The art of misdirection | Apollo Robbins | TED

Translator: Peter Štrba Reviewer: Ľubomír Dugovič

Do you think it's possible to control someone's attention?

Myslíte, že je možné ovládať niekoho pozornosť?

Even more than that, what about predicting human behavior?

Navyše,

čo tak predpovedať správanie človeka?

Myslím, že sú to zaujímavé nápady.

I think those are interesting ideas.

For me, that would be the perfect superpower,

Teda pre mňa by to bola perfektná supermoc,

actually kind of an evil way of approaching it.

tak akosi s hriešnym prístupom.

But for myself, in the past, I've spent the last 20 years

Strávil som posledných 20 rokov

studying human behavior from a rather unorthodox way:

štúdiom správania človeka z netradičného uhla pohľadu:

picking pockets.

ako vreckový zlodej.

When we think of misdirection,

Keď rozmýšľame o zavádzaní,

we think of something as looking off to the side,

rozmýšľame o niečom ako pozeranie sa do strany,

when actually the things right in front of us

keď v skutočnosti sú to často veci priamo pred nami,

are often the hardest to see,

ktoré je najťažšie uvidieť,

the things that you look at every day that you're blinded to.

veci, na ktoré sa každý deň pozeráte a ste voči nim slepí.

For example, how many of you still have your cell phones on you right now?

Napríklad, koľkí z vás máte

pri sebe mobil?

Great. Double-check.

Skvelé. Skontrolujte to.

Make sure you still have them.

Skontrolujte, že ho stále máte.

I was doing some shopping before.

Trošku som popredu nakupoval.

(Laughter)

You've looked at them a few times today,

Dnes ste sa naň asi pozreli už niekoľkokrát,

ale spýtam sa vás čosi o ňom.

but I'll ask you a question.

Without looking at it directly yet,

Bez toho, že by ste sa naň priamo pozreli,

can you remember the icon in the bottom right corner?

spomeniete si, ktorá ikona je v pravom dolnom rohu?

Bring them out, check and see how accurate you were.

Vyberte ich, skontrolujte a uvidíte, nakoľko presní ste.

Ako ste dopadli? Zdvihnite ruky. Máme to?

How'd you do?

Show of hands. Did we get it?

Keď ste sa pozreli, zavrite ich,

Now that you're done, close them down.

Every phone has something in common.

lebo mobily majú čosi spoločné.

No matter how you organize the icons,

Je jedno, ako si usporiadate ikony,

you still have a clock on the front.

vždy máte vpredu hodiny.

So, without looking at your phone, what time was it?

Takže bez pozerania, koľko je hodín?

You just looked at your clock, right?

Práve ste sa pozreli na hodiny, že?

Interesting idea.

Je to zaujímavá myšlienka. Teraz vás požiadam, aby ste šli ešte ďalej v hre na dôveru.

Let's take that a step further with a game of trust.

Zavrite oči.

Close your eyes.

I realize I'm asking you to do that while you just heard

Uvedomujem si, že to chcem, hoci ste práve počuli,

there's a pickpocket in the room, but close your eyes.

že v miestnosti je vreckový zlodej, ale zavrite oči.

Now, you've been watching me for about 30 seconds.

Sledovali ste ma asi 30 sekúnd.

So zavretými očami, čo mám oblečené?

With your eyes closed, what am I wearing?

Make your best guess.

Skúste hádať.

What color is my shirt? What color is my tie?

Akej farby je moja košeľa? Čo moja kravata?

Now open your eyes.

Teraz otvorte oči.

Show of hands, were you right?

Zdvihnite ruky, ak ste sa nemýlili.

Interesting, isn't it?

Zaujímavé, že? Niektorí z nás sú trochu

Some of us are a little bit more perceptive than others, it seems.

vnímavejší ako iní. Tak sa zdá.

Ale ja mám o tom inú teóriu, o tom modeli pozornosti.

But I have a different theory about that model of attention.

Existujú efektné modely pozornosti, Posnerova teória.

They have fancy models of attention, Posner's trinity model of attention.

For me, I like to think of it very simple, like a surveillance system.

Ja o tom rozmýšľam jednoducho, ako o sledovacom systéme.

It's kind of like you have all these fancy sensors,

Akoby ste mali všetky tie efektné senzory

and inside your brain is a little security guard.

a v mozgu je malý bezpečnostný strážnik.

For me, I like to call him Frank.

Ja ho nazývam Frank.

So Frank is sitting at a desk.

Frank sedí za stolom.

He's got lots of cool information in front of him,

Má pred sebou množstvo úžasných informácií,

high-tech equipment, he's got cameras,

špeciálne vybavenie, má kamery,

he's got a little phone that he can pick up, listen to the ears,

má malý telefón, ktorý môže zdvihnúť, počúvať uši,

all these senses, all these perceptions.

všetky zmysly, všetky vnemy.

But attention is what steers your perceptions,

Ale pozornosť je tým, čo otáča vašimi vnemami,

it's what controls your reality.

čo ovláda vašu realitu. Je to vstupná brána do mysle.

It's the gateway to the mind.

If you don't attend to something, you can't be aware of it.

Ak sa niečomu nevenujete, nemôžete si to uvedomovať.

But ironically, you can attend to something without being aware of it.

Ale ironicky, nemôžete sa venovať niečomu bez toho, že by ste si to uvedomovali.

For example, the cocktail effect:

Preto existuje efekt koktejlu:

You're in a party, having conversations with someone,

keď ste na párty, s niekým sa rozprávate,

no aj tak rozpoznáte svoje meno

and yet you can recognize your name

without realizing you were listening to that.

a ani ste si neuvedomili, že ste ho počúvali.

Now, for my job, I have to play with techniques to exploit this,

Pri mojej práci sa musím hrať s týmito technikami, aby som to využil,

hrať sa s vašou pozornosťou ako s limitovaným zdrojom.

to play with your attention as a limited resource.

So if I could control how you spend your attention,

Takže ak by som mohol ovládať to, akým spôsobom používate pozornosť,

if I could maybe steal your attention through a distraction.

ak by som mohol možno ukradnúť vašu pozornosť cez rozptýlenie,

Now, instead of doing it like misdirection

namiesto toho, že ju budem zavádzať

and throwing it off to the side,

a vyhadzovať z konceptu,

instead, what I choose to focus on is Frank,

sústredím sa na Franka,

to be able to play with the Frank inside your head,

aby som bol schopný hrať sa s Frankom vo vašej hlave,

your security guard,

s vaším malým strážnikom

and get you, instead of focusing on your external senses,

a donútiť vás, aby ste sa namiesto vonkajších zmyslov

just to go internal for a second.

sústredili na chvíľu na vnútorné.

So if I ask you to access a memory, like, what is that?

Takže ak vás požiadam, aby ste nazreli do pamäte, čo je to?

What just happened? Do you have a wallet?

Čo sa práve stalo? Máte peňaženku?

Do you have an American Express in your wallet?

Máte v peňaženke kartu American Express?

And when I do that, your Frank turns around.

A keď to urobím, váš Frank sa otočí.

He accesses the file. He has to rewind the tape.

Nazerá do pamäte. Musí pretočiť pásku.

What's interesting is, he can't rewind the tape

A zaujímavé je, že ju nemôže pretočiť

at the same time that he's trying to process new data.

v čase, kedy sa snaží spracovať nové dáta.

This sounds like a good theory,

Toto znie ako dobrá teória,

but I could talk for a long time, tell you lots of things,

ale mohol by som dlho rozprávať o mnohých veciach

and a portion of them may be true,

a môžu byť pravdivé, časť z nich,

but I think it's better if I tried to show that to you here live.

ale myslím, že je lepšie, ak by som skúsil ukázať vám to tu naživo.

Takže ak zídem dole, trochu ponakupujem.

If I come down, I'm going to do a bit of shopping.

Just hold still where you are.

Len zostaňte na svojich miestach.

Hello, how are you? It's lovely to see you.

Zdravím, ako sa máte? Rád vás vidím.

Wonderful job onstage.

Na pódiu vám to šlo úžasne.

Lovely watch, it doesn't come off very well.

Máte krásne hodinky, ktoré nejdú dole jednoducho.

Do you have a ring as well?

Máte aj prsteň?

Good. Just taking inventory. You're like a buffet.

Dobre. Len si prehliadam inventár. Ste ako bufet.

Je ťažké povedať, kde začať, je tu toľko skvelých vecí.

Hard to tell where to start, so many great things.

Hi, how are you? Good to see you.

Zdravím, ako sa máte? Rád vás vidím.

Hi, sir, could you stand up, please? Just right where you are.

Pane, mohli by ste sa postaviť, prosím? Tam, kde ste.

You're married, you follow directions well.

Och, ste ženatý. Ľahko plníte príkazy.

Nice to meet you, sir.

Rád vás spoznávam, pane.

You don't have a lot in your pockets. Anything down here?

Nemáte toho veľa vo vreckách. Čosi v tomto vrecku?

Hopefully so. Have a seat. There you go. You're doing well.

Dúfajme. Posaďte sa. To je ono. Ide vám to.

Zdravím, pane, ako sa máte?

Hi, sir, how are you?

Good to see you, sir. You have a ring, a watch.

Rád vás spoznávam. Máte prsteň, hodinky.

Do you have a wallet on you? Joe: I don't.

- Máte peňaženku? - Nie.

AR: Well, we'll find one for you. Come on up this way, Joe.

Nuž, nejakú vám nájdeme.

Poďte tadeto hore, Joe.

Give Joe a round of applause. Come on up, Joe. Let's play a game.

Zatlieskajte Joeovi.

Poďte hore, Joe. Zahrajme sa.

(Applause)

(potlesk)

AR: Pardon me.

Prepáčte.

I don't think I need this clicker anymore.

Nemyslím, že budem potrebovať túto prepínačku. Môžete si ju vziať.

Thank you very much. I appreciate that.

Ďakujem. Cením si to.

Come on up to the stage, Joe. Let's play a little game now.

Poďte hore, Joe. Zahrajme si malú hru.

- Máte niečo vo vreckách? - Peniaze.

Anything in your front pockets?

J: Money.

AR: Money! All right, let's try that.

Peniaze. Dobre, skúsme to.

Can you stand right over this way for me?

Môžete si zastať presne tu?

Turn around and, let's see,

Otočte sa a pozrime sa,

if I give you something that belongs to me,

ak vám dám čosi, čo patrí mne,

this is just something I have,

je to len čosi, čo mám, pokrový žetón.

a poker chip.

Hold out your hand for me.

Vystrite ruku. Pozorne ju sledujte.

Watch it closely.

Je to úloha na sústredenie sa.

This is a task for you to focus on.

You have your money in your front pocket?

- Máte peniaze vo vašom vrecku? - Hej.

J: Yup. AR: Good.

I won't put my hand in your pocket. I'm not ready for that kind of commitment.

Dobre. Nejdem vložiť moju ruku do vášho vrecka.

Nie som pripravený na čosi také.

Once a guy had a hole in his pocket,

Raz mal jeden človek vo vrecku dieru

a bolo to pre mňa traumatizujúce.

and that was rather traumatizing for me.

Hľadal som jeho peňaženku a on mi dal telefóne číslo.

I wanted his wallet, he gave me his number.

Veľmi zle sme sa pochopili.

Big miscommunication.

Spravme to jednoducho. Zavrite dlaň.

(Laughter)

Let's do this simply. Squeeze your hand tight.

Do you feel the poker chip in your hand?

- Pevne. Cítite žetón v ruke? - Áno.

J: I do.

AR: Would you be surprised if I took it? Say yes.

Boli by ste prekvapení, ak by som vám ho mohol vziať z ruky? Povedzte áno.

- Veľmi. - Dobre.

J: Very. AR: Good.

Otvorte ruku. Ďakujem.

Open your hand. Thank you very much.

I'll cheat if you give me a chance.

Budem podvádzať, ak mi dáte šancu.

Make it harder for me. Just use your hand.

Urobte mi to ťažším. Použite iba vašu ruku.

Grab my wrist, but squeeze, squeeze firm.

Schmatnite mi zápästie, pevne.

Did you see it go? Joe: No.

Videli ste to odísť?

- Nie. - Nie, nie je tu. Otvorte ruku.

AR: No, it's not here. Open your hand.

While we're focused on the hand, it's sitting on your shoulder.

Kým sa sústreďujeme na ruku,

sedí si práve na vašom pleci.

Zložte ho.

Go ahead and take it off.

Now, let's try that again.

Skúsme to znova.

Hold your hand out flat. Open it up.

Držte ruku rovno. Otvorte ju naplno.

Put your hand up a little bit higher, but watch it close.

Dajte ju trochu vyššie, ale sledujte ju pozorne.

If I did it slowly, it'd be on your shoulder.

Ak by som to urobil pomaly, bol by späť na vašom pleci.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

Joe, we're going to keep doing this till you catch it.

Budeme v tom pokračovať, kým ho nepochopíte.

Pochopíte to, čoskoro. Verím vám.

You'll get it eventually. I have faith in you.

Pevne zovrite. Ste človek, nie ste pomalý.

Squeeze firm. You're human, you're not slow.

It's back on your shoulder.

Je späť na vašom pleci.

You were focused on your hand, distracted.

Sústreďovali ste sa na ruku. Preto ste boli nepozorný.

While you were watching, I couldn't get your watch off.

Kým ste ju sledovali, nemohol som vám dať dole hodinky. Bolo to ťažké.

Yet you had something inside your pocket.

Ale aj tak ste mali čosi vo vrecku.

Do you remember what it was?

Pamätáte, čo to bolo?

J: Money.

Peniaze.

AR: Check your pocket. Is it still there?

Skontrolujte vrecko. Či sú ešte tam. Sú? (smiech)

(Laughter)

Oh, there it was. Put it away.

Och, tak tam boli. Dajte ich preč.

We're just shopping.

Len nakupujeme. Tento trik je v skutočnosti viac o načasovaní.

This trick's more about the timing.

I'm going to try to push it inside your hand.

Skúsim ich vtlačiť do vašej ruky.

Otočte druhú ruku, prosím.

Put your other hand on top, would you?

It's amazingly obvious now, isn't it?

Je to úžasne zjavné, že?

Looks a lot like the watch I was wearing, doesn't it?

Vyzerá to ako hodinky, čo som nosil, že?

(smiech) (potlesk)

(Laughter) (Applause)

J: That's pretty good. AR: Oh, thanks.

- To je celkom dobré. - Och, ďakujem.

(Applause)

But it's only a start. Let's try it a little bit differently.

To je iba začatok. Skúsme to znova, trochu inak.

Hold your hands together. Your other hand on top.

Držte ruky spolu. Dajte druhú ruku na vrch.

If you're watching this little token,

Ak sledujete tento malý žetón,

this obviously has become a little target, like a red herring.

stalo sa to malým cieľom. Je to ako odpútavač.

If we watch this kind of close, it looks like it goes away.

Ak to sledujeme zblízka, zdá sa, že odchádza.

Nie je späť na vašom pleci.

It's not back on your shoulder.

It falls out of the air, lands right back in the hand.

Padá zo vzduchu, pristáva späť do vašej ruky.

Did you see it go?

Videli ste ju?

Yeah, funny. We've got a little guy. He's union, works up there all day.

Áno, je to smiešne. Máme malého chlapíka. Je z odborov. Pracuje tam hore celý deň.

If I do it slowly it goes straight away, it lands by your pocket.

Ak to spravím pomaly, ak to pôjde hneď,

pristane vo vašom vrecku. Nazdávam sa, že je v tomto vrecku, pane?

Is it in this pocket, sir?

Don't reach in your pocket. That's a different show.

Nie, nesiahajte do vrecka. To je iná šou.

(Squeaking)

Takže -- (vŕzgajúci zvuk) -- to je dosť čudné. Sú na to prípravky.

That's rather strange. They have shots for that.

Môžem im ukázať, čo to je? To je dosť bizardné. Je to vaše, pane?

Can I show them? Rather bizarre. Is this yours, sir?

I have no idea how that works. We'll send that over there.

Nemám tušenia, ako to funguje. Pošleme ju jednoducho tam.

To je skvelé. Potrebujem s týmto pomôcť.

I need help with this one.

Stúpnite si sem, prosím.

Step over this way for me.

Don't run away. You had something down by your pants pocket.

Neutekajte. Máte niečo vo vrecku nohavíc.

I was checking mine. I couldn't find everything,

Kontroloval som svoje. Nič som nemohol nájsť,

but I noticed you had something here.

ale všimol som si, že vy ste niečo mali.

Môžem si ohmatať vaše vrecko zvonka?

Can I feel the outside for a moment?

Down here I noticed this. Is this something of yours, sir?

Niečo tu cítim. Je toto vaše, pane?

Je? Netuším. To je kreveta.

I have no idea. That's a shrimp.

J: Yeah. I'm saving it for later.

Hej. Odkladám si ju na neskôr.

AR: You've entertained all of these people in a wonderful way,

Skvelým spôsobom ste zabavili všetkých týchto ľudí,

better than you know.

lepšie, ako si myslíte.

So we'd love to give you this lovely watch as a gift.

Takže by sme vám radi dali tieto krásne hodinky ako darček. (smiech)

(Laughter)

Hopefully it matches his taste.

Dúfam, že budú pasovať k jeho vkusu.

We have a couple of other things,

Ale tiež máme ďalšie veci,

a little bit of cash.

nejaké peniaze, a potom máme pár ďalších vecí.

And we have a few other things,

these all belong to you,

Všetky patria vám,

spolu s veľkým potleskom od priateľov. (potlesk)

along with a big round of applause from all your friends.

(Applause)

Joe, ďakujem veľmi pekne.

Joe, thank you very much.

(potlesk)

(Applause)

(Applause ends)

So, same question I asked you before,

Takže rovnaká otázka, ako som sa pýtal predtým,

but this time you don't have to close your eyes.

ale tentoraz si nemusíte zatvárať oči.

What am I wearing?

Čo mám na sebe?

Audience: Oh!

(smiech)

(Laughter)

(Hesitant applause)

(potlesk)

(Applause ends)

Attention is a powerful thing.

Pozornosť je mocná vec.

Like I said, it shapes your reality.

Ako som povedal, tvaruje vašu skutočnosť.

So, I guess I'd like to pose that question to you.

Takže myslím, že vám môžem položiť tú otázku:

If you could control somebody's attention,

Ak by ste mohli ovládať niekoho pozornosť,

what would you do with it?

čo by ste s tým urobili?

Thank you.

Ďakujem.

(Applause)

(potlesk)