Bill Gates: Teachers need real feedback

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevoditelj: Kalina Matušin Recezent: Mladen Barešić

Everyone needs a coach.

Svi trebamo trenera.

It doesn't matter whether you're a basketball player,

Nije važno jeste li košarkaš,

a tennis player, a gymnast

tenisač, gimnastičar

or a bridge player.

ili bridžist.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

My bridge coach, Sharon Osberg,

Moja trenerica bridža, Sharon Osberg,

says there are more pictures of the back of her head

kaže da postoji više fotografija njezinog zatiljka

than anyone else's in the world. (Laughter)

nego ičijeg drugog na svijetu. (Smijeh)

Sorry, Sharon. Here you go.

Žao mi je, Sharon. Evo te...

We all need people who will give us feedback.

Svi trebamo ljude koji će nam dati povratnu informaciju.

That's how we improve.

Tako napredujemo.

Unfortunately, there's one group of people

Nažalost, postoji grupa ljudi

who get almost no systematic feedback

koji skoro i ne dobivaju sustavnu povratnu informaciju

to help them do their jobs better,

koja bi im pomogla da bolje obavljaju svoje poslove.

and these people

A ti ljudi

have one of the most important jobs in the world.

rade jedan od najvažnijih poslova na svijetu...

I'm talking about teachers.

Govorim o učiteljima!

When Melinda and I learned

Kad smo Melinda i ja shvatili

how little useful feedback most teachers get,

koliko malo korisnih povratnih informacija većina učitelja dobiva,

we were blown away.

zaprepastili smo se!

Until recently, over 98 percent of teachers

Donedavno, preko 98 posto učitelja

just got one word of feedback:

dobivalo je povratnu informaciju u obliku jedne jedine riječi:

Satisfactory.

Zadovoljavajuće.

If all my bridge coach ever told me

Da je sve što mi je moja trenerica bridža ikad rekla

was that I was "satisfactory,"

bilo to da sam "zadovoljio",

I would have no hope of ever getting better.

ne bih se nadao da ću ikad postati bolji.

How would I know who was the best?

Kako bih znao tko je bio najbolji?

How would I know what I was doing differently?

Kako bih znao što sam to radio drugačije?

Today, districts are revamping

Danas, škole mijenjaju

the way they evaluate teachers,

način na koji ocjenjuju učitelje.

but we still give them almost no feedback

No, i dalje im ne dajemo gotovo nikakvu povratnu informaciju

that actually helps them improve their practice.

koja bi im pomogla da unaprijede svoj rad.

Our teachers deserve better.

Naši učitelji zaslužuju bolje.

The system we have today isn't fair to them.

Današnji sustav nije pravedan prema njima.

It's not fair to students,

Nije pravedan prema učenicima,

and it's putting America's global leadership at risk.

i predstavlja rizik za Ameriku kao svjetskog lidera.

So today I want to talk about how we can help all teachers

Stoga, danas želim govoriti o tome kako možemo pomoći svim učiteljima

get the tools for improvement they want and deserve.

da dođu do razvojnih alata kakve žele i kakve zaslužuju.

Let's start by asking who's doing well.

Započnimo pitajući se kome ide dobro...

Well, unfortunately there's no international ranking tables

Nažalost, zapravo i ne postoje internacionalne rang-liste

for teacher feedback systems.

o sustavima povratnog informiranja učitelja.

So I looked at the countries

Zato samo pogledao kakvo je stanje u zemljama

whose students perform well academically,

u kojima učenici postižu dobre obrazovne rezultate,

and looked at what they're doing

i razmotrio što se ondje čini

to help their teachers improve.

kako bi se pomoglo učiteljima u njihovom razvoju.

Consider the rankings for reading proficiency.

Uzmite u obzir redoslijed zemalja prema vještinama čitanja...

The U.S. isn't number one.

SAD nije na prvom mjestu.

We're not even in the top 10.

Nismo čak niti među prvih 10.

We're tied for 15th with Iceland and Poland.

Dijelimo petnaesto mjesto s Islandom i s Poljskom.

Now, out of all the places

Dakle, od svih zemalja

that do better than the U.S. in reading,

bolje pozicioniranih u čitanju od SAD-a,

how many of them have a formal system

koliko njih ima razvijen sustav

for helping teachers improve?

podrške učiteljima u njihovom razvoju?

Eleven out of 14.

Jedanaest od četrnaest (11/14).

The U.S. is tied for 15th in reading,

SAD dijeli 15. mjesto u čitanju,

but we're 23rd in science and 31st in math.

a 23. smo u prirodoslovlju i 31. u matematici.

So there's really only one area where we're near the top,

Dakle, u samo jednom području smo blizu vrha,

and that's in failing to give our teachers

i to uz propuštanje da našim učiteljima osiguramo

the help they need to develop their skills.

podršku potrebnu u razvoju njihovih vještina.

Let's look at the best academic performer:

Razmotrimo obrazovno najuspješniju regiju:

the province of Shanghai, China.

šangajsku pokrajinu u Kini.

Now, they rank number one across the board,

U svim su kategorijama najbolji -

in reading, math and science,

u čitanju, u matematici i u prirodoslovlju.

and one of the keys to Shanghai's incredible success

Jedan od ključeva nevjerojatnog šangajskog uspjeha

is the way they help teachers keep improving.

način je na koji pomažu učiteljima u njihovom razvoju.

They made sure that younger teachers

Mlađim su učiteljima osigurali

get a chance to watch master teachers at work.

priliku da promatraju najbolje učitelje na djelu.

They have weekly study groups,

Održavaju tjedne koordinacijske sastanke,

where teachers get together and talk about what's working.

na kojima se učitelji okupljaju i razgovaraju o onome što funkcionira.

They even require each teacher to observe

Čak i nalažu svakom učitelju da promatra

and give feedback to their colleagues.

i daje povratnu informaciju svojim kolegama.

You might ask, why is a system like this so important?

Mogli biste se zapitati: "Zašto je ovakav sustav toliko važan?"

It's because there's so much variation

Važan je, jer toliko je razlika

in the teaching profession.

u učiteljskom zanimanju.

Some teachers are far more effective than others.

Neki su učitelji daleko djelotvorniji od drugih.

In fact, there are teachers throughout the country

Zapravo, u cijeloj zemlji ima učitelja

who are helping their students make extraordinary gains.

koji svojim učenicima pomažu u postizanju izvanrednih dostignuća.

If today's average teacher

Kad bi današnji prosječan učitelj

could become as good as those teachers,

mogao postati toliko dobar kao što su ti učitelji,

our students would be blowing away the rest of the world.

naši bi učenici "otpuhali" ostatak svijeta.

So we need a system that helps all our teachers

Zato nam je potreban sustav koji svim našim učiteljima pomaže

be as good as the best.

da budu jednako dobri kao oni najbolji.

What would that system look like?

Kako bi taj sustav izgledao?

Well, to find out, our foundation

Kako bismo to otkrili, naša Zaklada

has been working with 3,000 teachers

već radi s 3000 učitelja

in districts across the country

diljem zemlje

on a project called Measures of Effective Teaching.

na projektu zvanom - "Mjere djelotvornog poučavanja" (MDP).

We had observers watch videos

Naši su promatrači pregledavali snimke

of teachers in the classroom

učitelja u učionicama,

and rate how they did on a range of practices.

i ocjenjivali koliko su se ovi iskazali u nizu praktičnih elemenata.

For example, did they ask their students

Na primjer, jesu li svojim učenicima postavljali

challenging questions?

izazovna pitanja?

Did they find multiple ways to explain an idea?

Jesu li iznalazili različite načine da objasne neke pojmove?

We also had students fill out surveys with questions like,

Također, učenici su nam ispunjavali upitnike s pitanjima poput:

"Does your teacher know

"Prepoznaje li vaš učitelj

when the class understands a lesson?"

kad čitav razred razumije temu?"

"Do you learn to correct your mistakes?"

"Učite li ispravljati vlastite pogreške?"

And what we found is very exciting.

Ono što smo otkrili jako je uzbudljivo...

First, the teachers who did well on these observations

Prvo, učenici učitelja koji su se iskazali u tim situacijama

had far better student outcomes.

postizali su daleko bolje rezultate.

So it tells us we're asking the right questions.

Što nam govori da postavljamo prava pitanja!

And second, teachers in the program told us

I drugo, učitelji u programu rekli su nam

that these videos and these surveys from the students

da su te snimke i upitnici koje su učenici popunjavali

were very helpful diagnostic tools,

bili vrlo koristan dijagnostički alat.

because they pointed to specific places

Zato što su ukazali na određene detalje

where they can improve.

koje mogu poboljšati.

I want to show you what this video component of MET

Želim vam pokazati kako ova video-komponenta MDP-a

looks like in action.

izgleda u stvarnosti...

(Music)

(Glazba)

(Video) Sarah Brown Wessling: Good morning everybody.

(Video) Sarah Brown Wessling: Dobro jutro svima!

Let's talk about what's going on today.

Porazgovarajmo o onome što ćemo danas raditi.

To get started, we're doing a peer review day, okay?

Za početak, pozabavit ćemo se međusobnim povratnim informacijama. Može?

A peer review day, and our goal by the end of class

Međusobne povratne informacije... Naš je cilj, do kraja sata,

is for you to be able to determine

osigurati da budete u stanju ustanoviti

whether or not you have moves to prove in your essays.

imate li što za popraviti u vašim esejima.

My name is Sarah Brown Wessling.

Moje je ime Sarah Brown Wessling.

I am a high school English teacher

Učiteljica sam engleskog

at Johnston High School in Johnston, Iowa.

srednjoj školi Johnston u Johnstonu, u Iowi...

Turn to somebody next to you.

Okrenite se prema osobi kraj vas.

Tell them what you think I mean when I talk about moves to prove. I've talk about --

Recite im što mislite da ja mislim kad govorim o onome što trebate popraviti. Govorim o...

I think that there is a difference for teachers

Smatram da za učitelje postoji razlika

between the abstract of how we see our practice

između onoga kako mi apstraktno doživljavamo svoj posao

and then the concrete reality of it.

i, potom, konkretne stvarnosti toga posla.

Okay, so I would like you to please bring up your papers.

Dobro... Zamolila bih vas da donesete svoje papire.

I think what video offers for us

Mislim da nam snimka nudi

is a certain degree of reality.

izvjestan stupanj stvarnosti.

You can't really dispute what you see on the video,

Doista ne možete osporavati ono što vidite na snimci.

and there is a lot to be learned from that,

Puno se iz toga može naučiti.

and there are a lot of ways that we can grow

Brojni su načini na koje možemo rasti i razvijati se

as a profession when we actually get to see this.

kao struka jednom kad, ustvari, vidimo ovo.

I just have a flip camera and a little tripod

Imam okretnu kameru i mali tronožac,

and invested in this tiny little wide-angle lens.

i u nju utisnut ovaj sićušan širokokutni objektiv.

At the beginning of class, I just perch it

Na početku sata, jednostavno ga postavim

in the back of the classroom. It's not a perfect shot.

u pozadini učionice. Kadar nije savršen.

It doesn't catch every little thing that's going on.

Ne zahvaća svaku sitnicu koja se zbiva.

But I can hear the sound. I can see a lot.

Ali, mogu čuti zvuk. Mogu vidjeti mnogo i...

And I'm able to learn a lot from it.

Mogu iz toga puno naučiti.

So it really has been a simple

Prema tome, bio je to zbilja jednostavan,

but powerful tool in my own reflection.

ali moćan alat, po mom mišljenju.

All right, let's take a look at the long one first, okay?

Pogledajmo najprije ovog dugog, može?

Once I'm finished taping, then I put it in my computer,

Kad završim sa snimanjem, snimku stavim u svoje računalo,

and then I'll scan it and take a peek at it.

skeniram i "bacim oko" na nju.

If I don't write things down, I don't remember them.

Ne zabilježim li detalje, zaboravit ću ih.

So having the notes is a part of my thinking process,

Bilješke su tako dio mog procesa razmišljanja,

and I discover what I'm seeing as I'm writing.

a dok pišem, otkrivam i što vidim.

I really have used it for my own personal growth

Stvarno to upotrebljavam za vlastiti rast:

and my own personal reflection on teaching strategy

pri razmišljanju o strategiji poučavanja,

and methodology and classroom management,

o metodologiji i o upravljanju razredom,

and just all of those different facets of the classroom.

i o svim tim različitim aspektima rada u učionici.

I'm glad that we've actually done the process before

Drago mi je što smo, zapravo, već iskusili postupak

so we can kind of compare what works, what doesn't.

pa možemo usporediti što radi, što ne radi.

I think that video exposes

Mislim da snimka razotkriva

so much of what's intrinsic to us as teachers

toliko toga svojstvenoga nama učiteljima

in ways that help us learn and help us understand,

na način koji nam pomaže naučiti i pomaže nam razumjeti,

and then help our broader communities understand

a potom pomaže i našim širim zajednicama razumjeti

what this complex work is really all about.

u čemu je bit ovog složenog posla.

I think it is a way to exemplify and illustrate

Smatram da je to način da se oprimjeri i prikaže

things that we cannot convey in a lesson plan,

stvari koje ne možemo obuhvatiti planom rada,

things you cannot convey in a standard,

stvari koje ne možete izraziti standardom,

things that you cannot even sometimes convey

stvari koje čak ne možete ponekad niti prenijeti

in a book of pedagogy.

u knjizi o pedagogiji.

Alrighty, everybody, have a great weekend.

Dobro... Svi se dobro provedite za vikend!

I'll see you later.

Vidimo se kasnije.

[Every classroom could look like that]

(Svaka bi učionica mogla tako izgledati)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Bill Gates: One day, we'd like every classroom in America

Bill Gates: Željeli bismo da jednoga dana svaka učionica u Americi

to look something like that.

izgleda pomalo poput ove.

But we still have more work to do.

Ali, još uvijek imamo puno posla.

Diagnosing areas where a teacher needs to improve

Dijagnosticiranje područja u kojima se učitelj treba popraviti

is only half the battle.

tek je pola bitke.

We also have to give them the tools they need

Trebamo im, također, dati potrebne alate

to act on the diagnosis.

kako bi reagirali na dijagnozu.

If you learn that you need to improve

Ako naučite da trebate poboljšati

the way you teach fractions,

način na koji poučavate razlomke,

you should be able to watch a video

trebali biste biti u stanju pogledati snimku

of the best person in the world teaching fractions.

osobe koja najbolje na svijetu poučava razlomke.

So building this complete teacher feedback

Prema tome, stvaranje takvog potpunog povratnog informiranja učitelja

and improvement system won't be easy.

te sustava unapređivanja neće biti jednostavno.

For example, I know some teachers

Na primjer, znam da nekim učiteljima

aren't immediately comfortable with the idea

nije isprva simpatična ta zamisao

of a camera in the classroom.

o kameri u učionici.

That's understandable, but our experience with MET

To je razumljivo, ali naše iskustvo s MDP-om

suggests that if teachers manage the process,

govori nam da ako učitelji upravljaju procesom,

if they collect video in their own classrooms,

ako prikupe snimke u vlastitim učionicama,

and they pick the lessons they want to submit,

i odaberu teme koje žele zabilježiti,

a lot of them will be eager to participate.

mnogi među njima bit će željni sudjelovati.

Building this system will also require

Izgradnja takvog sustava zahtijevat će

a considerable investment.

i znatna ulaganja.

Our foundation estimates that it could cost

Naša zaklada procjenjuje da bi to moglo koštati

up to five billion dollars.

i do pet milijardi dolara.

Now that's a big number, but to put it in perspective,

To je velik broj, ali da bi vam bio razumljiviji,

it's less than two percent

to je manje od dva posto

of what we spend every year on teacher salaries.

onog što svake godine potrošimo na učiteljske plaće.

The impact for teachers would be phenomenal.

Učinak na učitelje bio bi izvanredan.

We would finally have a way to give them feedback,

Napokon bismo imali načina da im damo povratnu informaciju,

as well as the means to act on it.

kao i sredstva da na osnovi nje djelujemo.

But this system would have

Ali, taj bi sustav donio

an even more important benefit for our country.

još i važniju dobrobit našoj zemlji.

It would put us on a path to making sure

Njime bismo mogli svim našim učenicima

all our students get a great education,

osigurati odlično obrazovanje,

find a career that's fulfilling and rewarding,

omogućiti odabir ispunjavajuće i isplative karijere,

and have a chance to live out their dreams.

te pružiti priliku da ostvare svoje snove.

This wouldn't just make us a more successful country.

To nas ne bi učinilo samo uspješnijom zemljom...

It would also make us a more fair and just one, too.

Učinilo bi nas pravednijom i pravičnijom, također.

I'm excited about the opportunity

Uzbuđen sam zbog prilike

to give all our teachers the support they want and deserve.

da svim našim učiteljima izrazim podršku koju žele i koju zaslužuju.

I hope you are too.

Nadam se da ste i vi.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)