู…ู„
13:45
no matter how often or how hard I blew into it.
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ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ุฃูˆ ู…ุฏู‰ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุงุชูŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู‡ุฏุฉ ู„ู„ู†ูุฎ ููŠู‡.
13:47
It just wouldn't work.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูู‚ุท ู„ู… ุชุนู…ู„.
13:49
(Laughter)
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ.
13:53
But it's not only about that.
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13:54
It's about passion.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุนู† ุงู„ุดุบู.
13:56
Often, people are good at things they don't really care for.
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ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุŒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฌูŠุฏูˆู† ุจุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู„ุง ุชู‡ู…ู‡ู… ุญู‚ุง.
ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ุดุบูุŒ
13:59
It's about passion,
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14:00
and what excites our spirit and our energy.
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ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุซูŠุฑ ุฃุฑูˆุงุญู†ุง ูˆุทุงู‚ุงุชู†ุง.
14:03
And if you're doing the thing that you love to do, that you're good at,
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจูุนู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุญุจ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุฌูŠุฏ ููŠู‡ุŒ
14:06
time takes a different course entirely.
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ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ู…ู†ุญู†ู‰ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹.
14:09
My wife's just finished writing a novel,
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ุฒูˆุฌุชูŠ ุงู†ุชู‡ุช ู„ุชูˆู‡ุง ู…ู† ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุฑูˆุงูŠุฉุŒ
14:11
and I think it's a great book,
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุชุงุจ ุฑุงุฆุนุŒ
14:14
but she disappears for hours on end.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุชุฎุชููŠ ู„ุณุงุนุงุช ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ู‡.
14:17
You know this, if you're doing something you love,
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ุฃู†ุช ุชุนุฑู ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชูุนู„ ุดูŠุก ุชุญุจุŒ
14:19
an hour feels like five minutes.
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ุชุดุนุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู„ุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚.
14:22
If you're doing something that doesn't resonate with your spirit,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชูุนู„ ุดูŠุก ู„ุง ูŠู„ู‚ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุตุฏู‰ ู„ุฏู‰ ุฑูˆุญูƒุŒ
ุชุดุนุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ.
14:25
five minutes feels like an hour.
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14:26
And the reason so many people are opting out of education
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ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ูˆุฑุงุก ุงู†ุณุญุงุจ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…
14:29
is because it doesn't feed their spirit,
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ู‡ูˆ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ุฃุฑูˆุงุญู‡ู…ุŒ
14:31
it doesn't feed their energy or their passion.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุบุฐูŠ ุทุงู‚ุงุชู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ุดุบูู‡ู….
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงุณุชุนุงุฑุงุช.
14:35
So I think we have to change metaphors.
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14:37
We have to go from what is essentially an industrial model of education,
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ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ู…ู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃุณุงุณุงู‹ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุตู†ุงุนูŠ ู„ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŒ
ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ู…ุตู†ุนุŒ
14:41
a manufacturing model,
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14:42
which is based on linearity and conformity and batching people.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุฎุทูŠ
ูˆุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ูˆุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
14:47
We have to move to a model
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ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ
14:49
that is based more on principles of agriculture.
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ูŠุณุชู†ุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ.
14:52
We have to recognize
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ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฏุฑูƒ ุฃู† ุงุฒุฏู‡ุงุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉ
14:53
that human flourishing is not a mechanical process;
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ู„ูŠุณ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉุŒ
14:57
it's an organic process.
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ุจู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ.
14:59
And you cannot predict the outcome of human development.
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ูˆุฃู†ุช ู„ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุชู†ุจูˆุก ุจู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉุ›
ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ูุนู„ู‡ุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุน
15:03
All you can do, like a farmer, is create the conditions
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ู‡ูˆ ุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ุชูŠ
15:05
under which they will begin to flourish.
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ุณุชุณู…ุญ ุจุจุฏุก ุงู„ุงุฒุฏู‡ุงุฑ.
15:08
So when we look at reforming education and transforming it,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุตู„ุงุญ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆุชุญูˆูŠู„ู‡ุŒ
15:11
it isn't like cloning a system.
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ู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒู†ุธุงู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชู†ุณุงุฎ.
15:14
There are great ones, like KIPP's; it's a great system.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ูƒูŠุจุณุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ุธุงู… ุฑุงุฆุน.
15:16
There are many great models.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุฑุงุฆุนุฉ.
15:18
It's about customizing to your circumstances
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุชุดูƒู„ ุญุณุจ ุธุฑูˆููƒุŒ
15:21
and personalizing education to the people you're actually teaching.
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ูˆุชุฎุตูŠุต ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…
ู„ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน.
15:25
And doing that, I think, is the answer to the future
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ูˆุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
15:28
because it's not about scaling a new solution;
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุญู„ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุ›
15:32
it's about creating a movement in education
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู† ุฎู„ู‚ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…
15:34
in which people develop their own solutions,
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡ู…ุŒ
15:37
but with external support based on a personalized curriculum.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุฏุนู… ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ู…ู†ู‡ุฌ ู…ุชุฎุตุต.
15:40
Now in this room,
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉุŒ
15:42
there are people who represent extraordinary resources in business,
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุดุฎุงุต ูŠู…ุซู„ูˆู†
ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุบูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉุŒ
15:46
in multimedia, in the Internet.
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ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุณุงุฆุท ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉุŒ ููŠ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช.
15:48
These technologies,
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุงุชุŒ
15:50
combined with the extraordinary talents of teachers,
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ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุฉ ู…ุน ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ
15:53
provide an opportunity to revolutionize education.
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ุชุนุทูŠ ูุฑุตุฉ ู„ุฅุญุฏุงุซ ุซูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู….
15:56
And I urge you to get involved in it
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุซูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุซูˆุฑุฉ
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ู„ุฃุฌู„ู†ุงุŒ
15:59
because it's vital, not just to ourselves, but to the future of our children.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุฃุฌู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุฃุทูุงู„ู†ุง.
16:02
But we have to change from the industrial model
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠ
ู„ู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุŒ
16:05
to an agricultural model,
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16:06
where each school can be flourishing tomorrow.
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ุญูŠุซ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู† ูƒู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุฃู† ูŠุตุจุญ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุบุฏ ู…ุฒุฏู‡ุฑ.
16:09
That's where children experience life.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุฃู† ูŠุนูŠุดูˆุง ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ.
16:11
Or at home, if that's what they choose,
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ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑู‡ ู„ู„ุชุนู„ู…
16:13
to be educated with their families or friends.
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ู…ุน ุนุงุฆู„ุงุชู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุฆู‡ู….
16:15
There's been a lot of talk about dreams over the course of these few days.
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ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุญู„ุงู…
ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ.
16:20
And I wanted to just very quickly --
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ุฃุฑุฏุช ุฃู† ูˆุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฌุฏุง --
16:22
I was very struck by Natalie Merchant's songs last night,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ู…ู†ุฏู‡ุด ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ู†ุงุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุชุดู†ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุŒ
16:25
recovering old poems.
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ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงุณุชุฑุฌุงุนูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุตุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ
16:27
I wanted to read you a quick, very short poem
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ุฃุฑุฏุช ุฃู† ุฃู‚ุฑุฃ ู‚ุตูŠุฏุฉ ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ูˆู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹
16:29
from W. B. Yeats, who some of you may know.
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ู…ู† ูˆ.ุจ. ูŠูŠุชุณุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชุนุฑููˆู†ู‡
16:32
He wrote this to his love, Maud Gonne,
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ูƒุชุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุจูŠุจุชู‡ุŒ
ู…ูˆุฏ ุฌูˆู†
16:36
and he was bewailing the fact
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ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู†ุฏุจ ูƒูˆู†ู‡
16:39
that he couldn't really give her what he thought she wanted from him.
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ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุฃู† ูŠุนุทูŠู‡ุง ู…ุง ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฑูŠุฏู‡ ู…ู†ู‡.
16:42
And he says, "I've got something else, but it may not be for you."
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ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ุŒ "ู„ุฏูŠ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูƒ".
16:45
He says this:
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง:
16:47
"Had I the heavens' embroidered cloths,
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"ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณู…ุงูˆุงุช ู…ู„ุงุจุณ ู…ุทุฑุฒุฉ
16:50
Enwrought with gold and silver light,
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ูˆู…ุตู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจ
ูˆุถูˆุก ูุถูŠ
16:54
The blue and the dim and the dark cloths
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุชุนุชูŠู…
ูˆุงู„ู…ู„ุงุจุณ ุงู„ุฏุงูƒู†ุฉ
16:58
Of night and light and the half-light,
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ูˆุงู„ุถูˆุก ูˆู†ุตู ุงู„ุถูˆุกุŒ
ู„ู†ุดุฑุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุจุณ ุชุญุช ู‚ุฏู…ูŠูƒุ›
17:02
I would spread the cloths under your feet:
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุงุŒ ูƒูˆู†ูŠ ูู‚ูŠุฑุŒ
17:05
But I, being poor, have only my dreams;
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ู„ุฏูŠ ุฃุญู„ุงู…ูŠ ูู‚ุทุ›
17:10
I have spread my dreams under your feet;
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ู†ุดุฑุช ุฃุญู„ุงู…ูŠ ุชุญุช ู‚ุฏู…ูŠูƒุ›
ูุงุฎุทูŠ ุจุฑูู‚
17:14
Tread softly
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17:15
because you tread on my dreams."
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ู„ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุฎุทูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุญู„ุงู…ูŠ."
17:18
And every day, everywhere,
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ูˆููŠ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ
17:20
our children spread their dreams beneath our feet.
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ูŠู†ุดุฑ ุฃุทูุงู„ู†ุง ุฃุญู„ุงู…ู‡ู… ุชุญุช ุฃู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง.
17:24
And we should tread softly.
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ููŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฎุทูˆ ุจุฑูู‚.
17:27
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑุงู‹.
17:28
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
17:32
Thank you very much.
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17:33
(Applause)
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17:37
Thank you.
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17:38
(Applause)
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ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ุฌุฒูŠู„ุงู‹.
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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