TED's secret to great public speaking | Chris Anderson | TED

3,114,133 views ・ 2016-04-19

TED


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Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Danijela Rako
00:12
Some people think that there's a TED Talk formula:
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Neki ljudi misle kako postoji formula za TED Govor:
00:15
"Give a talk on a round, red rug."
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"Govori na okruglom, crvenom tepihu."
00:17
"Share a childhood story."
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"Podijeli priču iz djetinjstva."
00:18
"Divulge a personal secret."
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"Otkrij osobnu tajnu."
00:20
"End with an inspiring call to action."
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"Završi s nadahnjujućim pozivom na djelovanje."
00:23
No.
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Ne.
00:24
That's not how to think of a TED Talk.
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Tako ne treba razmišljati o TED Govoru.
00:26
In fact, if you overuse those devices,
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Zapravo, ako previše koristite te elemente,
00:28
you're just going to come across as clichéd or emotionally manipulative.
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samo ćete ostaviti dojam klišeja ili emocionalnog manipulatora.
00:32
But there is one thing that all great TED Talks have in common,
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Ali postoji jedna stvar zajednička svim odličnim TED Govorima,
00:36
and I would like to share that thing with you,
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i ja bih je volio podijeliti s vama,
00:39
because over the past 12 years, I've had a ringside seat,
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jer posljednjih 12 godina imam sjedalo u prvom redu,
00:42
listening to many hundreds of amazing TED speakers, like these.
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slušajući stotine izvanrednih TED govornika, poput ovih.
00:46
I've helped them prepare their talks for prime time,
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Pomogao sam im da pripreme svoje govore za nastup
00:49
and learned directly from them
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i učio sam od njih
00:50
their secrets of what makes for a great talk.
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tajne onoga što čini odličan govor.
00:53
And even though these speakers and their topics all seem
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I iako se ti govornici i njihove teme svi čine
00:56
completely different,
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potpuno različitima,
00:57
they actually do have one key common ingredient.
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one zapravo imaju jedan zajednički sastojak.
01:01
And it's this:
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A to je ovo:
01:03
Your number one task as a speaker
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Prvi zadatak vas kao govornika
01:05
is to transfer into your listeners' minds an extraordinary gift --
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je prebaciti u um slušatelja izvanredan dar --
01:10
a strange and beautiful object that we call an idea.
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čudnu i prekrasnu stvar koju zovemo ideja.
01:16
Let me show you what I mean.
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Dozvolite da vam pokažem što mislim.
01:17
Here's Haley.
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Ovo je Haley.
01:18
She is about to give a TED Talk
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Ona će upravo održati TED Govor
01:20
and frankly, she's terrified.
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i iskreno, prestravljena je.
01:22
(Video) Presenter: Haley Van Dyck!
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(Video) Predstavljač: Haley Van Dyck!
01:24
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
01:30
Over the course of 18 minutes,
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Tijekom 18 minuta,
01:32
1,200 people, many of whom have never seen each other before,
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1200 ljudi, od kojih se mnogi prvi put vide,
01:36
are finding that their brains are starting to sync with Haley's brain
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osjećaju kako se njihov mozak usklađuje s Hayleyinim mozgom
01:40
and with each other.
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i s onima u okolini.
01:41
They're literally beginning to exhibit the same brain-wave patterns.
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Doslovno počinju pokazivati iste uzorke moždanih valova.
01:45
And I don't just mean they're feeling the same emotions.
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I ne mislim samo na to da osjećaju iste emocije.
01:48
There's something even more startling happening.
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Događa se nešto što će vas još više iznenaditi.
01:50
Let's take a look inside Haley's brain for a moment.
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Pogledajmo Haylein mozak na tren.
01:54
There are billions of interconnected neurons in an impossible tangle.
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Postoje milijarde povezanih neurona u nezamislivom čvoru.
01:58
But look here, right here --
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Ali pogledajte ondje, točno tamo --
02:00
a few million of them are linked to each other
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nekoliko milijuna njih povezano je jedni s drugima
02:03
in a way which represents a single idea.
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na način koji predstavlja jednu ideju.
02:06
And incredibly, this exact pattern is being recreated in real time
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I začudo, ovaj uzorak se ponovno stvara u stvarnom vremenu,
02:10
inside the minds of everyone listening.
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unutar mozga svih koji slušaju.
02:13
That's right; in just a few minutes,
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Tako je, u nekoliko minuta
02:15
a pattern involving millions of neurons
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uzorak s milijunima neurona
02:18
is being teleported into 1,200 minds,
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teleportira se u 1200 umova,
02:21
just by people listening to a voice and watching a face.
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samo zato što ljudi slušaju glas i gledaju lice.
02:24
But wait -- what is an idea anyway?
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Ali čekajte -- što je to uopće ideja?
02:27
Well, you can think of it as a pattern of information
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Pa, možete misliti o tome kao o uzorku informacija
02:31
that helps you understand and navigate the world.
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koji pomaže da shvatite i krećete se svijetom.
02:34
Ideas come in all shapes and sizes,
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Ideje dolaze u svim oblicima i veličinama,
02:36
from the complex and analytical
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od složenih i analitičkih
02:38
to the simple and aesthetic.
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do jednostavnih i lijepih.
02:40
Here are just a few examples shared from the TED stage.
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Evo samo nekoliko primjera podijeljenih na TED pozornici.
02:43
Sir Ken Robinson -- creativity is key to our kids' future.
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Sir Ken Robinson -- kreativnost je ključ budućnosti naše djece.
02:47
(Video) Sir Ken Robinson: My contention is that creativity now
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(Video) Sir Ken Robinson: Moja tvrdnja je ta da je kreativnost
02:50
is as important in education as literacy,
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jednako važna u obrazovanju kao pismenost
02:53
and we should treat it with the same status.
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i trebali bismo je tretirati jednako.
02:56
Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- building from bamboo is beautiful.
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Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- gradnja bambusom je predivna.
02:59
(Video) Elora Hardy: It is growing all around us,
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(Video) Elora Hardy: Raste posvuda oko nas,
03:01
it's strong, it's elegant, it's earthquake-resistant.
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snažan je, elegantan, otporan na potrese.
03:05
CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- people are more than a single identity.
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CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- ljudi su više od jednog identiteta.
03:09
(Video) Chimamanda Adichie: The single story creates stereotypes,
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(Video) Chimamanda Adichie: Jedna priča stvara stereotipe,
03:12
and the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue,
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i problem sa stereotipima nije da nisu istiniti,
03:17
but that they are incomplete.
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nego da su nepotpuni.
03:19
CA: Your mind is teeming with ideas,
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CA: Vaš um prepun je ideja,
03:21
and not just randomly.
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i ne samo nasumičnih.
03:23
They're carefully linked together.
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Pažljivo su povezane.
03:25
Collectively they form an amazingly complex structure
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Zajedno tvore nevjerojatno složenu strukturu
03:28
that is your personal worldview.
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koja je vaš osobni pogled na svijet.
03:30
It's your brain's operating system.
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To je operativni sustav vašeg mozga.
03:32
It's how you navigate the world.
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Tako se krećete kroz svijet.
03:34
And it is built up out of millions of individual ideas.
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I izgrađen je od milijuna individualnih ideja.
03:38
So, for example, if one little component of your worldview
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Na primjer, ako jedna komponenta vašeg pogleda na svijet
03:42
is the idea that kittens are adorable,
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jest ta da su mačići dražesni,
03:44
then when you see this,
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onda ćete kada vidite ovo,
03:47
you'll react like this.
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reagirati ovako.
03:48
But if another component of your worldview
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Ali ako je druga komponenta vašeg pogleda na svijet
03:51
is the idea that leopards are dangerous,
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ideja da su leopardi opasni,
03:53
then when you see this,
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kada vidite ovo,
03:54
you'll react a little bit differently.
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reagirat ćete malo drugačije.
03:57
So, it's pretty obvious
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Dakle, poprilično je očito
03:59
why the ideas that make up your worldview are crucial.
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zašto su ideje koje stvaraju vaš svijet važne.
04:03
You need them to be as reliable as possible -- a guide,
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Moraju biti što pouzdanije -- vodič
04:06
to the scary but wonderful real world out there.
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u strašnom, ali prekrasnom stvarnom svijetu.
04:09
Now, different people's worldviews can be dramatically different.
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Pogledi na svijet različitih ljudi mogu biti dramatično različiti.
04:14
For example,
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Na primjer,
04:15
how does your worldview react when you see this image:
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kako vaš pogled na svijet reagira na ovu sliku:
04:19
(Video) Dalia Mogahed: What do you think when you look at me?
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(Video) Dalia Mogahed: Što pomislite kada me pogledate?
04:22
"A woman of faith," "an expert," maybe even "a sister"?
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"Ženu vjere," "stručnjakinju" ili možda "sestru"?
04:28
Or "oppressed," "brainwashed,"
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Ili "potlačenu", "ispranog mozga",
04:32
"a terrorist"?
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"terorista"?
04:33
CA: Whatever your answer,
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CA: Koji god vaš odgovor bio,
04:35
there are millions of people out there who would react very differently.
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postoje milijuni ljudi koji bi odgovorili potpuno drugačije.
04:38
So that's why ideas really matter.
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Zato su ideje zaista važne.
04:40
If communicated properly, they're capable of changing, forever,
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Ako ih se pravilno komunicira, mogu zauvijek promijeniti
04:44
how someone thinks about the world,
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kako netko razmišlja o svijetu
04:46
and shaping their actions both now and well into the future.
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i oblikovati njihova djelovanja sada i daleko u budućnosti.
04:51
Ideas are the most powerful force shaping human culture.
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Ideje su najjača sila koja oblikuje ljudsku kulturu.
04:55
So if you accept
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Ako prihvatite
04:56
that your number one task as a speaker is to build an idea
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da vam je kao govorniku osnovni zadatak izgraditi ideju
04:59
inside the minds of your audience,
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unutar umova vaše publike,
05:01
here are four guidelines for how you should go about that task:
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evo naputaka za taj zadatak:
05:04
One, limit your talk to just one major idea.
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Kao prvo, ograničite vaš govor na samo jednu veliku ideju.
05:09
Ideas are complex things;
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Ideje su složene stvari:
05:11
you need to slash back your content so that you can focus
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trebate srezati sadržaj da se možete usredotočiti
05:14
on the single idea you're most passionate about,
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na jednu ideju za koju ste strastveni,
05:17
and give yourself a chance to explain that one thing properly.
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i dajte si priliku da tu jednu stvar dobro objasnite.
05:20
You have to give context, share examples, make it vivid.
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Morate dati kontekst, primjere, učiniti je živom.
05:24
So pick one idea,
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Odaberite jednu ideju
05:25
and make it the through-line running through your entire talk,
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i neka ona prožima cijeli vaš govor
05:29
so that everything you say links back to it in some way.
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tako da je sve što kažete povezano s idejom na neki način.
05:33
Two, give your listeners a reason to care.
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Kao drugo, dajte onima koji vas slušaju razlog da im bude stalo.
05:37
Before you can start building things inside the minds of your audience,
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Prije nego počnete graditi stvari u umu vaše publike,
05:41
you have to get their permission to welcome you in.
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morate dobiti njihovo dopuštenje da vas puste unutra.
05:44
And the main tool to achieve that?
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A glavni alat za postizanje toga?
05:46
Curiosity.
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Znatiželja.
05:47
Stir your audience's curiosity.
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Potaknite znatiželju vaše publike.
05:49
Use intriguing, provocative questions
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Koristite intrigantna, provokativna pitanja
05:52
to identify why something doesn't make sense and needs explaining.
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kako biste objasnili zašto nešto nema smisla i treba biti objašnjeno.
05:56
If you can reveal a disconnection in someone's worldview,
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Ako možete otkriti nepovezanost u nečijem pogledu na svijet,
06:00
they'll feel the need to bridge that knowledge gap.
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oni će osjetiti potrebu da premoste tu rupu u znanju.
06:04
And once you've sparked that desire,
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I kada ste potakli tu želju,
06:06
it will be so much easier to start building your idea.
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bit će puno lakše graditi vašu ideju.
06:10
Three, build your idea, piece by piece,
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Kao treće, gradite vašu ideju, dio po dio,
06:13
out of concepts that your audience already understands.
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iz koncepata koje vaša publika već razumije.
06:17
You use the power of language
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Upotrijebite moć jezika
06:18
to weave together concepts that already exist
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da povežete koncepte koji već postoje
06:21
in your listeners' minds --
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u umovima vaših slušatelja --
06:23
but not your language, their language.
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ali ne svoj jezik, njihov jezik.
06:25
You start where they are.
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Počnite tamo gdje su oni.
06:27
The speakers often forget that many of the terms and concepts they live with
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Govornici često zaborave da mnogi termini i koncepti s kojima žive
06:30
are completely unfamiliar to their audiences.
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potpuna su nepoznanica njihovoj publici.
06:33
Now, metaphors can play a crucial role in showing how the pieces fit together,
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Metafore mogu imati ključnu ulogu u pokazivanju kako se dijelovi slažu
06:38
because they reveal the desired shape of the pattern,
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jer otkrivaju željeni oblik uzorka
06:42
based on an idea that the listener already understands.
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na osnovi ideje koju slušatelj već razumije.
06:46
For example, when Jennifer Kahn
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Na primjer, kada je Jennifer Kahn
06:48
wanted to explain the incredible new biotechnology called CRISPR,
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htjela objasniti nevjerojatnu novu tehnologiju imena CRISPR,
06:51
she said, "It's as if, for the first time,
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rekla je: "To je kao da prvi puta
06:54
you had a word processor to edit DNA.
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imate tekstualni procesor za uređivanje DNK-a.
06:57
CRISPR allows you to cut and paste genetic information really easily."
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CRISPR omogućuje da izrežete i zalijepite genetske informacije na jednostavan način."
07:02
Now, a vivid explanation like that delivers a satisfying aha moment
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Sad, takvo živopisno objašnjenje uzrokuje zadovoljavajući aha trenutak
07:06
as it snaps into place in our minds.
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kada sjedne na mjesto u našim umovima.
07:08
It's important, therefore, to test your talk on trusted friends,
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Tako da je važno testirati vaš govor na prijateljima od povjerenja
07:12
and find out which parts they get confused by.
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i saznati na kojem dijelu se zbune.
07:15
Four, here's the final tip:
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Kao četvrto, i ovo je posljednji naputak:
07:17
Make your idea worth sharing.
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Neka vaša ideja bude vrijedna širenja.
07:21
By that I mean, ask yourself the question:
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Kad to kažem, želim reći da se zapitate:
07:23
"Who does this idea benefit?"
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"Kome ova ideja čini dobro?"
07:26
And I need you to be honest with the answer.
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I morate biti iskreni s odgovorom.
07:29
If the idea only serves you or your organization,
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Ako ideja služi samo vama ili vašoj organizaciji,
07:32
then, I'm sorry to say, it's probably not worth sharing.
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onda, žao mi je, ali vjerojatno nije vrijedna širenja.
07:35
The audience will see right through you.
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Publika će vidjeti kroz vas.
07:37
But if you believe that the idea has the potential
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Ali ako vjerujete da ideja ima potencijal
07:40
to brighten up someone else's day
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da uljepša nečiji dan
07:42
or change someone else's perspective for the better
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ili da promijeni nečiju perspektivu na bolje
07:45
or inspire someone to do something differently,
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ili da inspirira nekog da nešto napravi drugačije,
07:48
then you have the core ingredient to a truly great talk,
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onda imate osnovni sastojak zaista odličnog govora,
07:51
one that can be a gift to them and to all of us.
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jednog koji može biti dar njima i svima nama.
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