Bring on the learning revolution! | Sir Ken Robinson

1,583,008 views ・ 2010-05-24

TED


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翻译人员: JINGJING DONG 校对人员: Zheng Zeng
00:16
I was here four years ago,
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四年前我站在这里,
00:18
and I remember, at the time,
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我记得在那个时候,
00:20
that the talks weren't put online.
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演讲不是放在网上;
00:23
I think they were given to TEDsters in a box,
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我想演讲是放在盒子里 送给 TEDsters (TED出席者),
00:27
a box set of DVDs,
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一整盒子的 DVD,
00:29
which they put on their shelves, where they are now.
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TEDsters 把它们放到书架上, 它们现在应该还被搁在那。
00:31
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
00:34
And actually, Chris called me a week after I'd given my talk, and said,
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事实上,克里斯在我演讲后一个礼拜,
打电话给我,
00:38
"We're going to start putting them online. Can we put yours online?"
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说: “我们准备把它们放到网上。
能把你的也放到网上吗?” 我说: “当然。”
00:41
And I said, "Sure."
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00:43
And four years later,
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四年以后,
00:45
it's been downloaded four million times.
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就像我说的,已经有四 ...
嗯,它已经被下载了四百万次。
所以我推断,将它 乘以 20 或者其它数字,
00:51
So I suppose you could multiply that by 20 or something
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00:53
to get the number of people who've seen it.
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你就知道有多少人看过它了。
就像克里斯说的,人们对我的视频
00:56
And, as Chris says, there is a hunger for videos of me.
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相当感兴趣。
01:00
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
01:03
(Applause)
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(掌声)
01:09
Don't you feel?
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难道你们不这样认为吗?
01:10
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
01:15
So, this whole event has been an elaborate build-up
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因此,今天这个精心制作准备的演讲,
01:18
to me doing another one for you, so here it is.
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就是为你们而量身订做的。
01:21
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
01:24
Al Gore spoke at the TED conference I spoke at four years ago
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阿尔·戈尔 (Al Gore) 在 TED 研讨会上
有过演讲,那年我也在那儿演说,
01:30
and talked about the climate crisis.
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而他谈的是气候危机。
01:32
And I referenced that at the end of my last talk.
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在我在那次演讲的最后
引用了他的话。
01:36
So I want to pick up from there
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所以我想从那儿开始,
01:38
because I only had 18 minutes, frankly.
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因为,坦率的讲,我仅有 18 分钟。
01:40
(Laughter)
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01:41
So, as I was saying --
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正如同我所说过的...
01:43
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
你看,他是正确的。
01:52
You see, he's right.
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01:53
I mean, there is a major climate crisis, obviously,
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我是说,很显然地, 严重的气候危机的确存在。
01:56
and I think if people don't believe it, they should get out more.
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我认为如果你不相信它, 你就应该想法了解了解。
01:59
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
但是,我相信还有个第二大气候危机,
02:03
But I believe there is a second climate crisis,
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02:06
which is as severe,
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它同样很严重
02:08
which has the same origins,
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并且有着相同的起源,
02:11
and that we have to deal with with the same urgency.
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我们也必须紧急处理它。
我是说 --
02:15
And you may say, by the way,
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但你也许说: “看,够了。
02:17
"Look, I'm good.
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我已经有一个气候危机;
02:19
I have one climate crisis, I don't really need the second one."
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我不需要再有第二个了。”
02:22
(Laughter)
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02:23
But this is a crisis of, not natural resources --
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但是,这个与自然资源无关的危机 --
即使我相信确实存在自然灾害的危机 --
02:26
though I believe that's true --
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02:28
but a crisis of human resources.
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即为人力资源的危机。
02:30
I believe fundamentally,
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我相信,从根本上说,
02:32
as many speakers have said during the past few days,
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就像许多演讲者 在过去的几天中说的,
我们完全没有好好地利用
02:35
that we make very poor use of our talents.
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我们自己的天赋。
02:40
Very many people go through their whole lives
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许多人回顾他们的整个人生,
02:42
having no real sense of what their talents may be,
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完全不知道他们的天赋是什么,
02:45
or if they have any to speak of.
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或者他们从未提及 任何关于他们天赋的事。
我遇到过各种各样的人,
02:48
I meet all kinds of people
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02:49
who don't think they're really good at anything.
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他们不认为自己 擅长于任何一件事。
02:52
Actually, I kind of divide the world into two groups now.
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事实上,我大概把世界分为两组。
02:56
Jeremy Bentham, the great utilitarian philosopher,
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杰里米·边沁 (Jeremy Bentham), 著名的实用主义哲学家,
02:59
once spiked this argument.
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曾经反对这个论点。
03:01
He said, "There are two types of people in this world:
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他说:“世上有两种人,
03:03
those who divide the world into two types
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一种人把世界分为两种,
03:05
and those who do not."
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另一种则没有这样做。”
03:07
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
03:12
Well, I do.
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其实,我支持这论点。
03:14
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
03:19
I meet all kinds of people who don't enjoy what they do.
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我遇到过各种各样的人,
他们不喜欢他们正在做的事。
03:24
They simply go through their lives getting on with it.
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他们简单过着他们的生活,
只是对付。
03:27
They get no great pleasure from what they do.
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他们从他们的 工作中感受不到愉快。
03:30
They endure it rather than enjoy it,
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他们忍受它,而不是享受它,
03:33
and wait for the weekend.
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只等着周末。
03:36
But I also meet people
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但是我也遇到过一些人,
03:38
who love what they do and couldn't imagine doing anything else.
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他们深爱着他们的工作,
甚至不能想象他们在做别的事情。
03:42
If you said, "Don't do this anymore,"
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如果你对他们说:“不要干这个了。” 他们会很难理解你在说什么。
03:44
they'd wonder what you're talking about.
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因为这和他们在干什么无关, 这就是他们。他们说:
03:46
It isn't what they do, it's who they are.
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03:48
They say, "But this is me, you know.
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“但是这是我,你知道。
03:50
It would be foolish to abandon this,
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如果我放弃这会让我显得很愚蠢,因为
03:52
because it speaks to my most authentic self."
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这就是我最真实的自我写照。”
03:54
And it's not true of enough people.
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许多人不是这样的。
03:57
In fact, on the contrary, I think it's still true of a minority of people.
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事实上,正相反,我认为
这无疑只是一小部分人。
04:01
And I think there are many possible explanations for it.
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我认为对此可能
有许多解释。
04:05
And high among them is education,
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其中最可能的解释
是教育,
04:09
because education, in a way,
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因为教育在某种程度上,
使许多人
04:12
dislocates very many people from their natural talents.
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远离其自身的天赋。
人力资源就像是自然资源;
04:16
And human resources are like natural resources;
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它们通常埋藏地很深。
04:19
they're often buried deep.
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04:20
You have to go looking for them,
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你必须去找寻它们。
04:22
they're not just lying around on the surface.
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它们不会只是躺在地表。
04:24
You have to create the circumstances where they show themselves.
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你必须创造它们自我展现的环境。
04:27
And you might imagine education would be the way that happens,
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你或许认为教育
是让它们发生的环境。
04:31
but too often, it's not.
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但是,许多时候,不是的。
04:33
Every education system in the world is being reformed at the moment
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世界上每个教育系统
都是被改革过的。
04:37
and it's not enough.
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这是不足够的。
04:39
Reform is no use anymore,
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改革不再有用了,
因为它只简单地改进 一个已破碎的模式。
04:42
because that's simply improving a broken model.
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我们需要的是 --
04:45
What we need --
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04:46
and the word's been used many times in the past few days --
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这个词在过去的几天里, 已经被用过很多遍 --
不是进化论,
04:49
is not evolution,
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而是教育革命。
04:51
but a revolution in education.
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它一定要被转换成
04:54
This has to be transformed into something else.
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其它的形式。
04:57
(Applause)
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(掌声)
05:03
One of the real challenges is to innovate fundamentally in education.
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其中最艰巨的挑战
是对教育体系
的彻底创新。
05:09
Innovation is hard,
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创新是艰辛的,
05:11
because it means doing something that people don't find very easy,
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因为它意味着去干
人们在大多数情况下 不是很容易去干的事情。
05:14
for the most part.
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它意味着实实在在的挑战
05:16
It means challenging what we take for granted,
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05:18
things that we think are obvious.
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我们认为是明显的食物。
05:21
The great problem for reform or transformation
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重整或改革中
最大的问题
05:25
is the tyranny of common sense.
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是社会常识的专政统治,
人们认为,
05:28
Things that people think,
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05:29
"It can't be done differently, that's how it's done."
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“事情是不能用其它方法做的, 因为他们是用这种方法做的。”
我突然想起了亚伯拉罕·林肯 (Abraham Lincoln) 的经典句子,
05:32
I came across a great quote recently from Abraham Lincoln,
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05:34
who I thought you'd be pleased to have quoted at this point.
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我想他一定高兴 他的句子用到了这里。
05:37
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
05:39
He said this in December 1862 to the second annual meeting of Congress.
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他在1862年12月
第二届年度会议中。
05:46
I ought to explain that I have no idea what was happening at the time.
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我解释一下,对于当时发生了什么, 我完全不知道。
05:51
We don't teach American history in Britain.
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我们在英国不教美国历史。
05:53
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
05:55
We suppress it. You know, this is our policy.
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我们抑制它,你知道,这是我们的政策。
05:58
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
06:01
No doubt, something fascinating was happening then,
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因为,毋庸置疑,一件有吸引力的 事情在1862年12月发生了,
06:03
which the Americans among us will be aware of.
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我们中的美国人
将会知道我说的。
06:08
But he said this:
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他说到:
06:10
"The dogmas of the quiet past are inadequate to the stormy present.
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“在平静的过去中的
教条
和暴风雨的现代是不相匹的。
时机
06:18
The occasion is piled high with difficulty,
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被艰难地推到高处,
06:21
and we must rise with the occasion."
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我们必须和时机一起进步。”
我喜欢这句话。
06:25
I love that.
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06:26
Not rise to it, rise with it.
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不是为它进步,而是与时俱进。
06:30
"As our case is new,
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“因为我们的处境是新的,
06:32
so we must think anew and act anew.
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我们必须重新思考,
重新行动。
06:38
We must disenthrall ourselves,
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我们必须解放我们自己,
06:41
and then we shall save our country."
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然后才能拯救我们的国家。”
06:44
I love that word, "disenthrall."
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我喜欢这个词“解放”
06:46
You know what it means?
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你知道它的意义吗?
06:48
That there are ideas that all of us are enthralled to,
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我们所有人被解放到这些想法,
06:51
which we simply take for granted as the natural order of things,
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我们理所当然的接受它,
就像自然的事物,就是这样。
06:54
the way things are.
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06:55
And many of our ideas have been formed,
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许多我们的想法已成型了,
它们是不能和这个世纪的 客观环境相融合的,
06:58
not to meet the circumstances of this century,
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07:00
but to cope with the circumstances of previous centuries.
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它们只能对付上个世纪的环境。
07:03
But our minds are still hypnotized by them,
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但是我们的想法仍旧被它催眠者。
07:05
and we have to disenthrall ourselves of some of them.
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我们必须多多少少 从中解放出来。
07:08
Now, doing this is easier said than done.
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说是比做容易。
07:11
It's very hard to know, by the way, what it is you take for granted.
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此外,很难知道, 你认为什么是理所当然的。
07:14
And the reason is that you take it for granted.
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还有,为什么你认为它是理所当然的。
07:17
(Laughter)
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让我问你一些问题, 你可能认为是理所当然的。
07:18
Let me ask you something you may take for granted.
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07:20
How many of you here are over the age of 25?
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在座的有多少人是 25 岁以上?
07:23
That's not what you take for granted, I'm sure you're familiar with that.
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这不是我认为你是理所当然的。
我确信你很熟悉这个。
07:27
Are there any people here under the age of 25?
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有人小于25岁吗?
很好,那些大于25岁的,
07:31
Great. Now, those over 25,
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07:33
could you put your hands up if you're wearing your wristwatch?
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如果你带一块腕表,请把手举起来。
腕表对于我们很有用,不是吗?
07:37
Now that's a great deal of us, isn't it?
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07:39
Ask a room full of teenagers the same thing.
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那同样的问题 问一屋子十几岁的年轻人。
07:42
Teenagers do not wear wristwatches.
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年轻人不带腕表。
07:44
I don't mean they can't,
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我不是说他们不能或者他们不许,
07:46
they just often choose not to.
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他们只是常常选择不带。
07:48
And the reason is we were brought up in a pre-digital culture,
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原因是,你看,我们这些25岁以上的,
是在数字时代前的文化中养育大的。
07:52
those of us over 25.
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07:53
And so for us, if you want to know the time,
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因为对于我们,如果你想要知道时间,
07:55
you have to wear something to tell it.
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你不得不带个什么东西来告诉你。
07:57
Kids now live in a world which is digitized,
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孩子们现在生活在数字时代,
08:00
and the time, for them, is everywhere.
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时间对于他们来讲,到处都是。
08:02
They see no reason to do this.
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他们不理解为什么带手表。
08:04
And by the way, you don't need either;
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顺便说一句,你同样也不需要;
08:06
it's just that you've always done it and you carry on doing it.
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仅仅是因为你习惯了, 你就继续做下去。
08:09
My daughter never wears a watch, my daughter Kate, who's 20.
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我女儿从不带手表, 我女儿凯特20岁。
08:12
She doesn't see the point.
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她看不到手表的重要性。
08:13
As she says,
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她说:“这是单一功能的装置。”
08:15
"It's a single-function device."
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08:17
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
08:22
"Like, how lame is that?"
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就像它是多蹩脚的。
08:25
And I say, "No, no, it tells the date as well."
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我说:“不不,它同样也显示时间。”
08:27
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
08:32
"It has multiple functions."
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“它有多重功能。”
08:33
(Laughter)
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08:35
But, you see, there are things we're enthralled to in education.
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但是,你看,这就是 我们被教育束缚的事情。
让我再举些例子。
08:39
A couple of examples.
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08:40
One of them is the idea of linearity:
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它们中的一个是线性想法。
08:43
that it starts here and you go through a track
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从这里开始,你在一个轨道上前进,
08:46
and if you do everything right,
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如果你做对每件事,你就到达
08:47
you will end up set for the rest of your life.
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你后半生想要的生活。
08:52
Everybody who's spoken at TED has told us implicitly,
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每个在TED演讲的人 都婉转或明确地
08:54
or sometimes explicitly, a different story:
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向我们诉说不同的故事:
08:57
that life is not linear; it's organic.
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生活不是线性的,它是有机的。
09:00
We create our lives symbiotically
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我们创造我们共同的生活,
09:02
as we explore our talents
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就像我们发觉我们的天赋,
09:04
in relation to the circumstances they help to create for us.
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和天赋帮助我们创造自我的关系。
09:07
But, you know, we have become obsessed with this linear narrative.
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但是你知道,我们变得对这个线性故事
很著迷。
09:11
And probably the pinnacle for education is getting you to college.
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可能是教育的顶峰
是被大学录取。
09:15
I think we are obsessed with getting people to college.
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我认为执迷于让人们进入大学,
09:18
Certain sorts of college.
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进入某种类型的大学。
09:19
I don't mean you shouldn't go, but not everybody needs to go,
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我不是说你不应该上大学, 但是不是每个人都需要上大学,
09:22
or go now.
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尤其是现在。
09:24
Maybe they go later, not right away.
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他们可以迟一点上大学,不一定马上。
09:26
And I was up in San Francisco a while ago doing a book signing.
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我前一阵子在旧金山
举行新书签名会。
09:29
There was this guy buying a book, he was in his 30s.
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其中有一个30岁左右 的男人买我的书。
09:32
I said, "What do you do?"
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我问到:“你是干什么的?”
09:34
And he said, "I'm a fireman."
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他说:“我是消防员。”
09:37
I asked, "How long have you been a fireman?"
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我又问:“你当消防员多久了?”
09:39
"Always. I've always been a fireman."
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他说:“一辈子,我一直就是个消防员。”
我说:“哦,你什么时候决定的?”
09:42
"Well, when did you decide?" He said, "As a kid.
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他说:“很小的时候。” 他说: “事实上,这让我在中学时遇到了困难,
09:44
Actually, it was a problem for me at school,
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09:46
because at school, everybody wanted to be a fireman."
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因为学校里的每个人 都想成为消防员。”
09:49
(Laughter)
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他说:“我想成为消防员。”
09:50
He said, "But I wanted to be a fireman."
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他又说:“当我升上高年级的时候,
09:53
And he said, "When I got to the senior year of school,
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09:55
my teachers didn't take it seriously.
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我的老师们不以为然。
09:58
This one teacher didn't take it seriously.
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有一个老师,特别不以为然,
10:00
He said I was throwing my life away
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他说如果这是我全部的选择,
10:02
if that's all I chose to do with it;
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我就是在荒废我的青春。
10:04
that I should go to college, I should become a professional person,
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我应该上大学,成为一个职业白领,
10:07
that I had great potential
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我有很大的潜能,
10:09
and I was wasting my talent to do that."
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如果这么做的话, 我就是在浪费我的天赋。”
10:11
He said, "It was humiliating.
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他又说:“这使我感到羞辱,因为
10:12
It was in front of the whole class and I felt dreadful.
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那个老师在全班面前说了此话, 我感到糟糕透了。
10:15
But it's what I wanted, and as soon as I left school,
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但是这就是我想要的, 从中学毕业后,
10:17
I applied to the fire service and I was accepted.
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我马上申请了消防工作,并且被录取了。”
10:20
You know, I was thinking about that guy recently,
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他说:“你知道,在你问我的几秒钟前,
10:22
just a few minutes ago when you were speaking, about this teacher,
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我突然想起了那个老师。”
10:25
because six months ago, I saved his life."
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他说:“因为六个月前,
我挽救了他的生命。”
10:29
(Laughter)
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3212
(笑声)
他说:“他在一辆严重损坏的汽车里,
10:32
He said, "He was in a car wreck, and I pulled him out, gave him CPR,
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我把他拉了出来, 给他做了心脏起博复苏,
10:36
and I saved his wife's life as well."
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我同时也救了他的妻子。”
10:39
He said, "I think he thinks better of me now."
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他说:“我认为他现在 对我的想法要好多了。”
10:41
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
10:43
(Applause)
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(掌声)
10:49
You know, to me,
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1199
你知道,对于我来说,
10:51
human communities depend upon a diversity of talent,
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人类社会取决于
天赋的多样性,
10:55
not a singular conception of ability.
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不是单一能力的思维。
10:58
And at the heart of our challenges --
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在我们挑战的中心 --
11:00
(Applause)
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(掌声)
11:02
At the heart of the challenge
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在我们挑战的中心
11:04
is to reconstitute our sense of ability and of intelligence.
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是重新组建我们的能力
和智慧。
11:08
This linearity thing is a problem.
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线性思考是一个问题。
当我九年前
11:11
When I arrived in L.A. about nine years ago,
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来到洛杉矶的时候,
11:14
I came across a policy statement --
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我对一种观点有很深的印象,
一种非常有意识的政策宣言:
11:18
very well-intentioned --
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1263
11:19
which said, "College begins in kindergarten."
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“大学起始于幼儿园。”
11:24
No, it doesn't.
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不,不是这样的。
11:25
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
11:29
It doesn't.
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不是这样的。
11:31
If we had time, I could go into this, but we don't.
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如果我有时间, 我会在这里详细说明,但是我没有。
11:34
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
11:36
Kindergarten begins in kindergarten.
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幼儿园起始于幼儿园。
11:38
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
我的一个朋友曾经说过:
11:41
A friend of mine once said,
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11:42
"A three year-old is not half a six year-old."
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”你知道,三岁的孩童 不是六岁孩童的一半。“
11:45
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
11:47
(Applause)
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(掌声)
11:52
They're three.
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他们三岁。
11:53
But as we just heard in this last session,
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就像我们上边听到的那个例子,
11:55
there's such competition now to get into kindergarten --
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上幼儿园的竞争很大,
11:59
to get to the right kindergarten --
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尤其是上对的幼儿园,
三岁就要开始面试。
12:01
that people are being interviewed for it at three.
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三岁!
孩子们坐在无聊的专家咨询组前,
12:07
Kids sitting in front of unimpressed panels,
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你知道,带着他们的简历。
12:09
you know, with their resumes --
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12:10
(Laughter)
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2591
(笑声)
12:13
Flicking through and saying, "What, this is it?"
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草草翻阅,然后说:“就这些?”
12:15
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
12:17
(Applause)
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(掌声)
12:20
"You've been around for 36 months, and this is it?"
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“你已经在这儿混了三十六个月了,就这些?”
12:23
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
12:30
"You've achieved nothing -- commit.
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“你没有完成任何事情,这是我的意见。
12:32
(Laughter)
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12:33
Spent the first six months breastfeeding, I can see."
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母乳喂养了六个月,这就只是我能看到的。”
12:36
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
12:41
See, it's outrageous as a conception.
264
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2587
看,这个想法是无法容忍的, 但是它吸引着我们。
12:44
The other big issue is conformity.
265
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2190
另一个很大的问题是循规蹈矩。
12:46
We have built our education systems on the model of fast food.
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我们把我们的教育系统
建立在快餐的基础上。
12:50
This is something Jamie Oliver talked about the other day.
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杰米·奥利弗曾经提到这个问题。
12:53
There are two models of quality assurance in catering.
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你知道高质量保证的 饮食业有两种形态。
一是快餐,
12:56
One is fast food, where everything is standardized.
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全部标准化。
12:59
The other is like Zagat and Michelin restaurants,
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2315
二是像扎格特和米什兰饭店,
13:01
where everything is not standardized,
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全不标准化,
13:03
they're customized to local circumstances.
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2025
它们制定标准满足当地情况。
13:05
And we have sold ourselves into a fast-food model of education,
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我们出让我们自己, 建立快餐模式的教育。
13:08
and it's impoverishing our spirit and our energies
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它正在耗尽我们的精神和能量,
13:11
as much as fast food is depleting our physical bodies.
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就像快餐正在耗尽 我们的身体资源。
(掌声)
13:15
(Applause)
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我认为我们在这里 必须认识到一些事情。
13:21
We have to recognize a couple of things here.
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其一是人类天赋有巨大的多样性。
13:23
One is that human talent is tremendously diverse.
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13:25
People have very different aptitudes.
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人们有非常不同的天资。
13:27
I worked out recently that I was given a guitar as a kid
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我最近才发觉一件事:
我在很小的时候得到了一个吉他,
13:31
at about the same time that Eric Clapton got his first guitar.
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2976
大概是埃里克·克莱普顿 得到他的第一个吉他的时候。
13:34
(Laughter)
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1604
13:35
It worked out for Eric, that's all I'm saying.
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2232
你知道,埃里克成功了,我仅想说这个。
13:38
(Laughter)
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1022
(笑声)
13:39
In a way --
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1087
在某种方式上,它在我身上不起作用。
13:41
it did not for me.
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1267
13:42
I could not get this thing to work
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2541
我不能使吉他工作,
13:45
no matter how often or how hard I blew into it.
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2532
无论多经常,或是多努力地弹它。
13:47
It just wouldn't work.
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1707
它就是不工作。
13:49
(Laughter)
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1324
不仅仅是这样。
13:53
But it's not only about that.
291
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1381
13:54
It's about passion.
292
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1158
这和热情息息相关。
13:56
Often, people are good at things they don't really care for.
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2907
通常,人们善于去做 他们不用太花心思去做的事情。
是热情,
13:59
It's about passion,
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1194
14:00
and what excites our spirit and our energy.
295
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2676
使我们精力和能量兴奋。
14:03
And if you're doing the thing that you love to do, that you're good at,
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3381
如果你正在做你热爱的事情,
14:06
time takes a different course entirely.
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2270
你花在这件事上的时间便不同。
14:09
My wife's just finished writing a novel,
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2177
我妻子刚完成了一部小说,
14:11
and I think it's a great book,
299
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3031
我认为它是极好的书。
14:14
but she disappears for hours on end.
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2600
写这本书的结尾时, 她消失了好几个小时。
14:17
You know this, if you're doing something you love,
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2381
你知道,如果你正在做你喜爱的事情,
14:19
an hour feels like five minutes.
302
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1885
一小时感觉就像五分钟。
14:22
If you're doing something that doesn't resonate with your spirit,
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3048
如果你正在做一件 不和你精神发生共鸣的事情,
五分钟就像是一小时。
14:25
five minutes feels like an hour.
304
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1591
14:26
And the reason so many people are opting out of education
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2684
许多人退出教育的原因
14:29
is because it doesn't feed their spirit,
306
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2317
是教育对他们的精力起不到供给,
14:31
it doesn't feed their energy or their passion.
307
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2778
供给不到他们的精力和热情。
因此,我认为我们必须改变暗喻。
14:35
So I think we have to change metaphors.
308
875034
1990
14:37
We have to go from what is essentially an industrial model of education,
309
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3531
我们必须从基于工业化的
制造业的教育模式,
14:41
a manufacturing model,
310
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1801
14:42
which is based on linearity and conformity and batching people.
311
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4363
这个模式是基于线性的,
标准化的和批量生产的人们,
14:47
We have to move to a model
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1905
我们必须移到一个
14:49
that is based more on principles of agriculture.
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2579
基于农业生产原理的模式。
14:52
We have to recognize
314
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1263
我们必须认识到 人类的蒸蒸日上
14:53
that human flourishing is not a mechanical process;
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3927
不是一个工业制造的过程,
14:57
it's an organic process.
316
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1929
是一个有机的过程。
14:59
And you cannot predict the outcome of human development.
317
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3586
而且你不能预计人类发展的结果;
所有你能做的,就像种庄稼的,
15:03
All you can do, like a farmer, is create the conditions
318
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2693
建造使它们
15:05
under which they will begin to flourish.
319
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2173
开始开花的条件。
15:08
So when we look at reforming education and transforming it,
320
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3261
因此,当我们看待 教育改革和教育改造,
15:11
it isn't like cloning a system.
321
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2258
它不会像是复制一个系统
15:14
There are great ones, like KIPP's; it's a great system.
322
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2572
像 KIPPs,尽管它是极好的系统,
15:16
There are many great models.
323
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1839
有许多极好的模式。
15:18
It's about customizing to your circumstances
324
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3222
而是对你真正教的人们
15:21
and personalizing education to the people you're actually teaching.
325
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3425
个人化教育环境,
个人化教育。
15:25
And doing that, I think, is the answer to the future
326
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3073
做这事,我认为
是对未来的道路。
15:28
because it's not about scaling a new solution;
327
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3415
因为它不是找出一个新的解决办法;
15:32
it's about creating a movement in education
328
932424
2317
是关于发展一个教育运动,
15:34
in which people develop their own solutions,
329
934765
2471
其中人们开发他们自己的解决办法,
15:37
but with external support based on a personalized curriculum.
330
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3285
同时得到基于个人条件的外在支持。
15:40
Now in this room,
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1667
现在,在这个房间,
15:42
there are people who represent extraordinary resources in business,
332
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3976
有人拥有
商业中非凡的资源,
15:46
in multimedia, in the Internet.
333
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2292
在多媒体,在互联网。
15:48
These technologies,
334
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1660
这些科技,
15:50
combined with the extraordinary talents of teachers,
335
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2766
和教师卓越的天赋相结合,
15:53
provide an opportunity to revolutionize education.
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3853
提供了一个教育革命的机会。
15:56
And I urge you to get involved in it
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2095
我鼓励你参与其中,
因为它是极重要的, 不仅是对我们自身,
15:59
because it's vital, not just to ourselves, but to the future of our children.
338
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3620
而是对我们孩子的未来。
16:02
But we have to change from the industrial model
339
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2403
但是我们必须从工业模式中解放,
变成农业模式,
16:05
to an agricultural model,
340
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1651
16:06
where each school can be flourishing tomorrow.
341
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3024
当中,每个学校明天就能繁荣兴盛。
16:09
That's where children experience life.
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1848
它是孩子们的经验生活。
16:11
Or at home, if that's what they choose,
343
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1866
或者在家,如果那是他们和他家人朋友
16:13
to be educated with their families or friends.
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2213
选择被教育的地方。
16:15
There's been a lot of talk about dreams over the course of these few days.
345
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4151
在过去的几天里,
有很多关于梦想的演讲。
16:20
And I wanted to just very quickly --
346
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2026
我只想很快 --
16:22
I was very struck by Natalie Merchant's songs last night,
347
982524
2905
娜塔莉·莫奇的歌困在我的脑海里,
16:25
recovering old poems.
348
985453
1285
寻回久的诗歌。
16:27
I wanted to read you a quick, very short poem
349
987468
2136
我想要读一个快的短的诗歌,
16:29
from W. B. Yeats, who some of you may know.
350
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2090
W.B.·叶芝,他是你可能知道的某个人。
16:32
He wrote this to his love, Maud Gonne,
351
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3869
他写给他的爱人,
昴德·冈昂,
16:36
and he was bewailing the fact
352
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2881
他正在为事实痛苦,
16:39
that he couldn't really give her what he thought she wanted from him.
353
999058
3250
他不能真的给她,他认为她想要的。
16:42
And he says, "I've got something else, but it may not be for you."
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他说:“我有一些另外的东西,但它并不是给你的。”
16:45
He says this:
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1142
他说:
16:47
"Had I the heavens' embroidered cloths,
356
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2872
“天堂已经在衣服上刺绣了,
16:50
Enwrought with gold and silver light,
357
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2873
用金色
和银色的灯光,
16:54
The blue and the dim and the dark cloths
358
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3437
蓝色的,暗淡的,
和黑色的衣服,
16:58
Of night and light and the half-light,
359
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2927
用夜色的灯光和半灯光,
我将衣服延展到你脚下;
17:02
I would spread the cloths under your feet:
360
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2145
但是我,这个穷困者,
17:05
But I, being poor, have only my dreams;
361
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3974
只有我的梦想;
17:10
I have spread my dreams under your feet;
362
1030156
2584
我延伸我的梦想到你脚下;
轻轻的踩,
17:14
Tread softly
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1008
17:15
because you tread on my dreams."
364
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1760
因为你正在踩我的梦想上。”
17:18
And every day, everywhere,
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2784
每天,每处,
17:20
our children spread their dreams beneath our feet.
366
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3189
我们的孩子延伸 他们的梦想到你脚下。
17:24
And we should tread softly.
367
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1344
我们应该轻轻地踩。
17:27
Thank you.
368
1047449
1073
谢谢。
17:28
(Applause)
369
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3634
(掌声)
17:32
Thank you very much.
370
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1379
17:33
(Applause)
371
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4018
17:37
Thank you.
372
1057649
1015
17:38
(Applause)
373
1058688
3000
非常感谢
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