Bring on the learning revolution! | Sir Ken Robinson

1,573,986 views ใƒป 2010-05-24

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jeong-Lan Kinser ๊ฒ€ํ† : Larry Kang
00:16
I was here four years ago,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 4๋…„์ „ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์—ฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์„ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ์š”,
00:18
and I remember, at the time,
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์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์œผ๋ก , ๊ทธ ๋•Œ์—”
00:20
that the talks weren't put online.
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๋ฐœํ‘œ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
00:23
I think they were given to TEDsters in a box,
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๊ทธ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์˜์ƒ๋“ค์„ DVD ํ•œ ์งˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
00:27
a box set of DVDs,
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์—ฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์คฌ๊ตฌ์š”,
00:29
which they put on their shelves, where they are now.
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๊ทธ ๊ฑธ ์ฑ…์žฅ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด๋†จ์—ˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ, ์ด์ œ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์˜€๊ตฐ์š”.
00:31
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:34
And actually, Chris called me a week after I'd given my talk, and said,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ์ง€ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ์ฆˆ์Œ ์ง€๋‚˜์„œ
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
00:38
"We're going to start putting them online. Can we put yours online?"
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์ด๋Ÿฌ๋”๊ตฐ์š”. "์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์— ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์…จ๋˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฆด๊นŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์š”.
๊ดœ์ฐฎ์œผ์‹œ์ฃ ?" ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ . "๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์š”."
00:41
And I said, "Sure."
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00:43
And four years later,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , 4๋…„์ด ํ˜๋ €๋„ค์š”.
00:45
it's been downloaded four million times.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹  ๊ฒŒ 4..
์•„๋‹ˆ, ๋‚ด๋ ค ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ ๊ฒŒ 4๋ฐฑ๋ฒˆ์ฏค ๋˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
์ž, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณฑํ•˜๊ธฐ 20 ์ •๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉด
00:51
So I suppose you could multiply that by 20 or something
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00:53
to get the number of people who've seen it.
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๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”.
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ ˆ ๋ฌด์ฒ™์ด๋‚˜
00:56
And, as Chris says, there is a hunger for videos of me.
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๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์…จ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:00
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:03
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
01:09
Don't you feel?
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...์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:10
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:15
So, this whole event has been an elaborate build-up
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ˆ, ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋”
01:18
to me doing another one for you, so here it is.
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์„œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์งœ์—ฌ์ง„ ๊ฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ์š”.
01:21
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:24
Al Gore spoke at the TED conference I spoke at four years ago
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์•จ ๊ณ ์–ด์”จ๊ฐ€
4๋…„์ „ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์„ฐ๋˜ TED ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—์„œ
01:30
and talked about the climate crisis.
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
01:32
And I referenced that at the end of my last talk.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ ๋๋ถ€๋ถ„์—
๊ทธ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ธ์šฉํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
So I want to pick up from there
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์ž, ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด์„œ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์š”.
01:38
because I only had 18 minutes, frankly.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด 18๋ถ„๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์ž–์•„์š”.
01:40
(Laughter)
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01:41
So, as I was saying --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์•ž์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ..
01:43
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
๋„ค, ๊ทธ ๋ถ„ ๋ง์”€์ด ๋งž๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
You see, he's right.
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01:53
I mean, there is a major climate crisis, obviously,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ œ ๋ง์€, ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:56
and I think if people don't believe it, they should get out more.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ชป ๋ฏฟ์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์ข€ ๋” ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์‹œ๊ตฌ์š”.
01:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์ „ ์ œ2์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
02:03
But I believe there is a second climate crisis,
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02:06
which is as severe,
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๊ทธ ์ „ ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
02:08
which has the same origins,
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๊ฐ™์€ ์›์ธ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:11
and that we have to deal with with the same urgency.
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํžˆ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
02:15
And you may say, by the way,
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์ด๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ . "์ด๋ด, ๋์–ด.
02:17
"Look, I'm good.
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๊ธฐํ›„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ž€ ๊ฑฐ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๊ตฌ. ๊ทธ์น˜๋งŒ
02:19
I have one climate crisis, I don't really need the second one."
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ผ๋‹ˆ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ž–์•„."
02:22
(Laughter)
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02:23
But this is a crisis of, not natural resources --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์ด๋ฒˆ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์  ์ž์›์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
ํ™•์‹ ์ปจ๋ฐ,
02:26
though I believe that's true --
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02:28
but a crisis of human resources.
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์ธ์  ์ž์›์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
I believe fundamentally,
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๋ฏฟ๊ฑด๋ฐ, ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:32
as many speakers have said during the past few days,
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ฉฐ์น ๊ฐ„ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋“ฏ์ด,
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„
02:35
that we make very poor use of our talents.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:40
Very many people go through their whole lives
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ‰์ƒ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ
02:42
having no real sense of what their talents may be,
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:45
or if they have any to speak of.
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๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”
์ „ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
02:48
I meet all kinds of people
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02:49
who don't think they're really good at anything.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
02:52
Actually, I kind of divide the world into two groups now.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ „ ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์ฃ .
02:56
Jeremy Bentham, the great utilitarian philosopher,
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์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์šฉ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž, ์ œ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ ๋ฒคํ…€์ด
02:59
once spiked this argument.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์€ ์ด ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์˜ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ฐ”๋ €์–ด์š”.
03:01
He said, "There are two types of people in this world:
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„ ๋ง์”€์ด, "์„ธ์ƒ์—” ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:03
those who divide the world into two types
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ
03:05
and those who do not."
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์ฃ ." ๋ผ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
03:07
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:12
Well, I do.
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์Œ, ์ €๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
03:14
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:19
I meet all kinds of people who don't enjoy what they do.
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์ „ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ผ์— ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ๋ชป๋Š๋ผ๋Š”
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
03:24
They simply go through their lives getting on with it.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ํ‰์ƒ์„
๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ๋ถ™์žก๊ณ  ์‚ด์ฃ .
03:27
They get no great pleasure from what they do.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ผ์—์„œ ๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ๋ชป ๋Š๊ผˆ๋Œ€์š”.
03:30
They endure it rather than enjoy it,
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์ผ์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ๊ฐ๋‚ดํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:33
and wait for the weekend.
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์ฃผ๋ง์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
03:36
But I also meet people
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ผ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”
03:38
who love what they do and couldn't imagine doing anything else.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
03:42
If you said, "Don't do this anymore,"
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๋งŒ์ผ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ, "๊ทธ ์ผ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์ข€ ํ•ด๋ผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ๋ง์— ํ™ฉ๋‹นํ•ด ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:44
they'd wonder what you're talking about.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ทธ ์ž์‹ ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿด๊ป„์š”.
03:46
It isn't what they do, it's who they are.
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03:48
They say, "But this is me, you know.
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"๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ €์—์š”. ์•„์‹œ์ž–์•„์š”.
03:50
It would be foolish to abandon this,
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์ด ์ผ์„ ๊ด€๋‘๋ฉด ์ „ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ•œ๋‚ฑ ๋ฐ”๋ณด๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”.
03:52
because it speaks to my most authentic self."
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์ด ์ผ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง„์‹คํ•œ ์ œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ธ๊ฑธ์š”."
03:54
And it's not true of enough people.
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ํ—Œ๋ฐ, ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์งˆ ๋ชปํ•ด์š”.
03:57
In fact, on the contrary, I think it's still true of a minority of people.
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์‹ค์€, ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค
์†Œ์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
04:01
And I think there are many possible explanations for it.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„  ๋งŽ์€ ์„ค๋ช…๋“ค์ด
๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
04:05
And high among them is education,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
๊ต์œก์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
04:09
because education, in a way,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ต์œก์ด๋ž€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„ 
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €๋งˆ๋‹ค ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
04:12
dislocates very many people from their natural talents.
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์œ ๋ฆฌ(้Š้›ข)์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์•…(ๆƒก)๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
์ธ์ ์ž์›์ด๋ž€ ์ž์—ฐ์ž์›๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
04:16
And human resources are like natural resources;
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๊นŠ์ด ๋ฌปํ˜€์žˆ๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
they're often buried deep.
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04:20
You have to go looking for them,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•ด๋‚ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:22
they're not just lying around on the surface.
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ทธ์ € ๊ฒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์žˆ์งˆ ์•Š์•„์š”.
04:24
You have to create the circumstances where they show themselves.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
And you might imagine education would be the way that happens,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ต์œก์ด
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์™”๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
04:31
but too often, it's not.
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์‹ค์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์งˆ ๋ชปํ•ด์š”.
04:33
Every education system in the world is being reformed at the moment
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด
์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
and it's not enough.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๊ฑธ๋ก  ์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
04:39
Reform is no use anymore,
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๊ฐœ์„ ์€ ์ด์ œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ง๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ทธ์ € ๊ฐœ๋Ÿ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:42
because that's simply improving a broken model.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด
04:45
What we need --
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04:46
and the word's been used many times in the past few days --
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ์ผ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ง์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”.
๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
04:49
is not evolution,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ต์œกํ˜๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
but a revolution in education.
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋กœ
04:54
This has to be transformed into something else.
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๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:03
One of the real challenges is to innovate fundamentally in education.
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์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์€
๊ต์œก์„ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
๊ฐœํ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
05:09
Innovation is hard,
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๊ฐœํ˜์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์š”.
05:11
because it means doing something that people don't find very easy,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:14
for the most part.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์™”๊ณ ,
05:16
It means challenging what we take for granted,
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05:18
things that we think are obvious.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์ „์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
The great problem for reform or transformation
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๊ฐœ์„ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ๋Œ์€
05:25
is the tyranny of common sense.
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๋‹ค๋ฆ„์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ '์ƒ์‹'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‹€์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
โ€œ์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์›๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฑฐ๋ผ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†์–ด.'
05:28
Things that people think,
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05:29
"It can't be done differently, that's how it's done."
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๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋œ ์—์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌํ–„ ๋ง์ปจ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ง์”€์„ ์ „ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์š”,
05:32
I came across a great quote recently from Abraham Lincoln,
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05:34
who I thought you'd be pleased to have quoted at this point.
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์ด์ฏค์—์„œ ๋ง์ปจ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“ค์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋“ค ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์›Œ๋“ค ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ์š”.
05:37
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:39
He said this in December 1862 to the second annual meeting of Congress.
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1862๋…„ 12์›”
๊ทธ์˜ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ตญํšŒ ์—ฐ๋ก€ํšŒ์˜๋•Œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
I ought to explain that I have no idea what was happening at the time.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
We don't teach American history in Britain.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:53
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:55
We suppress it. You know, this is our policy.
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์–ต์ œํ•˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ •์ฑ…์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:58
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:01
No doubt, something fascinating was happening then,
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์•„๋ฌดํŠผ, 1862๋…„ 12์›” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํฅ๋ฏธ์ง„์ง„ํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
which the Americans among us will be aware of.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
๋‹ค๋“ค ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:08
But he said this:
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์•”ํŠผ, ๊ทธ ๋ถ„ ๋ง์”€์ด ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
"The dogmas of the quiet past are inadequate to the stormy present.
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"ํ‰์˜จํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜
๊ต๋ฆฌ๋Š”
๊ฒฉ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์—”
06:18
The occasion is piled high with difficulty,
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๋‚œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒฉ์ฒฉ์ด ์Œ“์—ฌ์žˆ๊ณ ,
06:21
and we must rise with the occasion."
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
๋ฉ‹์ง„ํ‘œํ˜„์ด์ฃ .
06:25
I love that.
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06:26
Not rise to it, rise with it.
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'๋งž์„œ๋ผ'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 'ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋ผ'
06:30
"As our case is new,
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"์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์—
06:32
so we must think anew and act anew.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
We must disenthrall ourselves,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ,
06:41
and then we shall save our country."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
06:44
I love that word, "disenthrall."
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด์ฃ . โ€œํ•ด๋ฐฉโ€
06:46
You know what it means?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ์ฃ ?
06:48
That there are ideas that all of us are enthralled to,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด€๋…์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํ˜€
06:51
which we simply take for granted as the natural order of things,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์ˆœ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋ƒฅ
์›๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ƒฅ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์—ฌ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
the way things are.
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06:55
And many of our ideas have been formed,
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€๋…๋“ค์ด
ํ˜„ ์„ธ๊ธฐ(ไธ–็ด€)์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
06:58
not to meet the circumstances of this century,
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07:00
but to cope with the circumstances of previous centuries.
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์ด์ „ ์„ธ๊ธฐ(ไธ–็ด€)์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
But our minds are still hypnotized by them,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ ๊ด€๋…์˜ ์ตœ๋ฉด์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
and we have to disenthrall ourselves of some of them.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ ๊ด€๋…์—์„œ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
Now, doing this is easier said than done.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
It's very hard to know, by the way, what it is you take for granted.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ ๋‹น์—ฐ์‹œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ง€์กฐ์ฐจ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
07:14
And the reason is that you take it for granted.
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๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:17
(Laughter)
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ธธ๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ ์—ฌ์ญค๋ณด๋ คํ•ด์š”.
07:18
Let me ask you something you may take for granted.
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07:20
How many of you here are over the age of 25?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์Šค๋ฌผ๋‹ค์„ฏ์‚ด ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๋ถ„?
07:23
That's not what you take for granted, I'm sure you're familiar with that.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๋‹จ ์–˜๊ธด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ๋‚˜์ด์— ์ด๋ฏธ ์ต์ˆ™๋“คํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
07:27
Are there any people here under the age of 25?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์Šค๋ฌผ๋‹ค์„ฏ์‚ด ์•„๋ž˜์‹  ๋ถ„?
์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์Šค๋ฌผ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋„˜์œผ์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘์—
07:31
Great. Now, those over 25,
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07:33
could you put your hands up if you're wearing your wristwatch?
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์†๋ชฉ์‹œ๊ณ„ ์ฐจ์‹  ๋ถ„ ์†๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
์ž, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค ๋„ค์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
07:37
Now that's a great deal of us, isn't it?
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07:39
Ask a room full of teenagers the same thing.
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10๋Œ€์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ ธ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:42
Teenagers do not wear wristwatches.
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10๋Œ€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ฐจ์š”.
07:44
I don't mean they can't,
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๋ชป์ฐจ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฐฐ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:46
they just often choose not to.
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์ฐจ์งˆ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:48
And the reason is we were brought up in a pre-digital culture,
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, 25์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์…จ๊ธฐ์—
07:52
those of us over 25.
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07:53
And so for us, if you want to know the time,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ 
07:55
you have to wear something to tell it.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋…€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
Kids now live in a world which is digitized,
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์ด์ œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:00
and the time, for them, is everywhere.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:02
They see no reason to do this.
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์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์•ผ ํ•  ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:04
And by the way, you don't need either;
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฐฐ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
it's just that you've always done it and you carry on doing it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์™”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋„ค์š”.
08:09
My daughter never wears a watch, my daughter Kate, who's 20.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋”ธ์•„์ธ ์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์•ˆ์ฐน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋”ธ, ์ผ€์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์Šค๋ฌด์‚ด์ด์—์š”.
08:12
She doesn't see the point.
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์ฐฐ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ชป์ฐพ์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:13
As she says,
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๊ทธ ์• ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋”๊ตฐ์š”. โ€œ๊ทธ ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฟ์ด์ž–์•„์š”โ€
08:15
"It's a single-function device."
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08:17
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:22
"Like, how lame is that?"
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โ€œ๋ณ„ ์“ธ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”.โ€
08:25
And I say, "No, no, it tells the date as well."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ . โ€œ์•„๋ƒ, ์•„๋ƒ. ๋‚ ์งœ๋„ ์ผ๋Ÿฌ์ค˜.โ€
08:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:32
"It has multiple functions."
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"๋‹ค๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ตฌ.โ€
08:33
(Laughter)
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08:35
But, you see, there are things we're enthralled to in education.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ๊ต์œก์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†๋ฐ•๋‹นํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
08:39
A couple of examples.
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08:40
One of them is the idea of linearity:
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ง์„ ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ด€ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
08:43
that it starts here and you go through a track
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด, ๊ฐ ์—ฌ์ •์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ,
08:46
and if you do everything right,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์„ ์ž˜ ํ•ด๋‚ด๋ฉด,
08:47
you will end up set for the rest of your life.
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์—ฌ์ƒ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
Everybody who's spoken at TED has told us implicitly,
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๋ชจ๋“  TED ์—ฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์€์—ฐ์ค‘์ด๋“ 
08:54
or sometimes explicitly, a different story:
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์ง์ ‘์ ์ด๋“  ๊ทธ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ฃผ์…จ๋Š” ๋ฐ,
08:57
that life is not linear; it's organic.
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์ธ์ƒ์€ ์ง์„ ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
We create our lives symbiotically
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ
09:02
as we explore our talents
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ผ์™€ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
09:04
in relation to the circumstances they help to create for us.
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๊ณต์ƒ(ๅ…ฑ็”Ÿ)ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ถ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
But, you know, we have become obsessed with this linear narrative.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
์ง์„ ์  ์ธ์ƒ๊ด€์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํ˜€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:11
And probably the pinnacle for education is getting you to college.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋Œ€๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ
๋Œ€ํ•™์ง„ํ•™์— ๋‘์ฃ .
09:15
I think we are obsessed with getting people to college.
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๋Œ€ํ•™, ๊ทธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ž˜ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ
09:18
Certain sorts of college.
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๊ธ‰๊ธ‰ํ•ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
09:19
I don't mean you shouldn't go, but not everybody needs to go,
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๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€์„  ์•ˆ๋˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€,
09:22
or go now.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ง„ํ•™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹จ ์–˜๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
Maybe they go later, not right away.
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๋‹น์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์–ด๋„, ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ž–์•„์š”.
09:26
And I was up in San Francisco a while ago doing a book signing.
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์–ผ๋งˆ์ „์— ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์—์„œ
์ฑ… ์‚ฌ์ธํšŒ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—์š”.
09:29
There was this guy buying a book, he was in his 30s.
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์„œ๋ฅธ ์ฏค ๋œ ๋‚จ์ž๋ถ„์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ธธ๋ž˜,
09:32
I said, "What do you do?"
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โ€œ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”?โ€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ
09:34
And he said, "I'm a fireman."
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โ€œ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€ ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
09:37
I asked, "How long have you been a fireman?"
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"์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€ ํ•˜์‹ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋์–ด์š”?โ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ญˆ๋‹ˆ
09:39
"Always. I've always been a fireman."
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โ€œ์ „, ๋Š˜ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.โ€ ๋ผ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
โ€œ์Œ, ์–ธ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์š”?โ€ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ
09:42
"Well, when did you decide?" He said, "As a kid.
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"์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์š”. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜€์–ด์š”.
09:44
Actually, it was a problem for me at school,
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09:46
because at school, everybody wanted to be a fireman."
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„  ๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์ด ๋˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”." ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
09:49
(Laughter)
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"์ „ ์ง„์งœ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:50
He said, "But I wanted to be a fireman."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ•™๋…„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
09:53
And he said, "When I got to the senior year of school,
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09:55
my teachers didn't take it seriously.
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๋‹ด์ž„์„ ์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๊ฑธ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒผ์–ด์š”.
09:58
This one teacher didn't take it seriously.
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์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ์ฃ .
10:00
He said I was throwing my life away
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์„ ์ƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:02
if that's all I chose to do with it;
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง“์ด๊ณ ,
10:04
that I should go to college, I should become a professional person,
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๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๊ฐ€์„œ, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
10:07
that I had great potential
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ
10:09
and I was wasting my talent to do that."
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์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ํ—ˆ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ ."
10:11
He said, "It was humiliating.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌ๋”๊ตฐ์š”. "์ •๋ง ์ฐฝํ”ผํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:12
It was in front of the whole class and I felt dreadful.
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๊ต์‹ค์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์• ๋“ค ์•ž์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์–˜๊ธธ ํ•˜๋‹ค๋‹ˆ, ์ •๋ง ๋”์ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”"
10:15
But it's what I wanted, and as soon as I left school,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด์˜€๊ธฐ์—, ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž
10:17
I applied to the fire service and I was accepted.
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์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์— ์ง€์›ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์ง€์š”."
10:20
You know, I was thinking about that guy recently,
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โ€œ์‹ค์€์š”, ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์ „ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ค ๋•Œ,
10:22
just a few minutes ago when you were speaking, about this teacher,
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๋‹ด์ž„์„ ์ƒ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋”๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”"
10:25
because six months ago, I saved his life."
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โ€œ6๊ฐœ์›”์ „์— ์ œ๊ฐ€
๊ทธ ๋ถ„ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ๊ตฌํ•ด์คฌ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.โ€
10:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
โ€œ๊ทธ ๋ถ„ ์ฐจ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:32
He said, "He was in a car wreck, and I pulled him out, gave him CPR,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์—์„œ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด, ์‹ฌํ์†Œ์ƒ์ˆ ์„ ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
10:36
and I saved his wife's life as well."
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์‚ฌ๋ชจ๋‹˜๋„ ๊ตฌํ•ด๋“œ๋ ธ์ฃ .โ€
10:39
He said, "I think he thinks better of me now."
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โ€œ์ด์   ๊ทธ ์–‘๋ฐ˜๋„ ์ ˆ ์ž˜ ๋ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .โ€
10:41
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:43
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:49
You know, to me,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ฐ,
10:51
human communities depend upon a diversity of talent,
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋Š”
๋‹จ์ผ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
10:55
not a singular conception of ability.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
And at the heart of our challenges --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š”
11:00
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:02
At the heart of the challenge
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š”
11:04
is to reconstitute our sense of ability and of intelligence.
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ง€๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ƒ๊ฐ์„
๋‹ค์‹œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
This linearity thing is a problem.
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์ง์„์ „ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋กœ์Šค์•ค์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
11:11
When I arrived in L.A. about nine years ago,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•ฝ 9๋…„ ์ „์—
11:14
I came across a policy statement --
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์ •์ฑ…๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ,
์ข‹์€ ๋œป์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ ํ‘œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:18
very well-intentioned --
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11:19
which said, "College begins in kindergarten."
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"๋Œ€ํ•™์€ ์œ ์น˜์›์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค."
11:24
No, it doesn't.
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์•„๋‡จ. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
11:25
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:29
It doesn't.
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์•ˆ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”.
11:31
If we had time, I could go into this, but we don't.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด, ์ด ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ํ…๋ฐ, ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๊ตฐ์š”.
11:34
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:36
Kindergarten begins in kindergarten.
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์œ ์น˜์›์ด ์œ ์น˜์›์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
์นœ๊ตฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
11:41
A friend of mine once said,
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11:42
"A three year-old is not half a six year-old."
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โ€œ์ด๋ด, ์„ธ์‚ด์€ ์—ฌ์„ฏ์‚ด์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ์•„๋ƒ.โ€
11:45
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:47
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:52
They're three.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์„ธ์‚ด์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:53
But as we just heard in this last session,
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ํ—Œ๋ฐ, ์ง€๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋“ค์œผ์‹  ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
11:55
there's such competition now to get into kindergarten --
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์š”์ƒŒ ์œ ์น˜์›๋„ ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ 
11:59
to get to the right kindergarten --
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์ž…ํ•™ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์น˜์—ดํ•ด์„œ
12:01
that people are being interviewed for it at three.
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์„ธ์‚ด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๊ตฌ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”.
์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์‹œํฐ๋‘ฅํ•œ ๋ฉด์ ‘๊ด€๋“ค ์•ž์— ์•‰์•„์žˆ๊ตฌ์š”,
12:07
Kids sitting in front of unimpressed panels,
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๋ฉด์ ‘๊ด€๋“ค, ์• ๋“ค ์ง€์›์„œ๋ฅผ
12:09
you know, with their resumes --
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12:10
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:13
Flicking through and saying, "What, this is it?"
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ํ”๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ฒ ์ฃ . โ€œ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ?โ€
12:15
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:17
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:20
"You've been around for 36 months, and this is it?"
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"๋„Œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ์ง€ 36๊ฐœ์›”์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด์„œ, ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ƒ๊ตฌ?"
12:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:30
"You've achieved nothing -- commit.
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"๋ญ, ํ•ด๋†“์€ ๊ฒŒ ์—†๊ตฌ๋งŒ.
12:32
(Laughter)
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12:33
Spent the first six months breastfeeding, I can see."
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๋ณด์•„ํ•˜๋‹ˆ, ์—„๋งˆ ์ – ๋น ๋Š๋ผ 6๊ฐœ์›”์„ ํ—ˆ๋น„ํ–ˆ๊ตฌ๋งŒ."
12:36
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:41
See, it's outrageous as a conception.
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ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งค๋ฃŒ์‹œํ‚ค์ฃ .
12:44
The other big issue is conformity.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆœ์‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
We have built our education systems on the model of fast food.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒจ์ŠคํŠธ ํ‘ธ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
This is something Jamie Oliver talked about the other day.
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๋ฉฐ์น  ์ „์— ์ œ์ด๋ฏธ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
There are two models of quality assurance in catering.
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์Œ์‹์‚ฌ์—…์—๋Š” ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒจ์ŠคํŠธํ‘ธ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ธ๋ฐ,
12:56
One is fast food, where everything is standardized.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ํ•˜์˜€์ฃ .
12:59
The other is like Zagat and Michelin restaurants,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” '์žฌ๊ฒƒ์•ค๋ฏธ์‰๋ฆฐ ์‹๋‹น' ๋ชจ๋ธ์ธ๋ฐ,
13:01
where everything is not standardized,
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
13:03
they're customized to local circumstances.
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ํ˜„์žฅ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž๋„๋ก ์กฐ์œจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
And we have sold ourselves into a fast-food model of education,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํŒจ์ŠคํŠธํ‘ธ๋“œ์‹ ๊ต์œก๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋ผ์›Œ๋งž์ถฐ์™”๊ณ .
13:08
and it's impoverishing our spirit and our energies
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ํŒจ์ŠคํŠธํ‘ธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œก์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด
13:11
as much as fast food is depleting our physical bodies.
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ํŒจ์ŠคํŠธํ‘ธ๋“œ ๊ต์œก๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:15
(Applause)
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:21
We have to recognize a couple of things here.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
One is that human talent is tremendously diverse.
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13:25
People have very different aptitudes.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:27
I worked out recently that I was given a guitar as a kid
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋‹ˆ
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ธฐํƒ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ
13:31
at about the same time that Eric Clapton got his first guitar.
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์—๋ฆญ ํด๋žฉํŠผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋•Œ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ธฐํƒ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
(Laughter)
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13:35
It worked out for Eric, that's all I'm saying.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์—๋ฆญ์€ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
13:38
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:39
In a way --
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ํ•œ๋ฐ, ์ „ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ๋˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
13:41
it did not for me.
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13:42
I could not get this thing to work
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํŠ•๊ฒจ๋Œ€๋Š๋ƒ๋ž‘์€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
13:45
no matter how often or how hard I blew into it.
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”.
13:47
It just wouldn't work.
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์ง„์งœ ์•ˆ๋˜๋”๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”.
13:49
(Laughter)
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์ด ์ „๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
13:53
But it's not only about that.
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13:54
It's about passion.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ด์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
Often, people are good at things they don't really care for.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์Ÿ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๊ณง์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์—ด์ •์ด์ฃ .
13:59
It's about passion,
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14:00
and what excites our spirit and our energy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋“๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
And if you're doing the thing that you love to do, that you're good at,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ผ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜ ์ž˜ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:06
time takes a different course entirely.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
My wife's just finished writing a novel,
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์ œ ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์„ค์ง‘ํ•„์„ ๋ง‰ ๋๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”,
14:11
and I think it's a great book,
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์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ฑ…์ด์ฃ ,
14:14
but she disappears for hours on end.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์งˆ ์•Š๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
14:17
You know this, if you're doing something you love,
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๋‹ค๋“ค ๋Š๋ผ์…จ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”,
14:19
an hour feels like five minutes.
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1์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ 5๋ถ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
If you're doing something that doesn't resonate with your spirit,
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ •์‹ ์„ ์Ÿ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด,
5๋ถ„์ด 1์‹œ๊ฐ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
five minutes feels like an hour.
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14:26
And the reason so many people are opting out of education
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ต์œก์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ดํƒˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
14:29
is because it doesn't feed their spirit,
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๊ต์œก์ด ์ •์‹ ์„ ์‚ด์ฐŒ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
14:31
it doesn't feed their energy or their passion.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์—ด์ •์„ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ฃผ์งˆ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
So I think we have to change metaphors.
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14:37
We have to go from what is essentially an industrial model of education,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์„ ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ์ˆœ์ข…, ์ธ์ ํš์ผํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ
๊ต์œก ์‚ฐ์—…๋ชจ๋ธ,
14:41
a manufacturing model,
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14:42
which is based on linearity and conformity and batching people.
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์ œ์กฐ์‹ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ
ํƒˆํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
We have to move to a model
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๋†์—…์  ์›์น™์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ
14:49
that is based more on principles of agriculture.
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๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์˜ฎ์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
We have to recognize
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฒˆ์˜์ด
14:53
that human flourishing is not a mechanical process;
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
14:57
it's an organic process.
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์œ ๊ธฐ์  ๊ณผ์ •์ž„์„ ์ž๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
And you cannot predict the outcome of human development.
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์ธ์ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์ง€์š”.
ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์˜ค์ง, ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋†๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
15:03
All you can do, like a farmer, is create the conditions
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๋ฒˆ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
15:05
under which they will begin to flourish.
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์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
So when we look at reforming education and transforming it,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์œก์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑด,
15:11
it isn't like cloning a system.
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์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
There are great ones, like KIPP's; it's a great system.
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KIPP(์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ฐœํ˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ) ๊ฐ™์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
There are many great models.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
15:18
It's about customizing to your circumstances
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๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š”
15:21
and personalizing education to the people you're actually teaching.
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๋งž์ถค์‹ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„
๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋งž์ถฐ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
And doing that, I think, is the answer to the future
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ
๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์ด๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
15:28
because it's not about scaling a new solution;
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๊ทธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋‹ค๋ค„๋ณด๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
15:32
it's about creating a movement in education
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๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ์™ธ๋ถ€์  ์ง€์›๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด
15:34
in which people develop their own solutions,
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๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ
15:37
but with external support based on a personalized curriculum.
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๊ต์œก์  ์šด๋™์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ด๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
Now in this room,
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์ž, ์ด ํšŒ์˜์žฅ์—
15:42
there are people who represent extraordinary resources in business,
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์‚ฌ์—…์ , ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์šด ์ž์›์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š”
15:46
in multimedia, in the Internet.
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๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
These technologies,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์€
15:50
combined with the extraordinary talents of teachers,
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ
15:53
provide an opportunity to revolutionize education.
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๊ต์œกํ˜๋ช… ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
And I urge you to get involved in it
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ด ํ™œ๋™์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹ญ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ํ™œ๋™์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
15:59
because it's vital, not just to ourselves, but to the future of our children.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ํ•„์š”๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๊ฒฐํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
But we have to change from the industrial model
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์‚ฐ์—…๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
๋†์—…๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ํƒˆ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
to an agricultural model,
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16:06
where each school can be flourishing tomorrow.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ์ €๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋ฒˆ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
That's where children experience life.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:11
Or at home, if that's what they choose,
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๋˜๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š”
16:13
to be educated with their families or friends.
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๊ต์œก๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
16:15
There's been a lot of talk about dreams over the course of these few days.
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์š” ๋ฉฐ์น ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
๊ฟˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:20
And I wanted to just very quickly --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์งง๊ฒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์š”.
16:22
I was very struck by Natalie Merchant's songs last night,
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์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ ๋จธ์ฒœํŠธ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์‹œ(ๅค่ฉฉ)๋ฅผ ์žฌํ•ด์„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋Š”
16:25
recovering old poems.
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
16:27
I wanted to read you a quick, very short poem
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W.B ์˜ˆ์ด์ธ ์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์งค๋ง‰ํ•œ ์‹œ ํ•œ ํŽธ์„
16:29
from W. B. Yeats, who some of you may know.
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๋“ค๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ป€๋ฐ์š”, ์•„๋งˆ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋„ ์žˆ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
16:32
He wrote this to his love, Maud Gonne,
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์ด ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์• ์ธ
๋ชจ๋“œ ๊ณค์—๊ฒŒ ์จ์ค€ ์‹œ์ธ๋ฐ
16:36
and he was bewailing the fact
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์„œ
16:39
that he couldn't really give her what he thought she wanted from him.
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์นจํ†ตํ•ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
And he says, "I've got something else, but it may not be for you."
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ตฐ์š”. โ€œ๋‚˜์—๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ๊ป˜ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๊ตฌ๋ ค.โ€
16:45
He says this:
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
"Had I the heavens' embroidered cloths,
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โ€œ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๊ธˆ๋น›๊ณผ ์€๋น›์œผ๋กœ
16:50
Enwrought with gold and silver light,
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์ˆ˜๋†“์€
์ฒœ์ƒ์˜ ์ฒœ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
16:54
The blue and the dim and the dark cloths
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๋ฐค๊ณผ ๋น›, ์–ด์Šค๋ฆ„์„ ๋‹ฎ์•„
ํ‘ธ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ชฝ๋กฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ
16:58
Of night and light and the half-light,
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์น ํ‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ฒœ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
๊ทธ ์ฒœ์„ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ‘์— ํŽผ์ณ๋†“์œผ๋ จ๋งŒ,
17:02
I would spread the cloths under your feet:
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜์—ฌ
17:05
But I, being poor, have only my dreams;
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๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฟˆ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ,
17:10
I have spread my dreams under your feet;
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์ œ ๊ฟˆ์„ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐœ ์•„๋ž˜ ํŽผ์ณ๋†“์•„์š”:
์‚ฌ๋ฟํžˆ ์ฆˆ๋ ค ๋ฐŸ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์…”์š”.
17:14
Tread softly
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17:15
because you tread on my dreams."
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๊ทธ๋Œ€ ๋ฐœ ๋”›๋Š” ๊ณณ ๋‚ด ๊ฟˆ์ด์˜ค๋‹ˆ.โ€
17:18
And every day, everywhere,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์ผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์–ด๋Š๊ณณ์—์„œ๋“ 
17:20
our children spread their dreams beneath our feet.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฟˆ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ‘์— ํŽผ์ณ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:24
And we should tread softly.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฟํžˆ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋‚ด๋””๋ŽŒ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:27
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:28
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
17:32
Thank you very much.
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17:33
(Applause)
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17:37
Thank you.
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17:38
(Applause)
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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