Brian Cox: What went wrong at the Large Hadron Collider

621,841 views ใƒป 2009-05-01

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jungwoo Yu ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jinmyoung Joo
00:12
Last year at TED I gave an introduction to the LHC.
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์ž‘๋…„ TED ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ LHC ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
And I promised to come back and give you an update
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†๋“œ๋ ธ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:18
on how that machine worked.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
00:20
So this is it. And for those of you that weren't there,
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•ˆ๊ณ„์…จ๋˜ ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆด๊ป˜์š”.
00:22
the LHC is the largest scientific experiment ever attempted --
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LHC(๋Œ€ํ˜• ๊ฐ•์ž…์ž ๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ)๋ผ๋Š”๊ฑด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ป ์‹œ๋„๋œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ณผํ•™ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:25
27 kilometers in circumference.
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๋‘˜๋ ˆ๊ฐ€ 27 ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •๋„์˜ˆ์š”.
00:27
Its job is to recreate the conditions
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์งํ›„์˜
00:29
that were present less than a billionth of a second after the universe began,
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์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ์–ต ๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ์ดˆ๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ์ดˆ๋‹น 6์–ต๋ฒˆ ์ •๋„
00:32
up to 600 million times a second.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
It's nothing if not ambitious.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์•ผ์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
00:37
This is the machine below Geneva.
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์ด๊ฑด ์Šค์œ„์Šค์˜ ์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
We take the pictures of those mini-Big Bangs inside detectors.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ๋น…๋ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
This is the one I work on. It's called the ATLAS detector --
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ตฌ์š”. ATLAS ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
44 meters wide, 22 meters in diameter.
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๋„ˆ๋น„๊ฐ€ 44๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •๋„ ๋˜๊ณ , ์ง€๋ฆ„์€ 22๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:48
Spectacular picture here of ATLAS under construction
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ์ž‘์ค‘์ธ ATLAS์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ .
00:51
so you can see the scale.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์ด ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง์ž‘ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:53
On the 10th of September last year we turned the machine on for the first time.
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์ž‘๋…„ 9์›” 10์ผ๋‚  LHC๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™์‹œ์ผฐ์–ด์š”.
00:56
And this picture was taken by ATLAS.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ATLAS ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฐํžŒ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ์š”.
00:59
It caused immense celebration in the control room.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ํ†ต์ œ์‹ค๋ฅผ ํฅ๋ถ„์˜ ๋„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:02
It's a picture of the first beam particle
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋น›์—์„œ ๋ฟœ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ž…์ž์˜ˆ์š”.
01:04
going all the way around the LHC,
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LHC์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋Œ์•„๋‚˜์™€์„œ
01:06
colliding with a piece of the LHC deliberately,
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์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ž…์ž์™€ ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
and showering particles into the detector.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด ๊นจ์ง€๊ณ  ํผ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ฟ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
In other words, when we saw that picture on September 10th
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๋‹ค์‹œ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด 9์›” 10์ผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
01:13
we knew the machine worked,
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:15
which is a great triumph.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์—…์ ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
01:17
I don't know whether this got the biggest cheer,
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์—์„œ
01:19
or this, when someone went onto Google
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์ฒซ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ดค๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
01:21
and saw the front page was like that.
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํ™˜ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ €์„ ์ง„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
01:23
It means we made cultural impact
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:25
as well as scientific impact.
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๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
About a week later we had a problem with the machine,
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ํ›„์— LHC ์— ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:30
related actually to these bits of wire here -- these gold wires.
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๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์„ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ฝ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:34
Those wires carry 13 thousand amps
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๊ทธ ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์„ ์€ ์ด LHC ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์„ ๋•Œ
01:37
when the machine is working in full power.
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13000 ์•”ํŽ˜์–ด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
Now the engineers amongst you will look at them and say,
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ค๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:41
"No they don't. They're small wires."
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ž‘์€ ์„ ๋“ค์ด์•ผ! ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์„๋ผ๊ณ ?
01:43
They can do that because
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์–ด์š”.
01:45
when they are very cold they are what's called superconducting wire.
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์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด, ์ด ์„ ๋“ค์ด -271 ์ดํ•˜์˜
01:47
So at minus 271 degrees,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ฃ .
01:50
colder than the space between the stars,
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๊ทธ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
those wires can take that current.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ด ์„ ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:54
In one of the joints between over 9,000 magnets in LHC,
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๊ทผ๋ฐ 9000๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž์„์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ฒด ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์—์„œ
01:58
there was a manufacturing defect.
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์ œ์ž‘์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
So the wire heated up slightly,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ์„ ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
and its 13,000 amps suddenly encountered electrical resistance.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ 13000 ์•”ํŽ˜์–ด์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์„  ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜
02:06
This was the result.
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์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
Now that's more impressive
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์ •๋ง ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ด์ฃ ?
02:11
when you consider those magnets weigh over 20 tons,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ 20ํ†ค์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์ž์„์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
02:13
and they moved about a foot.
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์•ฝ ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์ •๋„ ์ด๋™์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:15
So we damaged about 50 of the magnets.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 50๊ฐœ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ž์„๋“ค์„ ํšŒ์†์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
We had to take them out, which we did.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋„์ง‘์–ด ๋‚ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:21
We reconditioned them all, fixed them.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์žฌ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ณ ์ณ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
They're all on their way back underground now.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ง€ํ•˜์—์„œ ์„ค์น˜๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
By the end of March the LHC will be intact again.
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3์›”์ฏค์ด๋ฉด LHC ๋„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:27
We will switch it on,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€๋™์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ,
02:29
and we expect to take data in June or July,
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6์›”์ด๋‚˜ 7์›”์— ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
and continue with our quest to find out
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฒด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:35
what the building blocks of the universe are.
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์ง€์ ์ธ ์—ฌ์ •์„ ๊ณ„์† ํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
Now of course, in a way
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋“ค์€
02:40
those accidents reignite the debate
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
about the value of science and engineering at the edge. It's easy to refute.
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๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์š”.
02:48
I think that the fact that it's so difficult,
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์ด ์ผ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์•ž์„œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”
02:50
the fact that we're overreaching, is the value of things like the LHC.
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๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ด LHC ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
I will leave the final word to an English scientist, Humphrey Davy,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž Humphrey Davy์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋๋‚ด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
who, I suspect,
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๋งž๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
03:00
when defending his protege's useless experiments --
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์ œ์ž์˜ ์“ธ๋ชจ์—†๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
03:03
his protege was Michael Faraday --
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์ฐธ ๊ทธ ์ œ์ž๋Š” Michael Faraday ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
said this, "Nothing is so dangerous
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ •์‹ ์˜ ์ง„๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด
03:08
to the progress of the human mind
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒํผ ๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†๋‹ค.
03:10
than to assume that our views of science are ultimate,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋ด‰์ฐฉํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
03:14
that there are no mysteries in nature,
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์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋”์ด์ƒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ,
03:16
that our triumphs are complete, and that
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์Šน๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜๊ด‘์€ ๋๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
03:18
there are no new worlds to conquer."
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๋”์ด์ƒ ์ •๋ณตํ•  ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค."
03:20
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
(Applause)
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๋ฐ•์ˆ˜
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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