Brian Cox: What went wrong at the Large Hadron Collider

Prevodilac: Stevan Radanovic Lektor: Sandra Gojic

Last year at TED I gave an introduction to the LHC.

Na prošlogodišnjem govoru upoznao sam vas sa LHC-om.

And I promised to come back and give you an update

I obećao sam da cu doći ponovo sa novim informacijama

on how that machine worked.

o tome kako ta mašina radi.

So this is it. And for those of you that weren't there,

Zato sam sada ovde. A za sve vas koji niste bili prisutni,

the LHC is the largest scientific experiment ever attempted --

LHC je najveći naučni eksperiment ikada pokušan -

27 kilometers in circumference.

27 kilometara u obimu.

Its job is to recreate the conditions

Njegov zadatak je da ponovo stvori uslove

that were present less than a billionth of a second after the universe began,

koji su bili prisutni u manje od milijarditog dela sekunde nakon nastanka univerzuma,

up to 600 million times a second.

do 600 miliona puta u sekundi.

It's nothing if not ambitious.

U najmanju ruku ambiciozno.

This is the machine below Geneva.

Ovo je akcelerator ispod Ženeve.

We take the pictures of those mini-Big Bangs inside detectors.

Slikamo te mini-Velike praske koji se dešavaju u detektorima.

This is the one I work on. It's called the ATLAS detector --

Ovo je jedan od njih na kojem ja radim. Ime mu je ATLAS detektor -

44 meters wide, 22 meters in diameter.

44 metara dugačak, 22 metra u prečniku.

Spectacular picture here of ATLAS under construction

Spektakularna slika iz perioda sklapanja ATLAS-a

so you can see the scale.

da biste stekli utisak o veličini.

On the 10th of September last year we turned the machine on for the first time.

Po prvi put smo uključili akcelerator 10. septembra prethodne godine.

And this picture was taken by ATLAS.

Ovu sliku je uslikao ATLAS.

It caused immense celebration in the control room.

Bila je uzrok ogromnog veselja u kontrolnoj sobi.

It's a picture of the first beam particle

To je slika prvog snopa čestica

going all the way around the LHC,

kako se posle prolaska celom dužinom LHC-a

colliding with a piece of the LHC deliberately,

sudara sa svrsishodno postavljenim delom LHC-a

and showering particles into the detector.

i rasipa čestice u detektor.

In other words, when we saw that picture on September 10th

Druim rečima, kada smo videli tu sliku 10. septembra

we knew the machine worked,

znali smo da akcelerator radi,

which is a great triumph.

što je veliki trijumf.

I don't know whether this got the biggest cheer,

Nisam siguran da li je to prouzrokovalo najglasnije radovanje

or this, when someone went onto Google

ili ovo, kada je neko otvorio Google

and saw the front page was like that.

i video da naslovna strana ovako izgleda.

It means we made cultural impact

To znači da smo ostvarili kulturološki uticaj,

as well as scientific impact.

kao i naučni.

About a week later we had a problem with the machine,

Oko nedelju dana kasnije se dogodio problem na akceleratoru,

related actually to these bits of wire here -- these gold wires.

zapravo na ovim delovima žice ovde - ovim zlatnim žicama.

Those wires carry 13 thousand amps

Te žice provode 13 hiljada ampera

when the machine is working in full power.

kada akcelerator radi u punom režimu.

Now the engineers amongst you will look at them and say,

Inženjeri među vama će ih pogledati i reći:

"No they don't. They're small wires."

"Nemoguće. To su male žice."

They can do that because

Te žice mogu to da rade zato što

when they are very cold they are what's called superconducting wire.

su u stanju superprovodnosti kada se dovoljno ohlade.

So at minus 271 degrees,

Dakle, na minus 271 stepeni Celzjusa,

colder than the space between the stars,

što je hladnije od međuzvezdanog prostora,

those wires can take that current.

te žice mogu da provode struju te jačine.

In one of the joints between over 9,000 magnets in LHC,

Jedan od više od 9 hiljada sklopova magneta LHC-a

there was a manufacturing defect.

je napravljen sa greškom,

So the wire heated up slightly,

tako da se žica zagrejala veoma malo

and its 13,000 amps suddenly encountered electrical resistance.

i 13 hiljada ampera je odjednom naišlo na električni otpor.

This was the result.

Ovo je bio rezultat.

Now that's more impressive

Ipak, ovo je impresivnije

when you consider those magnets weigh over 20 tons,

kada uzmete u obzir da ti magneti imaju masu od preko 20 tona

and they moved about a foot.

i da su pomereni oko trećine metra.

So we damaged about 50 of the magnets.

Oštećeno je oko 50 magneta.

We had to take them out, which we did.

Morali smo da ih izvadimo, što smo i uradili.

We reconditioned them all, fixed them.

Sve smo ih popravili i vratili u radno stanje

They're all on their way back underground now.

i upravo ovih dana ih šaljemo nazad u podzemni tunel.

By the end of March the LHC will be intact again.

LHC će ponovo mirovati do kraja marta.

We will switch it on,

Uključićemo ga,

and we expect to take data in June or July,

a zatim očekujemo podatke u junu ili julu,

and continue with our quest to find out

kao nastavak naše potrage za odgovorom na pitanje

what the building blocks of the universe are.

od čega je sazdan naš univerzum.

Now of course, in a way

Naravno, na neki način

those accidents reignite the debate

ove nezgode ponovo dovode u fokus debatu

about the value of science and engineering at the edge. It's easy to refute.

o vrednosti nauke i inženjerstva koji rade na nečemu potpuno novom. Lako ih je pobijati.

I think that the fact that it's so difficult,

Mislim da je to što je taj rad toliko težak,

the fact that we're overreaching, is the value of things like the LHC.

činjenica da posežemo za nečim novim, vrednost stvari kao što je LHC.

I will leave the final word to an English scientist, Humphrey Davy,

Poslednju izjavu ću prepustiti engleskom naučniku Hemfri Dejviju

who, I suspect,

koji je da bi osujetio

when defending his protege's useless experiments --

napade na beskorisne eksperimente njegovog štićenika,

his protege was Michael Faraday --

a to je bio Majkl Faradej,

said this, "Nothing is so dangerous

izrekao ovo: "Ništa nije opasnije

to the progress of the human mind

po napredak ljudskog uma

than to assume that our views of science are ultimate,

od pretpostavke da je naše naučno razumevanje sveta savršeno,

that there are no mysteries in nature,

da ne postoje misterije u prirodi,

that our triumphs are complete, and that

da su naši trijumfi kompletirani, i da

there are no new worlds to conquer."

ne postoje novi svetovi koje valja osvojiti."

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)