Gever Tulley: 5 dangerous things you should let your kids do

Prevodilac: Mirjana Čutura Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

Welcome to "Five Dangerous Things You Should Let Your Children Do."

Dobro došli na govor

„Pet opasnih stvari koje treba da dozvolite svojoj deci da rade“.

I don't have children.

Ja nemam decu.

I borrow my friends' children, so --

Pozajmljujem decu svojih prijatelja,

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

take all this advice with a grain of salt.

pa nemojte uzeti ovaj savet zdravo za gotovo.

I'm Gever Tulley.

Zovem se Gever Tali.

I'm a contract computer scientist by trade,

Radim na projektima kao informatičar,

but I'm the founder of something called the Tinkering School.

ali sam osnivač nečega što se zove „Škola za majstorisanje“.

It's a summer program which aims to help kids

To je letnji program koji teži da pomogne deci

learn how to build the things that they think of.

da nauče kako da naprave stvari koje su zamislili.

So we build a lot of things,

Pravimo mnogo stvari

and I do put power tools into the hands of second-graders.

i stavljam električni alat u ruke sedmogodišnjaka.

So if you're thinking about sending your kid to Tinkering School,

Ako razmišljate da pošaljete svoje dete u „Školu za majstorisanje“,

they do come back bruised, scraped and bloody.

deca se zaista vraćaju kući u modricama, izgrebana i krvava.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

You know, we live in a world

Vidite, živimo u svetu

that's subjected to ever more stringent child safety regulations.

koji je sve izloženiji strogim propisima po pitanju bezbednosti dece.

There doesn't seem to be any limit on how crazy

Izgleda da ne postoji granica

koliko sumanuti propisi o bezbednosti dece postaju.

child safety regulations can get.

We put suffocation warnings on every piece of plastic film

Stavljamo upozorenja o gušenju na svaki komadić plastičnog omotača

manufactured in the United States,

proizvedenog u Sjedinjenim Državama

or for sale with an item in the United States.

ili namenjenog za prodaju uz neki artikal u SAD-u.

We put warnings on coffee cups

Stavljamo upozorenja na šolje za kafu da nam kažu da sadržaj može biti vreo.

to tell us that the contents may be hot.

And we seem to think that any item sharper than a golf ball is too sharp

Izgleda da mislimo da je bilo koji predmet oštriji od loptice za golf

suviše oštar za decu mlađu od deset godina.

for children under the age of 10.

So where does this trend stop?

Gde je kraj ovome?

When we round every corner and eliminate every sharp object,

Ako obložimo svaki ćošak i sklonimo svaki oštar predmet,

every pokey bit in the world,

svaki šiljast komadić na svetu,

then the first time that kids come in contact with anything sharp,

kada deca po prvi put dođu u kontakt sa bilo čim oštrim

or not made out of round plastic,

ili nečim što nije napravljeno od zaobljene plastike,

they'll hurt themselves with it.

povrediće se.

So, as the boundaries of what we determine as the safety zone

Stoga, kako se granice onoga što određujemo kao bezbednu zonu

grow ever smaller,

sve više smanjuju,

we cut off our children from valuable opportunities

lišavamo našu decu dragocenih prilika

to learn how to interact with the world around them.

da nauče kako da komuniciraju sa svetom oko sebe.

And despite all of our best efforts and intentions,

Uprkos svim našim najboljim namerama i trudu,

kids are always going to figure out

deca će uvek prokljuviti kako da urade najopasniju moguću stvar

how to do the most dangerous thing they can,

in whatever environment they can.

u bilo kom mogućem okruženju.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So despite the provocative title,

Uprkos ovom provokativnom naslovu,

this presentation is really about safety,

ova prezentacija je zaista o bezbednosti

and about some simple things that we can do

i o nekim jednostavnim stvarima koje možemo da uradimo

to raise our kids to be creative,

da odgojimo decu da budu

kreativna, sigurna u sebe i da kontrolišu svoju okolinu.

confident and in control of the environment around them.

And what I now present to you

Ono što vam sada predstavljam

is an excerpt from a book in progress.

je odlomak iz knjige na kojoj radim.

The book is called "50 Dangerous Things."

Knjiga se zove „Pedeset opasnih stvari“.

This is "Five Dangerous Things."

Ovo je „Pet opasnih stvari“.

Thing number one: Play with fire.

Prva stvar - igranje sa vatrom.

Learning to control one of the most elemental forces in nature

Učenje kako da se kontroliše jedna od najosnovnih sila u prirodi

is a pivotal moment in any child's personal history.

je najznačajniji trenutak u ličnom razvoju bilo kog deteta.

Whether we remember it or not,

Bez obzira na to da li se toga sećamo ili ne,

it's the first time we really get control

taj trenutak nastupa kada prvi put zaista steknemo kontrolu

of one of these mysterious things.

nad jednom od ovih misterioznih pojava.

These mysteries are only revealed

Ove misterije se otkrivaju

to those who get the opportunity to play with it.

samo onima koji dobiju priliku da se igraju sa vatrom.

So, playing with fire.

Dakle, igranje sa vatrom.

This is like one of the great things we ever discovered, fire.

Jedna od sjajnih stvari koju smo ikada otkrili je vatra.

From playing with it, they learn some basic principles about fire,

Igrajući se sa njom deca uče osnovne principe vezane za vatru:

about intake, combustion, exhaust.

paljenje, sagorevanje i gašenje.

These are the three working elements of fire

Ovo su tri sastavna dela vatre

that you have to have for a good, controlled fire.

koja su neophodna za dobru i kontrolisanu vatru.

And you can think of the open-pit fire as a laboratory.

Vatru na otvorenom možete smatrati laboratorijom.

You don't know what they're going to learn from playing with it.

Ne znate šta ćete naučiti igrajući se sa vatrom.

Let them fool around with it on their own terms and trust me,

Pustite ih da se zabavljaju sa njom na svoj način

i, verujte mi, naučiće stvari

they're going to learn things

that you can't get out of playing with Dora the Explorer toys.

koje ne mogu naučiti igrajući se sa igračkama „Dora istražuje“.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Number two: Own a pocketknife.

Broj dva - posedovanje džepnog noža.

Pocketknives are kind of drifting out of our cultural consciousness,

Džepni noževi nekako nestaju iz naše kulturološke svesti,

which I think is a terrible thing.

što mislim da je užasno.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Your first pocketknife is like the first universal tool

Vaš prvi džepni nož je nalik prvoj univerzalnoj alatki koju dobijate.

that you're given.

You know, it's a spatula, it's a pry bar,

Vidite, to je špatula, poluga,

it's a screwdriver and it's a blade, yeah.

šrafciger i sečivo.

And it's a powerful and empowering tool.

To je moćan alat koji vam daje snagu.

And in a lot of cultures they give knives --

U mnogim kulturama deci daju noževe čim napune jednu godinu.

like, as soon as they're toddlers, they have knives.

These are Inuit children cutting whale blubber.

Ovo su inuitska deca koja seku kitovo salo.

I first saw this in a Canadian Film Board film when I was 10,

Ovo sam prvi put video sa deset godina u filmu Kanadskog filmskog odbora

and it left a lasting impression,

i na mene je ostavilo trajan utisak

to see babies playing with knives.

to što sam video da se bebe igraju noževima.

And it shows that kids can develop an extended sense of self

To pokazuje da deca mogu razviti bolje razumevanje sebe

through a tool at a very young age.

koristeći alat u ranom uzrastu.

You lay down a couple of very simple rules --

Postavite nekoliko veoma jednostavnih pravila:

always cut away from your body, keep the blade sharp, never force it --

uvek secite od sebe, održavajte oštricu naoštrenom

i nikada ne secite na silu,

and these are things kids can understand and practice with.

što su stvari koje deca mogu da razumeju i vežbaju.

And yeah, they're going to cut themselves.

Da, poseći će se.

I have some terrible scars on my legs from where I stabbed myself.

Imam nekoliko groznih ožiljaka na nogama od uboda.

But you know, they're young. They heal fast.

Ali, znate već, mladi su. Brzo se oporave.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Number three: Throw a spear.

Broj tri - bacanje koplja.

It turns out that our brains are actually wired for throwing things,

Ispostavlja se da je naš mozak, u stvari, predodređen za bacanje stvari,

and like muscles, if you don't use parts of your brain,

i kao sa mišićima, ako ne koristite delove svoga mozga,

they tend to atrophy over time.

oni obično atrofiraju nakon nekog vremena.

But when you exercise them,

Ali, kada ih koristite,

any given muscle adds strength to the whole system,

svaki pojedinačni mišić dodaje snagu celom sistemu,

and that applies to your brain, too.

a to važi i za vaš mozak, takođe.

So practicing throwing things has been shown to stimulate

Dokazano je da upražnjavanje bacanja stvari stimuliše

the frontal and parietal lobes,

frontalne i parijetalne režnjeve,

which have to do with visual acuity, 3D understanding,

koji su odgovorni za oštrinu vida, razumevanje trodimenzionalnih prikaza

and structural problem solving,

i rešavanje strukturalnih problema,

tako da to pomaže razvoj veština zamišljanja i predviđanja kod dece.

so it helps develop their visualization skills and their predictive ability.

And throwing is a combination of analytical and physical skill,

Bacanje predstavlja kombinaciju analitičke i fizičke veštine,

so it's very good for that kind of whole-body training.

tako da je veoma dobro za tu vrstu vežbanja celog tela.

These kinds of target-based practices also help kids develop

Ove vrste vežbi sa gađanjem mete takođe pomažu deci da razviju

attention and concentration skills,

pažnju i koncentraciju,

so those are great.

što ih čini odličnim vežbama.

Number [four]: Deconstruct appliances.

Broj četiri - rastavljanje uređaja.

There is a world of interesting things inside your dishwasher.

Postoji mnoštvo zanimljivih stvari unutar vaše mašine za pranje sudova.

Next time you're about to throw out an appliance,

Kada sledeći put hoćete da izbacite uređaj,

don't throw it out.

nemojte to učiniti.

Take it apart with your kid,

Rastavite ga sa svojim detetom

or send him to my school, and we'll take it apart with them.

ili ga pošaljite u moju školu i mi ćemo ga rastaviti sa njima.

Even if you don't know what the parts are,

Čak i ako ne znate šta su koji delovi,

puzzling out what they might be for

odgonetanje čemu bi mogli da služe veoma je dobra vežba za decu

is a really good practice for the kids

to get sort of the sense that they can take things apart,

da bi dobila utisak da mogu da rastave stvari

and no matter how complex they are,

i da, bez obzira na to koliko su komplikovane,

they can understand parts of them.

mogu razumeti njihove delove.

And that means that eventually, they can understand all of them.

To znači da će na kraju moći da razumeju sve delove.

It's a sense of knowability, that something is knowable.

To je osećaj posedovanja znanja - da je nešto dokučivo.

So these black boxes that we live with and take for granted

Ove crne kutije sa kojima živimo i koje uzimamo zdravo za gotovo,

are actually complex things made by other people,

u stvari su komplikovane stvari koje su drugi ljudi napravili

and you can understand them.

i koje vi možete razumeti.

Number five: Two-parter.

Broj pet ima dva dela.

Break the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.

Prekršite zakon o autorskim pravima.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

There are laws beyond safety regulations

Postoje zakoni osim zakona o bezbednosti

that attempt to limit how we can interact with the things

koji pokušavaju da ograniče način na koji koristimo

that we own -- in this case, digital media.

stvari koje posedujemo - u ovom slučaju digitalne medije.

It's a very simple exercise:

Ovo je veoma lak poduhvat -

Buy a song on iTunes, write it to a CD,

kupite pesmu na Ajtjunu, narežite je na CD,

then rip the CD to an MP3, and play it on your very same computer.

onda prebacite CD na MP3 i pustite je na tom istom kompjuteru.

You've just broken a law.

Upravo ste prekršili zakon.

Technically, the RIAA could come and prosecute you.

Praktično, Američko udruženje muzičkih kuća vas može krivično goniti.

It's an important lesson for kids to understand,

Važna lekcija koju deca treba da razumeju

that some of these laws get broken by accident,

je da se neki od ovih zakona slučajno krše

and that laws have to be interpreted.

i da zakoni treba da se tumače različito.

That's something we often talk about with the kids

To je nešto o čemu često pričamo sa decom

when we're fooling around with things and breaking them open,

kada se zabavljamo uz stvari, kada ih otvaramo, rastavljamo

and taking them apart and using them for other things.

i koristimo u druge svrhe.

And also when we go out and drive a car.

O tome pričamo i kada vozimo automobil.

Driving a car is a really empowering act for a young child,

Vožnja automobila zaista osnažuje dete.

so this is the alternate --

Ovo je zamena za to.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

For those of you who aren't comfortable actually breaking the law,

Za vas kojima ne prija kršenje zakona,

you can drive a car with your child.

možete voziti automobil sa svojim detetom.

This is a great stage for a kid.

Ovo je sjajan period za dete.

This happens about the same time

Dešava se otprilike u isto vreme

that they get latched onto things like dinosaurs,

kada su opčinjeni stvarima kao što su dinosaurusi,

these big things in the outside world,

ove velike stvari iz spoljašnjeg sveta koje pokušavaju da razumeju.

that they're trying to get a grip on.

A car is a similar object, and they can get in a car and drive it.

Automobil je slična stvar, a deca mogu da sednu u automobil i da ga voze.

And that really gives them a handle on a world

To im zaista daje kontrolu nad svetom

in a way that they don't often have access to.

na način na koji im često nije omogućen.

And it's perfectly legal.

Potpuno je legalno.

Find a big empty lot, make sure there's nothing in it,

Nađite veliki prazan parking, uverite se da je prazan,

and that it's on private property, and let them drive your car.

da je na privatnom posedu i pustite ih da voze vaš automobil.

It's very safe actually.

U stvari, veoma je bezbedno.

And it's fun for the whole family.

I zabavno je za celu porodicu.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Let's see, I think that's it. That's number five and a half. OK.

Da vidim, mislim da je to sve. To je broj pet i po. Okej.