TED's secret to great public speaking | Chris Anderson | TED

Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Danijela Rako

Some people think that there's a TED Talk formula:

Neki ljudi misle kako postoji formula za TED Govor:

"Give a talk on a round, red rug."

"Govori na okruglom, crvenom tepihu."

"Share a childhood story."

"Podijeli priču iz djetinjstva."

"Divulge a personal secret."

"Otkrij osobnu tajnu."

"End with an inspiring call to action."

"Završi s nadahnjujućim pozivom na djelovanje."

No.

Ne.

That's not how to think of a TED Talk.

Tako ne treba razmišljati o TED Govoru.

In fact, if you overuse those devices,

Zapravo, ako previše koristite te elemente,

you're just going to come across as clichéd or emotionally manipulative.

samo ćete ostaviti dojam klišeja ili emocionalnog manipulatora.

But there is one thing that all great TED Talks have in common,

Ali postoji jedna stvar zajednička svim odličnim TED Govorima,

and I would like to share that thing with you,

i ja bih je volio podijeliti s vama,

because over the past 12 years, I've had a ringside seat,

jer posljednjih 12 godina imam sjedalo u prvom redu,

listening to many hundreds of amazing TED speakers, like these.

slušajući stotine izvanrednih TED govornika, poput ovih.

I've helped them prepare their talks for prime time,

Pomogao sam im da pripreme svoje govore za nastup

and learned directly from them

i učio sam od njih

their secrets of what makes for a great talk.

tajne onoga što čini odličan govor.

And even though these speakers and their topics all seem

I iako se ti govornici i njihove teme svi čine

completely different,

potpuno različitima,

they actually do have one key common ingredient.

one zapravo imaju jedan zajednički sastojak.

And it's this:

A to je ovo:

Your number one task as a speaker

Prvi zadatak vas kao govornika

is to transfer into your listeners' minds an extraordinary gift --

je prebaciti u um slušatelja izvanredan dar --

a strange and beautiful object that we call an idea.

čudnu i prekrasnu stvar koju zovemo ideja.

Let me show you what I mean.

Dozvolite da vam pokažem što mislim.

Here's Haley.

Ovo je Haley.

She is about to give a TED Talk

Ona će upravo održati TED Govor

and frankly, she's terrified.

i iskreno, prestravljena je.

(Video) Presenter: Haley Van Dyck!

(Video) Predstavljač: Haley Van Dyck!

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Over the course of 18 minutes,

Tijekom 18 minuta,

1,200 people, many of whom have never seen each other before,

1200 ljudi, od kojih se mnogi prvi put vide,

are finding that their brains are starting to sync with Haley's brain

osjećaju kako se njihov mozak usklađuje s Hayleyinim mozgom

and with each other.

i s onima u okolini.

They're literally beginning to exhibit the same brain-wave patterns.

Doslovno počinju pokazivati iste uzorke moždanih valova.

And I don't just mean they're feeling the same emotions.

I ne mislim samo na to da osjećaju iste emocije.

There's something even more startling happening.

Događa se nešto što će vas još više iznenaditi.

Let's take a look inside Haley's brain for a moment.

Pogledajmo Haylein mozak na tren.

There are billions of interconnected neurons in an impossible tangle.

Postoje milijarde povezanih neurona u nezamislivom čvoru.

But look here, right here --

Ali pogledajte ondje, točno tamo --

a few million of them are linked to each other

nekoliko milijuna njih povezano je jedni s drugima

in a way which represents a single idea.

na način koji predstavlja jednu ideju.

And incredibly, this exact pattern is being recreated in real time

I začudo, ovaj uzorak se ponovno stvara u stvarnom vremenu,

inside the minds of everyone listening.

unutar mozga svih koji slušaju.

That's right; in just a few minutes,

Tako je, u nekoliko minuta

a pattern involving millions of neurons

uzorak s milijunima neurona

is being teleported into 1,200 minds,

teleportira se u 1200 umova,

just by people listening to a voice and watching a face.

samo zato što ljudi slušaju glas i gledaju lice.

But wait -- what is an idea anyway?

Ali čekajte -- što je to uopće ideja?

Well, you can think of it as a pattern of information

Pa, možete misliti o tome kao o uzorku informacija

that helps you understand and navigate the world.

koji pomaže da shvatite i krećete se svijetom.

Ideas come in all shapes and sizes,

Ideje dolaze u svim oblicima i veličinama,

from the complex and analytical

od složenih i analitičkih

to the simple and aesthetic.

do jednostavnih i lijepih.

Here are just a few examples shared from the TED stage.

Evo samo nekoliko primjera podijeljenih na TED pozornici.

Sir Ken Robinson -- creativity is key to our kids' future.

Sir Ken Robinson -- kreativnost je ključ budućnosti naše djece.

(Video) Sir Ken Robinson: My contention is that creativity now

(Video) Sir Ken Robinson: Moja tvrdnja je ta da je kreativnost

is as important in education as literacy,

jednako važna u obrazovanju kao pismenost

and we should treat it with the same status.

i trebali bismo je tretirati jednako.

Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- building from bamboo is beautiful.

Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- gradnja bambusom je predivna.

(Video) Elora Hardy: It is growing all around us,

(Video) Elora Hardy: Raste posvuda oko nas,

it's strong, it's elegant, it's earthquake-resistant.

snažan je, elegantan, otporan na potrese.

CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- people are more than a single identity.

CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- ljudi su više od jednog identiteta.

(Video) Chimamanda Adichie: The single story creates stereotypes,

(Video) Chimamanda Adichie: Jedna priča stvara stereotipe,

and the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue,

i problem sa stereotipima nije da nisu istiniti,

but that they are incomplete.

nego da su nepotpuni.

CA: Your mind is teeming with ideas,

CA: Vaš um prepun je ideja,

and not just randomly.

i ne samo nasumičnih.

They're carefully linked together.

Pažljivo su povezane.

Collectively they form an amazingly complex structure

Zajedno tvore nevjerojatno složenu strukturu

that is your personal worldview.

koja je vaš osobni pogled na svijet.

It's your brain's operating system.

To je operativni sustav vašeg mozga.

It's how you navigate the world.

Tako se krećete kroz svijet.

And it is built up out of millions of individual ideas.

I izgrađen je od milijuna individualnih ideja.

So, for example, if one little component of your worldview

Na primjer, ako jedna komponenta vašeg pogleda na svijet

is the idea that kittens are adorable,

jest ta da su mačići dražesni,

then when you see this,

onda ćete kada vidite ovo,

you'll react like this.

reagirati ovako.

But if another component of your worldview

Ali ako je druga komponenta vašeg pogleda na svijet

is the idea that leopards are dangerous,

ideja da su leopardi opasni,

then when you see this,

kada vidite ovo,

you'll react a little bit differently.

reagirat ćete malo drugačije.

So, it's pretty obvious

Dakle, poprilično je očito

why the ideas that make up your worldview are crucial.

zašto su ideje koje stvaraju vaš svijet važne.

You need them to be as reliable as possible -- a guide,

Moraju biti što pouzdanije -- vodič

to the scary but wonderful real world out there.

u strašnom, ali prekrasnom stvarnom svijetu.

Now, different people's worldviews can be dramatically different.

Pogledi na svijet različitih ljudi mogu biti dramatično različiti.

For example,

Na primjer,

how does your worldview react when you see this image:

kako vaš pogled na svijet reagira na ovu sliku:

(Video) Dalia Mogahed: What do you think when you look at me?

(Video) Dalia Mogahed: Što pomislite kada me pogledate?

"A woman of faith," "an expert," maybe even "a sister"?

"Ženu vjere," "stručnjakinju" ili možda "sestru"?

Or "oppressed," "brainwashed,"

Ili "potlačenu", "ispranog mozga",

"a terrorist"?

"terorista"?

CA: Whatever your answer,

CA: Koji god vaš odgovor bio,

there are millions of people out there who would react very differently.

postoje milijuni ljudi koji bi odgovorili potpuno drugačije.

So that's why ideas really matter.

Zato su ideje zaista važne.

If communicated properly, they're capable of changing, forever,

Ako ih se pravilno komunicira, mogu zauvijek promijeniti

how someone thinks about the world,

kako netko razmišlja o svijetu

and shaping their actions both now and well into the future.

i oblikovati njihova djelovanja sada i daleko u budućnosti.

Ideas are the most powerful force shaping human culture.

Ideje su najjača sila koja oblikuje ljudsku kulturu.

So if you accept

Ako prihvatite

that your number one task as a speaker is to build an idea

da vam je kao govorniku osnovni zadatak izgraditi ideju

inside the minds of your audience,

unutar umova vaše publike,

here are four guidelines for how you should go about that task:

evo naputaka za taj zadatak:

One, limit your talk to just one major idea.

Kao prvo, ograničite vaš govor na samo jednu veliku ideju.

Ideas are complex things;

Ideje su složene stvari:

you need to slash back your content so that you can focus

trebate srezati sadržaj da se možete usredotočiti

on the single idea you're most passionate about,

na jednu ideju za koju ste strastveni,

and give yourself a chance to explain that one thing properly.

i dajte si priliku da tu jednu stvar dobro objasnite.

You have to give context, share examples, make it vivid.

Morate dati kontekst, primjere, učiniti je živom.

So pick one idea,

Odaberite jednu ideju

and make it the through-line running through your entire talk,

i neka ona prožima cijeli vaš govor

so that everything you say links back to it in some way.

tako da je sve što kažete povezano s idejom na neki način.

Two, give your listeners a reason to care.

Kao drugo, dajte onima koji vas slušaju razlog da im bude stalo.

Before you can start building things inside the minds of your audience,

Prije nego počnete graditi stvari u umu vaše publike,

you have to get their permission to welcome you in.

morate dobiti njihovo dopuštenje da vas puste unutra.

And the main tool to achieve that?

A glavni alat za postizanje toga?

Curiosity.

Znatiželja.

Stir your audience's curiosity.

Potaknite znatiželju vaše publike.

Use intriguing, provocative questions

Koristite intrigantna, provokativna pitanja

to identify why something doesn't make sense and needs explaining.

kako biste objasnili zašto nešto nema smisla i treba biti objašnjeno.

If you can reveal a disconnection in someone's worldview,

Ako možete otkriti nepovezanost u nečijem pogledu na svijet,

they'll feel the need to bridge that knowledge gap.

oni će osjetiti potrebu da premoste tu rupu u znanju.

And once you've sparked that desire,

I kada ste potakli tu želju,

it will be so much easier to start building your idea.

bit će puno lakše graditi vašu ideju.

Three, build your idea, piece by piece,

Kao treće, gradite vašu ideju, dio po dio,

out of concepts that your audience already understands.

iz koncepata koje vaša publika već razumije.

You use the power of language

Upotrijebite moć jezika

to weave together concepts that already exist

da povežete koncepte koji već postoje

in your listeners' minds --

u umovima vaših slušatelja --

but not your language, their language.

ali ne svoj jezik, njihov jezik.

You start where they are.

Počnite tamo gdje su oni.

The speakers often forget that many of the terms and concepts they live with

Govornici često zaborave da mnogi termini i koncepti s kojima žive

are completely unfamiliar to their audiences.

potpuna su nepoznanica njihovoj publici.

Now, metaphors can play a crucial role in showing how the pieces fit together,

Metafore mogu imati ključnu ulogu u pokazivanju kako se dijelovi slažu

because they reveal the desired shape of the pattern,

jer otkrivaju željeni oblik uzorka

based on an idea that the listener already understands.

na osnovi ideje koju slušatelj već razumije.

For example, when Jennifer Kahn

Na primjer, kada je Jennifer Kahn

wanted to explain the incredible new biotechnology called CRISPR,

htjela objasniti nevjerojatnu novu tehnologiju imena CRISPR,

she said, "It's as if, for the first time,

rekla je: "To je kao da prvi puta

you had a word processor to edit DNA.

imate tekstualni procesor za uređivanje DNK-a.

CRISPR allows you to cut and paste genetic information really easily."

CRISPR omogućuje da izrežete i zalijepite genetske informacije na jednostavan način."

Now, a vivid explanation like that delivers a satisfying aha moment

Sad, takvo živopisno objašnjenje uzrokuje zadovoljavajući aha trenutak

as it snaps into place in our minds.

kada sjedne na mjesto u našim umovima.

It's important, therefore, to test your talk on trusted friends,

Tako da je važno testirati vaš govor na prijateljima od povjerenja

and find out which parts they get confused by.

i saznati na kojem dijelu se zbune.

Four, here's the final tip:

Kao četvrto, i ovo je posljednji naputak:

Make your idea worth sharing.

Neka vaša ideja bude vrijedna širenja.

By that I mean, ask yourself the question:

Kad to kažem, želim reći da se zapitate:

"Who does this idea benefit?"

"Kome ova ideja čini dobro?"

And I need you to be honest with the answer.

I morate biti iskreni s odgovorom.

If the idea only serves you or your organization,

Ako ideja služi samo vama ili vašoj organizaciji,

then, I'm sorry to say, it's probably not worth sharing.

onda, žao mi je, ali vjerojatno nije vrijedna širenja.

The audience will see right through you.

Publika će vidjeti kroz vas.

But if you believe that the idea has the potential

Ali ako vjerujete da ideja ima potencijal

to brighten up someone else's day

da uljepša nečiji dan

or change someone else's perspective for the better

ili da promijeni nečiju perspektivu na bolje

or inspire someone to do something differently,

ili da inspirira nekog da nešto napravi drugačije,

then you have the core ingredient to a truly great talk,

onda imate osnovni sastojak zaista odličnog govora,

one that can be a gift to them and to all of us.

jednog koji može biti dar njima i svima nama.