Gever Tulley: 5 dangerous things you should let your kids do

Translator: Tjasa Vrhovnik Reviewer: Gregor Vidmar

Dobrodošli na predavanju "5 nevarnih stvari, ki bi jih morali dovoliti svojim otrokom".

Welcome to "Five Dangerous Things You Should Let Your Children Do."

I don't have children.

Jaz nimam otrok.

I borrow my friends' children, so --

Sposojam si jih od svojih prijateljev, zato...

(Laughter)

(smeh)

take all this advice with a grain of salt.

... vzemite moje nasvete z malce rezerve.

Sem Gever Tulley.

I'm Gever Tulley.

I'm a contract computer scientist by trade,

Po poklicu sem računalničar,

sem pa tudi ustanovitelj nečesa, kar imenujemo Tinkering School.

but I'm the founder of something called the Tinkering School.

It's a summer program which aims to help kids

To je poletni kamp, kjer otroke učimo,

learn how to build the things that they think of.

kako se naredi ali izgradi stvari, ki si jih zamislijo.

So we build a lot of things,

Naredimo veliko stvari.

and I do put power tools into the hands of second-graders.

In drugošolcem dajem v roke težka električna orodja.

Če torej razmišljate o tem, da bi v Tinkering School poslali svojega otroka,...

So if you're thinking about sending your kid to Tinkering School,

they do come back bruised, scraped and bloody.

... domov se vrnejo obtolčeni, popraskani in krvavi.

(Laughter)

Torej, veste, živimo v svetu,

You know, we live in a world

that's subjected to ever more stringent child safety regulations.

ki ga čedalje bolj obremenjujemo s strogimi predpisi za varnost otrok.

There doesn't seem to be any limit on how crazy

Zdi se, da norost nima meja,

child safety regulations can get.

ko gre za varnostne predpise glede otrok.

Opozorila o možnosti zadušitve dajemo na vse - na vsak kos folije,

We put suffocation warnings on every piece of plastic film

manufactured in the United States,

ki ga proizvedemo v ZDA ali damo v prodajo

or for sale with an item in the United States.

s kakšnim artiklom v ZDA.

We put warnings on coffee cups

Opozorila na skodelicah s kavo nam sporočajo,

to tell us that the contents may be hot.

da je vsebina lahko vroča.

And we seem to think that any item sharper than a golf ball is too sharp

In zdi se, da mislimo, da je vsaka stvar,

ki je ostrejša od žogice za golf, preostra

za otroke, mlajše od 10 let.

for children under the age of 10.

Kje se to sploh ustavi?

So where does this trend stop?

When we round every corner and eliminate every sharp object,

Ko odstranimo vsak rob in oster predmet,

every pokey bit in the world,

vsako malenkost na svetu,

then the first time that kids come in contact with anything sharp,

potem se otroci, ko se prvič srečajo z nečim ostrim

ali nečim, kar ni iz oble plastike,

or not made out of round plastic,

s tem poškodujejo.

they'll hurt themselves with it.

So, as the boundaries of what we determine as the safety zone

S tem, ko so meje tega, kar dojemamo kot varen svet,

grow ever smaller,

čedalje bolj tesne, svoje otroke prikrajšamo za pomembne priložnosti,

we cut off our children from valuable opportunities

to learn how to interact with the world around them.

da bi se naučili, kako ravnati s svetom, v katerem živijo.

And despite all of our best efforts and intentions,

Čeprav se trudimo z najboljšimi nameni,

kids are always going to figure out

otroci vedno najdejo način,

kako početi najbolj nevarne stvari, ki jih lahko,

how to do the most dangerous thing they can,

in whatever environment they can.

v kateremkoli okolju jim to uspe.

(Laughter)

So despite the provocative title,

Torej, kljub provokativnemu naslovu je to predavanje predvsem o varnosti

this presentation is really about safety,

and about some simple things that we can do

in o nekaterih preprostih stvareh, ki jih lahko naredimo,

to raise our kids to be creative,

da bi svoje otroke vzgojili v kreativne, samozavestne ljudi,

confident and in control of the environment around them.

ki obvladujejo okolje, v katerem živijo.

And what I now present to you

Kar vam bom predstavil, je odlomek iz knjige v nastajanju.

is an excerpt from a book in progress.

The book is called "50 Dangerous Things."

Naslov knjige je "50 nevarnih stvari".

This is "Five Dangerous Things."

Tole je 5 nevarnih stvari.

Thing number one: Play with fire.

Prvič - igraj se z ognjem.

Learning to control one of the most elemental forces in nature

Naučiti se nadzora nad eno od najbolj elementarnih sil v naravi

is a pivotal moment in any child's personal history.

je ključni trenutek v otrokovi osebni zgodovini.

Whether we remember it or not,

Če se spomnimo ali ne,

it's the first time we really get control

je to prvič, da nam res uspe

nadzorovati eno od teh skrivnostnih stvari.

of one of these mysterious things.

These mysteries are only revealed

Te skrivnosti lahko odkrijejo samo

to those who get the opportunity to play with it.

tisti, ki imajo priložnost igrati se s temi silami.

Torej, igra z ognjem.

So, playing with fire.

Ogenj je ena najpomembnejših stvari, ki smo jih odkrili.

This is like one of the great things we ever discovered, fire.

From playing with it, they learn some basic principles about fire,

V igri se otroci naučijo osnovnih dejstev o ognju,

about intake, combustion, exhaust.

o netenju, izgorevanju, izpuhih.

These are the three working elements of fire

To so trije funkcionalni vidiki ognja,

that you have to have for a good, controlled fire.

ki jih je treba obvladati, če želiš nadzorovati ogenj.

And you can think of the open-pit fire as a laboratory.

Odprt ogenj si lahko zamislite kot laboratorij.

You don't know what they're going to learn from playing with it.

Ne veste, kaj se bodo otroci naučili iz igre z njim.

Dopustite jim, da z njim ravnajo po svojih predstavah in lahko ste prepričani,

Let them fool around with it on their own terms and trust me,

they're going to learn things

da se bodo naučili stvari,

that you can't get out of playing with Dora the Explorer toys.

ki se jih ne da naučiti z igračami Dore Raziskovalke.

(Laughter)

Number two: Own a pocketknife.

Drugič - lasten žepni nož.

Pocketknives are kind of drifting out of our cultural consciousness,

Žepni noži počasi izginjajo iz naše kulturne zavesti,

which I think is a terrible thing.

kar se mi zdi grozno.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Your first pocketknife is like the first universal tool

Prvi žepni nož je prvo univerzalno orodje, ki ga dobiš v roke.

that you're given.

You know, it's a spatula, it's a pry bar,

Saj veste: je lopatica, je kljukec,

it's a screwdriver and it's a blade, yeah.

je izvijač in je rezilo.

And it's a powerful and empowering tool.

In je močno orodje, ki omogoča marsikaj.

And in a lot of cultures they give knives --

V mnogih kulturah dajejo nože...

like, as soon as they're toddlers, they have knives.

... praktično takoj, ko shodiš, dobiš nož.

These are Inuit children cutting whale blubber.

To so inuitski otroci, ki režejo kitovo tolščo.

I first saw this in a Canadian Film Board film when I was 10,

To sem prvič videl v Filmskem svetu Kanade, ko sem jih imel 10,

and it left a lasting impression,

in prizori otrok, ki se igrajo z noži, so name naredili izjemen vtis.

to see babies playing with knives.

And it shows that kids can develop an extended sense of self

Taka igra pokaže, da otroci lahko dobijo poglobljen občutek sebe

through a tool at a very young age.

prav prek uporabe takega orodja v zelo zgodnjem obdobju.

Če jim postavite nekaj preprostih pravil -

You lay down a couple of very simple rules --

always cut away from your body, keep the blade sharp, never force it --

- vedno reži stran od sebe, pazi, da bo rezilo ostro, nikoli ne reži na silo -

and these are things kids can understand and practice with.

- to otroci razumejo in potem tudi upoštevajo.

And yeah, they're going to cut themselves.

In ja, seveda se bodo porezali.

Sam imam nekaj groznih brazgotin na nogi - zabodel sem sam sebe.

I have some terrible scars on my legs from where I stabbed myself.

But you know, they're young. They heal fast.

Vendar, veste, mladi so. Hitro se zacelijo.

(Laughter)

(Smeh).

Number three: Throw a spear.

Tretjič - metanje kopja.

It turns out that our brains are actually wired for throwing things,

Izkazalo se je, da so naši možgani narejeni za metanje stvari

and like muscles, if you don't use parts of your brain,

in če - tako kot mišice - ne uporabljaš določenih delov možganov,

they tend to atrophy over time.

ti sčasoma atrofirajo.

But when you exercise them,

Če pa jih vadiš,

any given muscle adds strength to the whole system,

vsaka mišica prispeva k moči celotnega sistema.

and that applies to your brain, too.

To velja tudi za možgane.

So practicing throwing things has been shown to stimulate

Raziskave so pokazale, da ukvarjanje z metanjem stvari

stimulira čelni in temenski reženj,

the frontal and parietal lobes,

which have to do with visual acuity, 3D understanding,

ki določata ostrino vida, dojemanje prostora

and structural problem solving,

in strukturno reševanje problemov.

so it helps develop their visualization skills and their predictive ability.

Metanje stvari pomaga otrokom razviti veščino vizualizacije in sposobnost predvidevanja.

And throwing is a combination of analytical and physical skill,

Metanje je kombinacija analitičnih in telesnih veščin,

so it's very good for that kind of whole-body training.

zato je blagodejno v smislu treninga celega telesa.

Vadbe, ki temeljijo na ciljanju tarče, otrokom pomagajo

These kinds of target-based practices also help kids develop

razvijati tudi pozornost in zbranost.

attention and concentration skills,

so those are great.

Zato so super!

Number [four]: Deconstruct appliances.

Četrtič - razstavljanje naprav.

There is a world of interesting things inside your dishwasher.

Kopica zanimivih stvari je v drobovju vašega pomivalnega stroja.

Next time you're about to throw out an appliance,

Ko boste naslednjič stran metali kakšno napravo, je ne vrzite stran.

don't throw it out.

Take it apart with your kid,

Razstavite jo s svojim otrokom ali pa jo pošljite v mojo šolo

or send him to my school, and we'll take it apart with them.

in jo bomo mi razstavili.

Even if you don't know what the parts are,

Tudi če ne veste, kaj točno so posamezni deli,

puzzling out what they might be for

je ugibanje o njihovi pravi funkciji

is a really good practice for the kids

lahko za otroke odlična vaja.

to get sort of the sense that they can take things apart,

Tako dobijo občutek, da lahko razstavijo stvari

and no matter how complex they are,

in ne glede na njihovo kompleksnost

they can understand parts of them.

razumejo posamezne dele. To pomeni, da bodo nekoč

And that means that eventually, they can understand all of them.

razumeli tudi celoto.

It's a sense of knowability, that something is knowable.

To je spoznanje, da je nekaj mogoče vedeti.

So these black boxes that we live with and take for granted

Te črne skrinjice, s katerimi živimo in jih imamo za samoumevne,

are actually complex things made by other people,

so v resnici kompleksne stvari, ki so jih naredili drugi ljudje

and you can understand them.

in jih lahko tudi razumemo.

Number five: Two-parter.

Petič - dve stvari.

Break the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.

Prekršite Zakon o digitalnih avtorskih pravicah.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

There are laws beyond safety regulations

Obstajajo zakoni onstran varnostnih predpisov,

that attempt to limit how we can interact with the things

ki nas skušajo omejevati pri interakciji s stvarmi,

that we own -- in this case, digital media.

ki so naša last - v tem primeru digitalni mediji.

It's a very simple exercise:

To je preprosta vaja: kupite pesem na iTunesih, zapišite jo na CD,

Buy a song on iTunes, write it to a CD,

then rip the CD to an MP3, and play it on your very same computer.

zripajte pesem s CDja v MP3 in jo predvajajte na računalniku.

You've just broken a law.

Pravkar ste naredili prekršek.

Technically, the RIAA could come and prosecute you.

Združenje ameriških glasbenih založb vas lahko začne preganjati.

It's an important lesson for kids to understand,

Za otroke je to pomembna lekcija -

that some of these laws get broken by accident,

da nekatere zakone prekršimo po nesreči in

and that laws have to be interpreted.

da moramo zakone vedno interpretirati.

O tem z otroki pogosto govorimo, ko

That's something we often talk about with the kids

when we're fooling around with things and breaking them open,

se igračkamo z napravami in jih odpiramo,

and taking them apart and using them for other things.

razstavimo in dele uporabimo za kaj drugega -

And also when we go out and drive a car.

in tudi vedno, ko gremo vozit avto.

Driving a car is a really empowering act for a young child,

Vožnja avtomobila majhnemu otroku da občutek moči

so this is the alternate --

in to je ultimativno.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

For those of you who aren't comfortable actually breaking the law,

Tudi če vam misel na kršenje zakonov ni prijetna,

you can drive a car with your child.

lahko s svojim otrokom vozite avto.

This is a great stage for a kid.

To je za otroka izjemen dosežek.

Zgodi se v približno istem času,

This happens about the same time

ko začnejo dojemati stvari, kot so dinozavri,

that they get latched onto things like dinosaurs,

these big things in the outside world,

te velike stvari v zunanjem svetu,

that they're trying to get a grip on.

ki jih morajo zapopasti.

A car is a similar object, and they can get in a car and drive it.

Avto je podobna stvar - in v avto se lahko vsedejo in ga vozijo.

And that really gives them a handle on a world

To je kot bi ... jim dali dostop do sveta

in a way that they don't often have access to.

na način, ki jim ni pogosto na voljo.

And it's perfectly legal.

No - in je popolnoma legalno.

Find a big empty lot, make sure there's nothing in it,

Poiščite veliko prazno območje ali parkirišče, prepričajte se, da je res prazno

and that it's on private property, and let them drive your car.

in da je zasebna lastnina: in tam dovolite otroku voziti avto.

It's very safe actually.

To je pravzaprav zelo varno.

And it's fun for the whole family.

In zabavno za vso družino.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

No, da vidimo.

Let's see, I think that's it. That's number five and a half. OK.

Zdi se mi, da smo na koncu. To je številka pet in pol. OK.