TED's secret to great public speaking | Chris Anderson | TED

3,114,133 views ใƒป 2016-04-19

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
Some people think that there's a TED Talk formula:
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ื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื ื•ืกื—ื” ืœื”ืจืฆืื•ืช TED:
00:15
"Give a talk on a round, red rug."
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"ืœื”ืจืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื— ืขื’ื•ืœ ื•ืื“ื•ื."
00:17
"Share a childhood story."
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"ืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ื•ืช."
00:18
"Divulge a personal secret."
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"ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืกื•ื“ ืื™ืฉื™."
00:20
"End with an inspiring call to action."
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"ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ืกื•ื—ืคืช ืœืคืขื•ืœื”."
00:23
No.
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ืœื.
00:24
That's not how to think of a TED Talk.
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ืœื ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ืจืฆืืช TED.
00:26
In fact, if you overuse those devices,
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื•ืคืจื– ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืืœื”
00:28
you're just going to come across as clichรฉd or emotionally manipulative.
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ืจืง ื™ืฆื™ื’ ืืชื›ื ื›ื ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื.
00:32
But there is one thing that all great TED Talks have in common,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ TED,
00:36
and I would like to share that thing with you,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืชื›ื ื‘ื•,
00:39
because over the past 12 years, I've had a ringside seat,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-12 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืœื
00:42
listening to many hundreds of amazing TED speakers, like these.
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ื•ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืžืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืจืฆื™ TED ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืืœื”.
00:46
I've helped them prepare their talks for prime time,
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ืขื–ืจืชื™ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืฆืื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืจื’ืข ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข
00:49
and learned directly from them
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ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื”ื ืืช ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื:
00:50
their secrets of what makes for a great talk.
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ืžื” ื”ื•ืคืš ื”ืจืฆืื” ืœืžืขื•ืœื”.
00:53
And even though these speakers and their topics all seem
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืจืฆื™ื ื•ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื“ ืืœื” ืžืืœื”,
00:56
completely different,
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00:57
they actually do have one key common ingredient.
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ื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ื•ืœื.
01:01
And it's this:
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื:
01:03
Your number one task as a speaker
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ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื, ื›ืžืจืฆื™ื,
01:05
is to transfer into your listeners' minds an extraordinary gift --
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ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื›ื ืžืชื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื” --
01:10
a strange and beautiful object that we call an idea.
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ืืช ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ ื•ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืคื™ื ื• "ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ".
ื”ื‘ื” ื•ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืœืžื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™.
01:16
Let me show you what I mean.
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01:17
Here's Haley.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืœื™. ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืชืช ื”ืจืฆืืช TED,
01:18
She is about to give a TED Talk
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01:20
and frankly, she's terrified.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื—ื•ื–ืช ืื™ืžื”.
01:22
(Video) Presenter: Haley Van Dyck!
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(ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ) ืžื ื—ื”: ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ ื•ืืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืง! (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:24
(Applause)
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01:30
Over the course of 18 minutes,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš 18 ื“ืงื•ืช,
01:32
1,200 people, many of whom have never seen each other before,
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1,200 ืื™ืฉ, ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืคื’ืฉื• ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”,
01:36
are finding that their brains are starting to sync with Haley's brain
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ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื ื›ืจืŸ ืขื ืžื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™
01:40
and with each other.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื ืžื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
01:41
They're literally beginning to exhibit the same brain-wave patterns.
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ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ ืžื•ื—.
01:45
And I don't just mean they're feeling the same emotions.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืจืง ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช:
01:48
There's something even more startling happening.
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ืงื•ืจื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
01:50
Let's take a look inside Haley's brain for a moment.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื ืฆื™ืฅ ืœืจื’ืข ืœืชื•ืš ืžื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™.
01:54
There are billions of interconnected neurons in an impossible tangle.
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ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืชืื™ ืขืฆื‘ ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืกื‘ืš ื‘ืœืชื™-ืืคืฉืจื™.
01:58
But look here, right here --
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื›ืืŸ, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ --
02:00
a few million of them are linked to each other
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ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื
02:03
in a way which represents a single idea.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“.
02:06
And incredibly, this exact pattern is being recreated in real time
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ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืืžืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ื“ืคื•ืก ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช
02:10
inside the minds of everyone listening.
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ื‘ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื.
02:13
That's right; in just a few minutes,
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืื“: ืชื•ืš ื“ืงื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช
02:15
a pattern involving millions of neurons
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ื“ืคื•ืก ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืชืื™ ืขืฆื‘
02:18
is being teleported into 1,200 minds,
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ืžืฉืชื’ืจ ืœืชื•ืš 1,200 ืžื•ื—ื•ืช,
02:21
just by people listening to a voice and watching a face.
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ืจืง ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื–ื ื” ืœืงื•ืœ ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ.
02:24
But wait -- what is an idea anyway?
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื’ืข. ืžื”ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ?
02:27
Well, you can think of it as a pattern of information
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื• ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข
ืฉืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื”ืชืžืฆื ื‘ื•.
02:31
that helps you understand and navigate the world.
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02:34
Ideas come in all shapes and sizes,
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ืœืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื™ื,
02:36
from the complex and analytical
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ืœืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™
02:38
to the simple and aesthetic.
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ื•ืขื“ ืœืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื”ืืกืชื˜ื™.
02:40
Here are just a few examples shared from the TED stage.
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ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืžืช TED.
02:43
Sir Ken Robinson -- creativity is key to our kids' future.
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ืกืจ ืงืŸ ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ: ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืขืชื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•.
02:47
(Video) Sir Ken Robinson: My contention is that creativity now
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(ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ) ืกืจ ืงืŸ ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ: ื˜ืขื ืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช
ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืงืจื•ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘,
02:50
is as important in education as literacy,
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02:53
and we should treat it with the same status.
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ื•ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื” ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืžื“.
02:56
Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- building from bamboo is beautiful.
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ืื™ืœื•ืจื” ื”ืืจื“ื™, ื ื”ื“ืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืžื‘ื•ืง.
02:59
(Video) Elora Hardy: It is growing all around us,
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(ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ) ืื™ืœื•ืจื” ื”ืืจื“ื™: ื–ื” ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
03:01
it's strong, it's elegant, it's earthquake-resistant.
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ื—ื–ืง, ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™, ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืื“ืžื”.
03:05
CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- people are more than a single identity.
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ื›"ื: ื›ื™ืžืžืื ื“ื” ืื“ื™ืฆ'ื™, ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”ื•ืช ืื—ืช.
03:09
(Video) Chimamanda Adichie: The single story creates stereotypes,
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(ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ) ื›ื™ืžืžืื ื“ื” ืื“ื™ืฆ'ื™: ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืงื•ื‘ืข ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื,
03:12
and the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue,
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ืฉื”ื ืฉืงืจื™ื™ื,
03:17
but that they are incomplete.
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ืืœื ืฉื”ื ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ืกืจ.
03:19
CA: Your mind is teeming with ideas,
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ื›"ื: ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ืฉื•ืงืง ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืืงืจืื™ื™ื;
03:21
and not just randomly.
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03:23
They're carefully linked together.
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื–ื™ืงื” ืžื•ืงืคื“ืช.
03:25
Collectively they form an amazingly complex structure
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ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื‘ื ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื -
03:28
that is your personal worldview.
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ื”ืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœืžื›ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช.
03:30
It's your brain's operating system.
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ื–ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื—ื›ื.
03:32
It's how you navigate the world.
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ื–ืืช ื“ืจื›ื›ื ืœื”ืชืžืฆื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
03:34
And it is built up out of millions of individual ideas.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
03:38
So, for example, if one little component of your worldview
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืงื˜ื ื˜ืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœืžื›ื
03:42
is the idea that kittens are adorable,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืชืœืชื•ืœื™ื ื”ื ื—ืžื•ื“ื™ื,
03:44
then when you see this,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืืชื ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื–ื”,
03:47
you'll react like this.
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ืชื’ื™ื‘ื• ื›ื›ื”.
03:48
But if another component of your worldview
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœืžื›ื
ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืžืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื,
03:51
is the idea that leopards are dangerous,
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03:53
then when you see this,
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืชืฆืคื• ื‘ื–ื”,
03:54
you'll react a little bit differently.
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ืชื’ื™ื‘ื• ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจืช.
03:57
So, it's pretty obvious
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืื ื›ืŸ,
03:59
why the ideas that make up your worldview are crucial.
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ืจืขืช ืœืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœืžื›ื.
04:03
You need them to be as reliable as possible -- a guide,
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืจื™ ื“ืจืš
04:06
to the scary but wonderful real world out there.
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ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™, ื”ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ืืš ื”ื ืคืœื ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื›ื.
04:09
Now, different people's worldviews can be dramatically different.
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ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื“.
04:14
For example,
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ืœืžืฉืœ,
04:15
how does your worldview react when you see this image:
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ืื™ืš ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœืžื›ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื” ืœื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”?
04:19
(Video) Dalia Mogahed: What do you think when you look at me?
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(ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ) ื“ืœื™ื” ืžื•ื’ืื”ื“: ืžื” ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™?
04:22
"A woman of faith," "an expert," maybe even "a sister"?
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"ืืฉื” ื“ืชื™ืช"? "ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืช"? ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• "ืื—ื•ืช"?
04:28
Or "oppressed," "brainwashed,"
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ "ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืžื“ื•ื›ืืช", "ืฉื˜ื•ืคืช ืžื•ื—",
"ืžื—ื‘ืœืช"?
04:32
"a terrorist"?
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04:33
CA: Whatever your answer,
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ื›"ื: ืชื”ื™ื” ืืฉืจ ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื›ื,
04:35
there are millions of people out there who would react very differently.
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ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืฉื™ื’ื™ื‘ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืื—ืจืช.
04:38
So that's why ideas really matter.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
04:40
If communicated properly, they're capable of changing, forever,
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ื›ืฉืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืœื ืฆื—
04:44
how someone thinks about the world,
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ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
04:46
and shaping their actions both now and well into the future.
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ื•ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ื’ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง.
04:51
Ideas are the most powerful force shaping human culture.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
04:55
So if you accept
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ืื– ืื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื›ื
04:56
that your number one task as a speaker is to build an idea
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ืฉืžืฉื™ืžืชื›ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื›ืžืจืฆื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
04:59
inside the minds of your audience,
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื›ื,
05:01
here are four guidelines for how you should go about that task:
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ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืžื ื—ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื–ืืช:
05:04
One, limit your talk to just one major idea.
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1. ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืจืฆืืชื ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“.
ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื;
05:09
Ideas are complex things;
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื›ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืžืงื“
05:11
you need to slash back your content so that you can focus
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05:14
on the single idea you're most passionate about,
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ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ื,
05:17
and give yourself a chance to explain that one thing properly.
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ื•ืœืชืช ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš.
05:20
You have to give context, share examples, make it vivid.
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืกืคืง ื”ืงืฉืจ, ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช, ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื•.
05:24
So pick one idea,
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ืื– ื‘ื—ืจื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“,
05:25
and make it the through-line running through your entire talk,
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ื•ื”ื™ืคื›ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœื ื™ืžื” ืฉืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื”,
05:29
so that everything you say links back to it in some way.
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืชืืžืจื• ื™ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ื• ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•.
05:33
Two, give your listeners a reason to care.
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2. ืชื ื• ืœืงื”ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืื™ื›ืคืชื™ื•ืช.
05:37
Before you can start building things inside the minds of your audience,
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ื‘ื˜ืจื ืชืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
05:41
you have to get their permission to welcome you in.
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืจืฉื•ืชื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื.
ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื›ืš?
05:44
And the main tool to achieve that?
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05:46
Curiosity.
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ืกืงืจื ื•ืช.
05:47
Stir your audience's curiosity.
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ืขื•ืจืจื• ืืช ืกืงืจื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ.
05:49
Use intriguing, provocative questions
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื” ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ืจ.
05:52
to identify why something doesn't make sense and needs explaining.
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05:56
If you can reveal a disconnection in someone's worldview,
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ืื ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืคืขืจ ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœืžื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•,
06:00
they'll feel the need to bridge that knowledge gap.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื’ืฉืจ ืขืœ ืคืขืจ ื–ื”.
ื•ืžืขืช ืฉื”ืฆืชืชื ืฆื•ืจืš ื–ื”,
06:04
And once you've sparked that desire,
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06:06
it will be so much easier to start building your idea.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืงืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื.
3. ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื ื“ื‘ืš ืื—ืจ ื ื“ื‘ืš,
06:10
Three, build your idea, piece by piece,
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06:13
out of concepts that your audience already understands.
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ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืชืคื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ.
06:17
You use the power of language
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคื”
06:18
to weave together concepts that already exist
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ืœืฉื–ื•ืจ ื™ื—ื“ ืชืคื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช
06:21
in your listeners' minds --
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ื‘ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื›ื --
06:23
but not your language, their language.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืฉืคืชื›ื ืืœื ื‘ืฉืคืชื.
06:25
You start where they are.
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืœื”ื.
06:27
The speakers often forget that many of the terms and concepts they live with
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ืžืจืฆื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ื”ื
06:30
are completely unfamiliar to their audiences.
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ื–ืจื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืงื”ืœ ืฉืœื”ื.
06:33
Now, metaphors can play a crucial role in showing how the pieces fit together,
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ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ื”ืžื—ืฉืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืžืฉืชืœื‘ ื™ื—ื“,
06:38
because they reveal the desired shape of the pattern,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ืžืจืื™ื ืืช ืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืคื•ืก
06:42
based on an idea that the listener already understands.
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ื‘ื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ.
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื›ืฉื’'ื ื™ืคืจ ืงืืŸ
06:46
For example, when Jennifer Kahn
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ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื”ืงืจื•ื™ื” "ืงืจื™ืกืคืจ",
06:48
wanted to explain the incredible new biotechnology called CRISPR,
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06:51
she said, "It's as if, for the first time,
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”: "ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”
"ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืขื‘ื“ ืชืžืœื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื "ื.
06:54
you had a word processor to edit DNA.
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06:57
CRISPR allows you to cut and paste genetic information really easily."
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"ืงืจื™ืกืคืจ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื•ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืžื™ื“ืข ื’ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื”."
07:02
Now, a vivid explanation like that delivers a satisfying aha moment
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ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืจื’ืข ืžืกืคืง ืฉืœ "ืื”ื”"
07:06
as it snaps into place in our minds.
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืงืœื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืžื•ื—ื ื•.
07:08
It's important, therefore, to test your talk on trusted friends,
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ืจืฆืืชื›ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืžื ื™ื,
07:12
and find out which parts they get confused by.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืชืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืœื‘ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื.
07:15
Four, here's the final tip:
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4, ื•ื”ืขืฆื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”:
07:17
Make your idea worth sharing.
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ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ.
07:21
By that I mean, ask yourself the question:
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ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ื”ื™ื, ืฉืชืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื:
07:23
"Who does this idea benefit?"
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"ืœืžื™ ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”?"
07:26
And I need you to be honest with the answer.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืขื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช.
07:29
If the idea only serves you or your organization,
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ืื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจืช ืจืง ืืชื›ื ืื• ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื,
07:32
then, I'm sorry to say, it's probably not worth sharing.
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ืขืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉืœืฆืขืจื™, ื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ.
07:35
The audience will see right through you.
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ื”ืงื”ืœ ื™ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
07:37
But if you believe that the idea has the potential
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื•
07:40
to brighten up someone else's day
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ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ
07:42
or change someone else's perspective for the better
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ืื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคืชื• ืฉืœ ื–ื•ืœืชื›ื,
07:45
or inspire someone to do something differently,
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ืื• ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจืช,
07:48
then you have the core ingredient to a truly great talk,
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ื›ื™ ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฆืื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืืžืช,
07:51
one that can be a gift to them and to all of us.
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ื›ื–ืืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžืชื ื” ืœื”ื ื•ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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