TED's secret to great public speaking | Chris Anderson | TED

Prevodilac: Ivana Korom Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

Some people think that there's a TED Talk formula:

Neki ljudi misle da postoji formula za TED govor:

"Give a talk on a round, red rug."

„Održi govor na okruglom, crvenom tepihu.“

"Share a childhood story."

„Ispričaj priču iz detinjstva.“

"Divulge a personal secret."

„Ogoli ličnu tajnu.“

"End with an inspiring call to action."

„Završi sa inspirativnim pozivom na akciju.“

No.

Ne.

That's not how to think of a TED Talk.

Ne treba tako razmišljati o TED govoru.

In fact, if you overuse those devices,

U stvari, ako previše koristite te savete,

you're just going to come across as clichéd or emotionally manipulative.

ostavićete utisak klišea ili emotivnog manipulanta.

But there is one thing that all great TED Talks have in common,

Ali postoji jedna stvar, zajednička svim odličnim TED govorima,

and I would like to share that thing with you,

i želim da je podelim sa vama,

because over the past 12 years, I've had a ringside seat,

jer sam tokom poslednjih 12 godina imao mesto u prvom redu

listening to many hundreds of amazing TED speakers, like these.

odakle sam slušao stotine sjajnih TED govornika, kao što su ovi.

I've helped them prepare their talks for prime time,

Pomogao sam im da pripreme govore za glavni nastup

and learned directly from them

i od njih sam direktno učio

their secrets of what makes for a great talk.

njihove tajne toga šta čini jedan odličan govor.

And even though these speakers and their topics all seem

I iako ovi govornici i njihove teme

deluju potpuno različito,

completely different,

they actually do have one key common ingredient.

ipak imaju jedan zajednički sastojak.

And it's this:

A to je ovo:

Your number one task as a speaker

vaš prvi zadatak kao govornika

is to transfer into your listeners' minds an extraordinary gift --

je da u um vaših slušalaca prebacite jedan izuzetan dar -

a strange and beautiful object that we call an idea.

čudnu i lepu stvar koju nazivamo idejom.

Let me show you what I mean.

Pokazaću vam šta mislim.

Here's Haley.

Ovo je Hejli.

She is about to give a TED Talk

Ona se sprema da ordži TED govor

and frankly, she's terrified.

i iskreno, prestravljena je.

(Video) Presenter: Haley Van Dyck!

(Video) Domaćin: Hejli van Dajk!

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Over the course of 18 minutes,

Tokom 18 minuta,

1,200 people, many of whom have never seen each other before,

1 200 ljudi, od kojih se mnogi nikada nisu upoznali,

are finding that their brains are starting to sync with Haley's brain

shvatiće da njihovi mozgovi počinju da se sinhronizuju sa Hejlinim,

and with each other.

ali i međusobno.

They're literally beginning to exhibit the same brain-wave patterns.

Bukvalno počinju da ispoljavaju iste obrasce moždanih talasa.

And I don't just mean they're feeling the same emotions.

Ne mislim samo da doživljavaju ista osećanja.

There's something even more startling happening.

Nešto još čudesnije se dešava.

Let's take a look inside Haley's brain for a moment.

Hejde da za trenutak pogledamo unutar Hejlinog mozga.

There are billions of interconnected neurons in an impossible tangle.

Tu postoje milijarde neurona, međusobno povezanih u nerazmrsivi čvor.

But look here, right here --

Pogledajte, baš ovde -

a few million of them are linked to each other

nekoliko miliona njih povezani su međusobno

in a way which represents a single idea.

na način koji predstavlja jednu ideju.

And incredibly, this exact pattern is being recreated in real time

Neverovatno, ovaj isti obrazac se u isto vreme stvara

inside the minds of everyone listening.

u umovima svih koji slušaju.

That's right; in just a few minutes,

Tako je; u samo nekoliko minuta,

a pattern involving millions of neurons

obrazac koji uključuje milione neurona

is being teleported into 1,200 minds,

teleportuje se u 1 200 umova,

just by people listening to a voice and watching a face.

samo tako što ljudi slušaju jedan glas i gledaju jedno lice.

But wait -- what is an idea anyway?

No, čekajte, šta je uopšte ideja?

Well, you can think of it as a pattern of information

Možete o njoj misliti kao o šemi informacija

that helps you understand and navigate the world.

koja vam pomaže da razumete svet i upravljate njime.

Ideas come in all shapes and sizes,

Ideje se javljaju u raznim oblicima i veličinama,

from the complex and analytical

od složenih i analitičkih

to the simple and aesthetic.

do jednostavnih i estetskih.

Here are just a few examples shared from the TED stage.

Evo nekih primera sa TED bine.

Sir Ken Robinson -- creativity is key to our kids' future.

Ser Ken Robinson - kreativnost je ključ budućnosti naše dece.

(Video) Sir Ken Robinson: My contention is that creativity now

(Video) Ser Ken Robinson: Moj argument je da je danas kreativnost

is as important in education as literacy,

jednako važna u obrazovanju kao pismenost,

and we should treat it with the same status.

i trebalo bi da joj damo isti status.

Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- building from bamboo is beautiful.

Kris Anderson: Elora Hardi - građevine od bambusa su prelepe.

(Video) Elora Hardy: It is growing all around us,

(Video) Elora Hardi: On raste svuda oko nas,

it's strong, it's elegant, it's earthquake-resistant.

čvrst je, elegantan, otporan na zemljotres.

CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- people are more than a single identity.

KA: Čimamanda Adiči - ljudi su više od samo jednog identiteta.

(Video) Chimamanda Adichie: The single story creates stereotypes,

(Video) Čimamanda Adiči: Pojedinačna priča stvara stereotipe,

and the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue,

a problem sa stereotipima nije u tome što su neistiniti,

but that they are incomplete.

nego što su nepotpuni.

CA: Your mind is teeming with ideas,

KA: Vaš um vrvi od ideja,

and not just randomly.

ali ne nasumično.

They're carefully linked together.

One su pažljivo međusobno povezane.

Collectively they form an amazingly complex structure

Zajedno, formiraju neverovatno složenu strukturu

that is your personal worldview.

koja čini vaš lični pogled na svet.

It's your brain's operating system.

To je operativni sistem vašeg mozga,

It's how you navigate the world.

način na koji upravljate svetom,

And it is built up out of millions of individual ideas.

i sagrađen je od miliona individualnih ideja.

So, for example, if one little component of your worldview

Na primer, ako je jedan delić vašeg pogleda na svet

is the idea that kittens are adorable,

ideja da su mačići neodoljivi,

then when you see this,

onda ćete na ovo

you'll react like this.

reagovati ovako.

But if another component of your worldview

Međutim, ako je neki drugi deo vašeg pogleda na svet

is the idea that leopards are dangerous,

ideja da su leopardi opasni,

then when you see this,

onda ćete kad vidite ovo,

you'll react a little bit differently.

reagovati malo drugačije.

So, it's pretty obvious

Dakle, prilično je očigledno

why the ideas that make up your worldview are crucial.

zašto su važne ideje koje čine vaše viđenje sveta.

You need them to be as reliable as possible -- a guide,

Potrebno vam je da budu najsigurnije moguće - vodič,

to the scary but wonderful real world out there.

za zastrašujuć, ali divan svet.

Now, different people's worldviews can be dramatically different.

Sad, pogledi na svet različitih ljudi mogu se dramatično razlikovati.

For example,

Na primer,

how does your worldview react when you see this image:

kako vaše viđenje sveta reaguje nada vidite ovu sliku:

(Video) Dalia Mogahed: What do you think when you look at me?

(Video) Dalija Mogahed: Šta pomislite kad me pogledate?

"A woman of faith," "an expert," maybe even "a sister"?

„Religiozna žena“, „stručnjak“, možda čak i „sestra“?

Or "oppressed," "brainwashed,"

Ili „ugnjetavana“, „ispranog mozga“,

"a terrorist"?

„terorista“?

CA: Whatever your answer,

KA: Kakav god da je vaš odgovor,

there are millions of people out there who would react very differently.

postoje milioni ljudi koji bi reagovali veoma različito.

So that's why ideas really matter.

Zato su ideje zaista važne.

If communicated properly, they're capable of changing, forever,

Ako se dobro prenesu, imaju sposobnost da zauvek promene

how someone thinks about the world,

nečije mišljenje o svetu

and shaping their actions both now and well into the future.

i uobliče njihove postupke, kako sada, tako i u budućnosti.

Ideas are the most powerful force shaping human culture.

Ideje su najmoćnija sila koja oblikuje kulturu ljudi.

So if you accept

Ako prihvatite

that your number one task as a speaker is to build an idea

da vam je, kao govorniku, najvažniji zadatak da izgradite ideju

inside the minds of your audience,

unutar umova vaše publike,

here are four guidelines for how you should go about that task:

evo četiri saveta za pristupanje tom zadatku:

One, limit your talk to just one major idea.

prvo, ograničite svoj govor samo na jednu veliku ideju.

Ideas are complex things;

Ideje su složene stvari;

you need to slash back your content so that you can focus

morate da smanjite sadržaj kako biste se usredsredili

on the single idea you're most passionate about,

na jednu ideju koja vam je najvažnija,

and give yourself a chance to explain that one thing properly.

i kako biste imali šansu da tu jednu stvar adekvatno objasnite.

You have to give context, share examples, make it vivid.

Morate je staviti u kontekst, dati primere, učiniti je opipljivom.

So pick one idea,

Dakle, odaberite jednu ideju

and make it the through-line running through your entire talk,

i neka ona bude nit koja prožima ceo vaš govor,

so that everything you say links back to it in some way.

tako da sve što kažete na neki način vodi nazad do nje.

Two, give your listeners a reason to care.

Drugo, dajte svojim slušaocima razlog da im bude stalo.

Before you can start building things inside the minds of your audience,

Pre nego što počnete da izgrađujete nešto u umovima svoje publike,

you have to get their permission to welcome you in.

morate dobiti njihovu dozvolu da vas prime.

And the main tool to achieve that?

A glavni alat da postignete to?

Curiosity.

Radoznalost.

Stir your audience's curiosity.

Pokrenite radoznalost kod svoje publike.

Use intriguing, provocative questions

Koristite zanimljiva, provokativna pitanja

to identify why something doesn't make sense and needs explaining.

da biste otkrili zašto nešto nema smisla i potrebno je objasniti ga.

If you can reveal a disconnection in someone's worldview,

Ako u nečijem pogledu na svet otkrijete nepovezanost,

they'll feel the need to bridge that knowledge gap.

oni će imati potrebu da premoste taj jaz u znanju.

And once you've sparked that desire,

Kad jednom pokrenete tu želju,

it will be so much easier to start building your idea.

biće mnogo lakše da počnete da gradite svoju ideju.

Three, build your idea, piece by piece,

Treće, gradite svoju ideju, deo po deo,

out of concepts that your audience already understands.

iz koncepata koje publika već razume.

You use the power of language

Koristite moć jezika

to weave together concepts that already exist

da spojite koncepte koji već postoje

in your listeners' minds --

u umovima vaših slušalaca -

but not your language, their language.

ali ne svog jezika, njihovog jezika.

You start where they are.

Krenite sa mesta na kom se oni nalaze.

The speakers often forget that many of the terms and concepts they live with

Govornici često zaboravljaju da su mnogi termini sa kojima žive

are completely unfamiliar to their audiences.

potpuno nepoznati njihovoj publici.

Now, metaphors can play a crucial role in showing how the pieces fit together,

Metafore mogu odigrati značajnu ulogu u uklapanju delova slagalice,

because they reveal the desired shape of the pattern,

jer otkrivaju željeni oblik,

based on an idea that the listener already understands.

zasnovan na ideji koju slušalac već razume.

For example, when Jennifer Kahn

Na primer, kad je Dženifer Kan

wanted to explain the incredible new biotechnology called CRISPR,

želela da objasni neverovatnu novu biotehnologiju, CRISPR,

she said, "It's as if, for the first time,

rekla je: „To je kao da, po prvi put,

you had a word processor to edit DNA.

imate računar za obradu DNK.

CRISPR allows you to cut and paste genetic information really easily."

CRISPR van omogućava da veoma lako sečete i lepite genetske informacije.“

Now, a vivid explanation like that delivers a satisfying aha moment

Tako slikovito objašnjenje dovodi do zadovoljavajućeg „aha“ trenutka

as it snaps into place in our minds.

kad klikne na svoje mesto u našem mozgu.

It's important, therefore, to test your talk on trusted friends,

Stoga je važno da svoj govor testirate na svojim prijateljima,

and find out which parts they get confused by.

da otkrijete koji delovi ih zbunjuju.

Four, here's the final tip:

Četvrto, ovo je poslednji savet:

Make your idea worth sharing.

neka vaša ideja bude vredna širenja.

By that I mean, ask yourself the question:

To znači da postavite sebi pitanje:

"Who does this idea benefit?"

„Kome ova ideja koristi?“

And I need you to be honest with the answer.

Budite iskreni u svom odgovoru.

If the idea only serves you or your organization,

Ako ideja služi samo vama ili vašoj organizaciji,

then, I'm sorry to say, it's probably not worth sharing.

onda, žao mi je, verovatno nije vredna širenja.

The audience will see right through you.

Publika će vas prozreti.

But if you believe that the idea has the potential

Međutim, ako verujete da ta ideja ima potencijala

to brighten up someone else's day

da nekome ulepša dan,

or change someone else's perspective for the better

da nekome na bolje promeni shvatanje

or inspire someone to do something differently,

ili inspiriše nekoga da nešto uradi drugačije,

then you have the core ingredient to a truly great talk,

onda imate ključni sastojak za zaista dobar govor,

one that can be a gift to them and to all of us.

koji može biti dar svima nama.