Bill Gates: Teachers need real feedback

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Ivana Korom

Everyone needs a coach.

Svakome je potreban trener.

It doesn't matter whether you're a basketball player,

Bez obzira da li igrate košarku,

a tennis player, a gymnast

tenis, trenirate gimnastiku

or a bridge player.

ili igrate bridž.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

My bridge coach, Sharon Osberg,

Moj trener za bridž, Šeron Osberg,

says there are more pictures of the back of her head

kaže da ima više slika njenog potiljka

than anyone else's in the world. (Laughter)

nego od bilo koje druge osobe na svetu. (Smeh)

Sorry, Sharon. Here you go.

Izvini Šeron. Izvoli.

We all need people who will give us feedback.

Svima su nam potrebni ljudi koji će nam dati povratne informacije.

That's how we improve.

Tako napredujemo.

Unfortunately, there's one group of people

Nažalost, postoji jedna grupa ljudi

who get almost no systematic feedback

koja ne dobija skoro nikakve sistematske povratne informacije

to help them do their jobs better,

koje bi im pomogle da bolje rade svoje poslove,

and these people

i ovi ljudi

have one of the most important jobs in the world.

imaju jedan od najbitnijih poslova na svetu.

I'm talking about teachers.

Pričam o nastavnicima.

When Melinda and I learned

Kada smo Melinda i ja saznali

how little useful feedback most teachers get,

koliko malo korisnih povratnih informacija dobijaju nastavnici,

we were blown away.

zaprepastili smo se.

Until recently, over 98 percent of teachers

Preko 98% nastavnika je do skoro

just got one word of feedback:

dobijalo samo jednu reč povratne informacije:

Satisfactory.

zadovoljavajuće.

If all my bridge coach ever told me

Da mi je moj trener bridža ikad rekao samo

was that I was "satisfactory,"

da sam "zadovoljavajući",

I would have no hope of ever getting better.

ne bih imao nikakve nade za poboljšanje.

How would I know who was the best?

Kako bih znao ko je najbolji?

How would I know what I was doing differently?

Kako bih znao šta radim drugačije?

Today, districts are revamping

Okruzi danas obnavljaju

the way they evaluate teachers,

način na koji procenjuju nastavnike,

but we still give them almost no feedback

ali im mi još uvek ne dajemo skoro nikakve povratne informacije

that actually helps them improve their practice.

koje im zaista pomažu da poboljšaju svoj rad.

Our teachers deserve better.

Naši nastavnici zaslužuju bolje.

The system we have today isn't fair to them.

Sistem koji danas imamo je prema njima nepravedan.

It's not fair to students,

Nepravedan je prema učenicima,

and it's putting America's global leadership at risk.

i stavlja pod rizik svetsko vođstvo Amerike.

So today I want to talk about how we can help all teachers

Danas želim da pričam o tome kako možemo pomoći svim nastavnicima

get the tools for improvement they want and deserve.

da dobiju alate za usavršavanje koje žele i zaslužuju.

Let's start by asking who's doing well.

Da počnemo sa pitanjem kome dobro ide.

Well, unfortunately there's no international ranking tables

Nažalost ne postoje međunarodni sistemi rangiranja

for teacher feedback systems.

za sisteme povratnih informacija za nastavnike.

So I looked at the countries

Pogledao sam zemlje

whose students perform well academically,

čiji su učenici akademski uspešni

and looked at what they're doing

i pogledao sam šta to rade

to help their teachers improve.

kako bi pomogli svojim nastavnicima da se poboljšaju.

Consider the rankings for reading proficiency.

Pogledajte rangiranje za veštinu čitanja.

The U.S. isn't number one.

SAD nisu prve.

We're not even in the top 10.

Nismo čak ni u prvih 10.

We're tied for 15th with Iceland and Poland.

Delimo petnaesto mesto s Islandom i Poljskom.

Now, out of all the places

Od svih mesta

that do better than the U.S. in reading,

koja su bolja od SAD u čitanju,

how many of them have a formal system

koliko njih ima formalni sistem

for helping teachers improve?

koji pomaže unapređenje nastavnika?

Eleven out of 14.

Jedanaest od 14.

The U.S. is tied for 15th in reading,

SAD dele petnaesto mesto za čitanje,

but we're 23rd in science and 31st in math.

ali smo dvadeset treći u nauci i trideset prvi u matematici.

So there's really only one area where we're near the top,

Postoji samo jedno područje gde smo blizu vrha,

and that's in failing to give our teachers

a to je neuspeh u davanju našim nastavnicima

the help they need to develop their skills.

pomoć koja im treba da razviju svoje veštine.

Let's look at the best academic performer:

Hajde da pogledamo akademski najuspešnije:

the province of Shanghai, China.

provinciju Šangaj u Kini.

Now, they rank number one across the board,

Oni su prvi u svim tabelama,

in reading, math and science,

u čitanju, matematici i nauci,

and one of the keys to Shanghai's incredible success

i jedan od uzroka za neverovatan uspeh Šangaja

is the way they help teachers keep improving.

je način na koji pomažu napredak nastavnika.

They made sure that younger teachers

Postarali su se da mladi nastavnici

get a chance to watch master teachers at work.

imaju priliku da gledaju iskusne nastavnike kako rade.

They have weekly study groups,

Imaju nedeljne grupe za učenje,

where teachers get together and talk about what's working.

gde se nastavnici sastaju i pričaju o tome šta funkcioniše.

They even require each teacher to observe

Čak zahtevaju od svakog nastavnika da posmatra

and give feedback to their colleagues.

i da povratnu informaciju svojim kolegama.

You might ask, why is a system like this so important?

Možda se pitate, zašto je ovakav sistem tako bitan?

It's because there's so much variation

Zato što postoji toliko varijacija

in the teaching profession.

u izvođenju nastave.

Some teachers are far more effective than others.

Neki nastavnici su puno efektivniji od drugih.

In fact, there are teachers throughout the country

Zapravo, u celoj zemlji postoje nastavnici

who are helping their students make extraordinary gains.

koji svojim učenicima pomažu da dođu do izvanrednih rezulata.

If today's average teacher

Kada bi prosečan nastavnik današnjice

could become as good as those teachers,

mogao da postane dobar kao ti nastavnici,

our students would be blowing away the rest of the world.

naši učenici bi oduvali ostatak sveta.

So we need a system that helps all our teachers

Potreban nam je sistem koji pomaže našim nastavnicima

be as good as the best.

da budu dobri kao najbolji.

What would that system look like?

Kako bi izgledao takav sistem?

Well, to find out, our foundation

Kako bismo ovo otkrili, naša fondacija

has been working with 3,000 teachers

je radila sa 3000 nastavnika

in districts across the country

u okruzima širom zemlje

on a project called Measures of Effective Teaching.

na projektu koji se zove Mere efektivne nastave (MET).

We had observers watch videos

Posmatrači su gledali snimke

of teachers in the classroom

nastavnika u učionici

and rate how they did on a range of practices.

i ocenjivali učinak na nizu vežbi.

For example, did they ask their students

Na primer, da li su svojim učenicima postavljali

challenging questions?

izazovna pitanja?

Did they find multiple ways to explain an idea?

Da li su našli više načina da objasne neku zamisao?

We also had students fill out surveys with questions like,

Takođe smo učenicima dali da ispune upitnike sa pitanjima poput:

"Does your teacher know

"Da li vaš nastavnik zna

when the class understands a lesson?"

kada je odeljenje razumelo lekciju?"

"Do you learn to correct your mistakes?"

"Da li učiš da ispravljaš svoje greške?

And what we found is very exciting.

Ono što smo otkrili je veoma uzbudljivo.

First, the teachers who did well on these observations

Prvo, nastavnici koji su dobro prošli na ovim posmatranjima

had far better student outcomes.

su imali puno bolje rezultate učenika.

So it tells us we're asking the right questions.

To nam govori da postavljamo prava pitanja.

And second, teachers in the program told us

Drugo, nastavnici u programu su nam rekli

that these videos and these surveys from the students

da su ovi snimci i upitnici koje su radili učenici

were very helpful diagnostic tools,

bili veoma dobri dijagnostički alati

because they pointed to specific places

jer su upirali na tačna mesta

where they can improve.

gde mogu da se poboljšaju.

I want to show you what this video component of MET

Želim da vam pokažem kako ova video komponenta MET-a

looks like in action.

izgleda u akciji.

(Music)

(Muzika)

(Video) Sarah Brown Wessling: Good morning everybody.

(Video) Sara Braun Vesling: Dobro jutro svima.

Let's talk about what's going on today.

Da popričamo o onom što se dešava danas.

To get started, we're doing a peer review day, okay?

Za početak, danas radimo međusobno pregledanje zadataka, u redu?

A peer review day, and our goal by the end of class

Naš cilj do kraja časa

is for you to be able to determine

je da možete da utvrdite

whether or not you have moves to prove in your essays.

da li možete ili ne da se dokažete u svojim sastavima.

My name is Sarah Brown Wessling.

Zovem se Sara Braun Vesling.

I am a high school English teacher

Ja sam nastavnica engleskog

at Johnston High School in Johnston, Iowa.

u srednjoj školi Džonston u Džonstonu, u Ajovi.

Turn to somebody next to you.

Okrenite se ka osobi pored vas.

Tell them what you think I mean when I talk about moves to prove. I've talk about --

Recite im šta mislim kada pričam o dokazivanju. Pričam o -

I think that there is a difference for teachers

Mislim da za nastavnike postoji razlika

between the abstract of how we see our practice

između apstraknosti toga kako vidimo svoj posao

and then the concrete reality of it.

i njegove konkretne stvarnosti.

Okay, so I would like you to please bring up your papers.

U redu, želim da donesete svoje radove.

I think what video offers for us

Mislim da nam ovaj snimak nudi

is a certain degree of reality.

određeni stepen stvarnosti.

You can't really dispute what you see on the video,

Ne možete pobiti to što vidite na snimku

and there is a lot to be learned from that,

i dosta toga se može odatle naučiti.

and there are a lot of ways that we can grow

Postoji puno načina na koje možemo raziviti

as a profession when we actually get to see this.

našu profesiju kada zaista ovo i pogledamo.

I just have a flip camera and a little tripod

Imam običnu kameru i mali tronožac

and invested in this tiny little wide-angle lens.

i kupila sam ovaj maleni širokougaoni objektiv.

At the beginning of class, I just perch it

Na početku časa ga samo namestim

in the back of the classroom. It's not a perfect shot.

na kraj učionice. Snimak nije savršen.

It doesn't catch every little thing that's going on.

Ne uhvati svaku stvar koja se dešava.

But I can hear the sound. I can see a lot.

Ali mogu da čujem zvuk. Mogu da vidim dosta toga.

And I'm able to learn a lot from it.

I iz toga mogu dosta da naučim.

So it really has been a simple

To je zaista jednostvna

but powerful tool in my own reflection.

ali moćna alatka, iz mog iskustva.

All right, let's take a look at the long one first, okay?

Hajde da prvo pogledamo ovaj duži, okej?

Once I'm finished taping, then I put it in my computer,

Kad završim sa snimanjem, to stavim na svoj kompjuter

and then I'll scan it and take a peek at it.

i onda snimak pregledam i zavirim u njega.

If I don't write things down, I don't remember them.

Ako nešto ne zapišem, onda to i ne zapamtim.

So having the notes is a part of my thinking process,

Beleške su deo mog procesa razmišljanja

and I discover what I'm seeing as I'm writing.

i otkrivam u šta gledam dok pišem.

I really have used it for my own personal growth

Ovo sam zaista koristila za moj lični razvitak

and my own personal reflection on teaching strategy

i moje lično razmišljanje o strategiji predavanja

and methodology and classroom management,

i metodologiji i vođenju učionice

and just all of those different facets of the classroom.

i svim tim različitim aspektima učionice.

I'm glad that we've actually done the process before

Drago mi je što smo ovaj proces već obavili

so we can kind of compare what works, what doesn't.

tako da možemo da uporedimo šta funkcioniše, a šta ne.

I think that video exposes

Mislim da snimci izlažu

so much of what's intrinsic to us as teachers

puno toga što je suštinsko nama kao nastavnicima

in ways that help us learn and help us understand,

na način koji nam pomaže da učimo i razumemo

and then help our broader communities understand

i da svojim širim zajednicima objasnimo

what this complex work is really all about.

o čemu se radi u ovom komplikovanom poslu.

I think it is a way to exemplify and illustrate

Mislim da je to način da se ilustruje i da primer

things that we cannot convey in a lesson plan,

stvari koje ne možemo preneti u planu časa,

things you cannot convey in a standard,

stvari koje ne možete preneti standardom,

things that you cannot even sometimes convey

stvari koje ponekad ne možete preneti

in a book of pedagogy.

ni knjigom iz pedagogije.

Alrighty, everybody, have a great weekend.

U redu, provedite prijatan vikend.

I'll see you later.

Vidimo se kasnije.

[Every classroom could look like that]

[Svaka učionica bi mogla da izgleda ovako]

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Bill Gates: One day, we'd like every classroom in America

Bil Gejts: Jednog dana, voleli bismo da svaka učionica u Americi

to look something like that.

izgleda otprilike kao ova.

But we still have more work to do.

Ali još imamo posla.

Diagnosing areas where a teacher needs to improve

Dijagnoza delova gde nastavnik treba da se usavrši

is only half the battle.

je samo pola posla.

We also have to give them the tools they need

Takođe moramo da im damo potrebne alate

to act on the diagnosis.

da reaguju na dijagnozu.

If you learn that you need to improve

Ako saznate da morate da poboljšate

the way you teach fractions,

način na koji predajete razlomke,

you should be able to watch a video

trebalo bi da možete da pogledate snimak

of the best person in the world teaching fractions.

osobe koja najbolje na svetu predaje razlomke.

So building this complete teacher feedback

Pravljenje ovog celog sistema za povratne informacije

and improvement system won't be easy.

i usavršavanje nastavnika neće biti lako.

For example, I know some teachers

Na primer, znam da nekim nastavnicima

aren't immediately comfortable with the idea

nije odmah prijatno

of a camera in the classroom.

sa kamerom u učionici.

That's understandable, but our experience with MET

To je razumljivo, ali naše iskustvo s MET-om

suggests that if teachers manage the process,

sugeriše da ako nastavnici upravljaju procesom,

if they collect video in their own classrooms,

ako snimaju u svojim učionicama,

and they pick the lessons they want to submit,

i biraju časove koje će poslati,

a lot of them will be eager to participate.

dosta njih će biti voljno da učestvuje.

Building this system will also require

Stvaranje ovog sistema će takođe iziskivati

a considerable investment.

pozamašne investicije.

Our foundation estimates that it could cost

Naša fondacija procenjuje da bi to moglo da košta

up to five billion dollars.

i do 5 milijardi dolara.

Now that's a big number, but to put it in perspective,

To je velika cifra, ali iz drugog ugla,

it's less than two percent

to je manje od dva procenta

of what we spend every year on teacher salaries.

sume koju godišnje trošimo na plate nastavnika.

The impact for teachers would be phenomenal.

Uticaj bi bio fenomenalan za nastavnike.

We would finally have a way to give them feedback,

Konačno bismo imali način da im pružimo povratne informacije,

as well as the means to act on it.

kao i sredstva da reaguju.

But this system would have

Ali ovaj sistem bi imao

an even more important benefit for our country.

još bitniju korist za našu zemlju.

It would put us on a path to making sure

To bi nas navelo do toga da se postaramo

all our students get a great education,

da svi naši učenici dobiju sjajno obrazovanje,

find a career that's fulfilling and rewarding,

nađu posao koji ih ispunjava i nagrađuje,

and have a chance to live out their dreams.

i da imaju priliku da ostvare svoje snove.

This wouldn't just make us a more successful country.

Ovo nas ne bi samo učinilo uspešnijom zemljom,

It would also make us a more fair and just one, too.

nego bi nas učinilo pravičnijom i poštenijom.

I'm excited about the opportunity

Uzbuđen sam zbog prilike

to give all our teachers the support they want and deserve.

da našim nastavnicima damo podršku koju žele i zaslužuju.

I hope you are too.

Nadam se da ste i vi.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)