The art of misdirection | Apollo Robbins | TED

譯者: Coco Shen 審譯者: Marssi Draw

Do you think it's possible to control someone's attention?

你覺得我們有可能控制一個人的注意力嗎？

Even more than that, what about predicting human behavior?

甚至

預測他人的行為舉止？

我想這些想法都很有趣

I think those are interesting ideas.

For me, that would be the perfect superpower,

對我來說，那會是完美的超能力

actually kind of an evil way of approaching it.

甚至有點邪惡

But for myself, in the past, I've spent the last 20 years

對我來說，我花了過去二十年的時間

studying human behavior from a rather unorthodox way:

用一種非傳統的方式學習人類行為模式：

picking pockets.

做扒手

When we think of misdirection,

當我們想到誤導

we think of something as looking off to the side,

我們會以為是看錯了地方

when actually the things right in front of us

事實上在我們眼前的東西

are often the hardest to see,

才是我們最容易忽略的

the things that you look at every day that you're blinded to.

我們每天對許多眼前的東西視而不見

For example, how many of you still have your cell phones on you right now?

舉例來說，你們之中有多少人

還拿著手機？

Great. Double-check.

很好，檢查一下

Make sure you still have them.

確認它們還在你身上

I was doing some shopping before.

我上台前逛了一下

(Laughter)

You've looked at them a few times today,

你們今天可能已經看了它們數次

但我要問你們一些有關它們問題

but I'll ask you a question.

Without looking at it directly yet,

請先不要看你的手機

can you remember the icon in the bottom right corner?

你記得右下角的圖案是什麼嗎？

Bring them out, check and see how accurate you were.

現在，拿出來看看你是否是對的

如何？舉起手來 你猜對了嗎？

How'd you do?

Show of hands. Did we get it?

你查看完了以後，把它關上

Now that you're done, close them down.

Every phone has something in common.

因為每個手機都有一個共通點

No matter how you organize the icons,

無論你如何排放這些圖示

you still have a clock on the front.

前面總是有個時鐘

So, without looking at your phone, what time was it?

現在，不看手機，你知道幾點了嗎？

You just looked at your clock, right?

你不是剛剛才看過時間嗎？

Interesting idea.

這很有趣。現在，我要更進一步 和你們玩一個信任的遊戲

Let's take that a step further with a game of trust.

閉上雙眼

Close your eyes.

I realize I'm asking you to do that while you just heard

我知道當有一個扒手在這裡

there's a pickpocket in the room, but close your eyes.

又要你閉上眼睛是有點過份，但請你和我這樣做

Now, you've been watching me for about 30 seconds.

現在，看了我三十秒以後

閉上雙眼，你能描述我的打扮嗎？

With your eyes closed, what am I wearing?

Make your best guess.

好好猜

What color is my shirt? What color is my tie?

我的襯衫和領帶是什麼顏色？

Now open your eyes.

現在打開雙眼

Show of hands, were you right?

你猜對了嗎？猜對的舉手

Interesting, isn't it?

很有趣不是嗎？如此看來

Some of us are a little bit more perceptive than others, it seems.

我們之間的某些人比其他人更有觀察力

但對此我有另一種解釋 這關於每個人注意力的模式

But I have a different theory about that model of attention.

有三種注意力模式 波斯納 (Michael Posner) 提出的三種模式

They have fancy models of attention, Posner's trinity model of attention.

For me, I like to think of it very simple, like a surveillance system.

對我來說，這就像三種監視系統

It's kind of like you have all these fancy sensors,

就像你有許多不同的感知系統

and inside your brain is a little security guard.

在你的腦裡有個安全警衛

For me, I like to call him Frank.

我都叫他法蘭克

So Frank is sitting at a desk.

法蘭克坐在一張辦公桌前

He's got lots of cool information in front of him,

他面前有許多很酷的信息

high-tech equipment, he's got cameras,

他有尖端技術，他有監視器

he's got a little phone that he can pick up, listen to the ears,

有個可以接起來的小電話

all these senses, all these perceptions.

收聽這所有的感知，所有的感覺

But attention is what steers your perceptions,

但注意力會影響你的感受

it's what controls your reality.

注意力控制你感受到的真實 是通往心靈的閘門

It's the gateway to the mind.

If you don't attend to something, you can't be aware of it.

如果你不注意，你便不會發現

But ironically, you can attend to something without being aware of it.

諷刺的是，你可以毫無知覺的做一件事

For example, the cocktail effect:

這就叫雞尾酒效應：

You're in a party, having conversations with someone,

你在派對中和某人說話

但你突然聽見有人在附近提到你

and yet you can recognize your name

without realizing you were listening to that.

之前你甚至不知道你在偷聽

Now, for my job, I have to play with techniques to exploit this,

我的工作，便是用我微薄的資源

用不同技巧來誤導你的注意力

to play with your attention as a limited resource.

So if I could control how you spend your attention,

如果我可以控制你的注意力

if I could maybe steal your attention through a distraction.

我就可以讓你分散和轉移注意力

Now, instead of doing it like misdirection

現在，與其誤導你

and throwing it off to the side,

讓你完全分心

instead, what I choose to focus on is Frank,

我選擇從法蘭克下手

to be able to play with the Frank inside your head,

與你腦中的法蘭克，你的警衛

your security guard,

玩一些小遊戲

and get you, instead of focusing on your external senses,

讓你正在處理外部感知的注意力

just to go internal for a second.

處理一下裡面的事

So if I ask you to access a memory, like, what is that?

假設我要你回憶一件事，就像，那是什麼？

What just happened? Do you have a wallet?

剛才發生什麼事？你有皮夾嗎？

Do you have an American Express in your wallet?

皮夾裡有美國運通卡嗎？

And when I do that, your Frank turns around.

當我這麼做的時候，法蘭克轉過身去

He accesses the file. He has to rewind the tape.

他去找檔案，他必須倒帶

What's interesting is, he can't rewind the tape

有趣的是，他不能一邊倒帶

at the same time that he's trying to process new data.

一邊處理新的訊息

This sounds like a good theory,

這聽起來是個不錯的理論

but I could talk for a long time, tell you lots of things,

我可以就此和你長談

and a portion of them may be true,

它們有一部分是真實的

but I think it's better if I tried to show that to you here live.

但我想當場讓你親眼目睹更好

現在我要走下來，隨便看看

If I come down, I'm going to do a bit of shopping.

Just hold still where you are.

你們都別動

Hello, how are you? It's lovely to see you.

你好嗎？很高興見到你

Wonderful job onstage.

你剛才在台上的表現很不錯

Lovely watch, it doesn't come off very well.

你有只很難拿下來的漂亮手錶

Do you have a ring as well?

你的戒指呢？

Good. Just taking inventory. You're like a buffet.

很好，清點一下 你就像吃到飽的沙拉吧一樣

這麼多好吃的東西，我都不知從何開始了

Hard to tell where to start, so many great things.

Hi, how are you? Good to see you.

你好嗎？很高興見到你

Hi, sir, could you stand up, please? Just right where you are.

先生，你可以起立嗎？ 站在那裡就可以了

You're married, you follow directions well.

你很會服從指示，這是在婚姻裡學到的吧

Nice to meet you, sir.

很高興認識你，先生

You don't have a lot in your pockets. Anything down here?

你的口袋裡沒什麼東西，那邊的呢？

Hopefully so. Have a seat. There you go. You're doing well.

但願如此 請坐下，你的表現很好

先生，你好嗎？

Hi, sir, how are you?

Good to see you, sir. You have a ring, a watch.

很高興見到你，先生 你有一隻手錶，一個戒指

Do you have a wallet on you? Joe: I don't.

你身上帶著皮夾嗎？ 喬：我沒有

AR: Well, we'll find one for you. Come on up this way, Joe.

阿波羅．羅賓斯：好的，我們會幫你找一個

上來吧，喬

Give Joe a round of applause. Come on up, Joe. Let's play a game.

讓我們給喬一點掌聲

上來吧，喬 讓我們玩個遊戲

(Applause)

（掌聲）

AR: Pardon me.

不好意思

I don't think I need this clicker anymore.

我想我不需要換幻燈片了，拿去吧

Thank you very much. I appreciate that.

非常謝謝你，我很感謝

Come on up to the stage, Joe. Let's play a little game now.

上台來吧，喬，讓我們玩一個小遊戲

你的口袋裡有東西嗎？ 喬：現金

Anything in your front pockets?

J: Money.

AR: Money! All right, let's try that.

阿波羅：很好，我們可以用現金試試

Can you stand right over this way for me?

你可以站過來這裡嗎？

Turn around and, let's see,

轉過來，讓我看看

if I give you something that belongs to me,

如果我給你一些東西

this is just something I have,

我手上的這個，撲克牌籌碼

a poker chip.

Hold out your hand for me.

把手伸出來，仔細看它

Watch it closely.

專注於這個任務

This is a task for you to focus on.

You have your money in your front pocket?

你的現金在你前面的這個口袋嗎？ 喬：是

J: Yup. AR: Good.

I won't put my hand in your pocket. I'm not ready for that kind of commitment.

阿波羅：很好，我還不打算 把手伸進你的口袋

我還沒做好這個心理準備

Once a guy had a hole in his pocket,

有次我遇見一個口袋有洞的男人

把我嚇壞了

and that was rather traumatizing for me.

我在找他的皮夾，他把手機號碼給我

I wanted his wallet, he gave me his number.

整件事就是個大誤會

Big miscommunication.

好的，很簡單，緊握你的手

(Laughter)

Let's do this simply. Squeeze your hand tight.

Do you feel the poker chip in your hand?

握緊。你可以感覺到手裡的籌碼嗎？ 喬：可以

J: I do.

AR: Would you be surprised if I took it? Say yes.

阿波羅：如果我把它從你手裡拿走 你會嚇到嗎？說會

喬：非常 阿波羅：很好

J: Very. AR: Good.

把手張開，非常感謝你

Open your hand. Thank you very much.

I'll cheat if you give me a chance.

如果你給我機會的話，我會作弊

Make it harder for me. Just use your hand.

別讓我太容易得逞

Grab my wrist, but squeeze, squeeze firm.

用手抓住我的手腕，用力握緊

Did you see it go? Joe: No.

你看到它消失了嗎？

喬：沒有 阿波羅：沒有，它不在這裡，張開手

AR: No, it's not here. Open your hand.

While we're focused on the hand, it's sitting on your shoulder.

你看，當我們注意手的時候

它其實在你的肩膀上

把它拿下來吧

Go ahead and take it off.

Now, let's try that again.

現在，再試一次

Hold your hand out flat. Open it up.

把你的手張開，整隻放直

Put your hand up a little bit higher, but watch it close.

把你的手抬高一點，但專心看著，喬

If I did it slowly, it'd be on your shoulder.

如果我慢慢來，它又回到你的肩膀了

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Joe, we're going to keep doing this till you catch it.

喬，我們要一直反覆做 直到你能捉到它為止

你終究可以的，我對你有信心

You'll get it eventually. I have faith in you.

握緊，你是人類，你學得很快

Squeeze firm. You're human, you're not slow.

It's back on your shoulder.

又回到你的肩膀了

You were focused on your hand, distracted.

你走神是因為你把注意力放在手上

While you were watching, I couldn't get your watch off.

當你看著它的時候，很難把你的手錶脫下來

Yet you had something inside your pocket.

但你前面口袋不是有某些東西嗎？

Do you remember what it was?

你還記得是什麼嗎？

J: Money.

喬：現金

AR: Check your pocket. Is it still there?

阿波羅：檢查一下，還在嗎？（笑聲）

(Laughter)

Oh, there it was. Put it away.

原來它在那啊，把它拿走吧

We're just shopping.

我們只是逛逛 祕訣是抓住對的時間

This trick's more about the timing.

I'm going to try to push it inside your hand.

我要試著把它塞進你的手

你可以把另一手放在我的手上，好嗎？

Put your other hand on top, would you?

It's amazingly obvious now, isn't it?

一切都這樣顯而易見，不是嗎？

Looks a lot like the watch I was wearing, doesn't it?

它看起來就像是我手上戴的這隻，不是嗎？

（笑聲）（掌聲）

(Laughter) (Applause)

J: That's pretty good. AR: Oh, thanks.

喬：很厲害，很厲害 阿波羅：哦，謝謝

(Applause)

But it's only a start. Let's try it a little bit differently.

但我們才剛開始 再試一次，這次有點不同

Hold your hands together. Your other hand on top.

把手放在一起，一手在另一手上

If you're watching this little token,

現在看著這個籌碼

this obviously has become a little target, like a red herring.

它已經變成我們的目標了，像個箭靶

If we watch this kind of close, it looks like it goes away.

如果我們近看它，看上去就像它走了

但不是回到你肩膀上

It's not back on your shoulder.

It falls out of the air, lands right back in the hand.

它從天而降，降落到你手心

Did you see it go?

你看到它去哪了嗎？

Yeah, funny. We've got a little guy. He's union, works up there all day.

有趣吧，我們請了一個傢伙，他整天都待在上面

If I do it slowly it goes straight away, it lands by your pocket.

如果我慢慢來，它就會直接到你的口袋裡

是在這個口袋嗎？先生

Is it in this pocket, sir?

Don't reach in your pocket. That's a different show.

哦不，不要把手伸進口袋，會變成另一種表演

(Squeaking)

（玩具擠壓聲）真奇怪 或許你該去打針

That's rather strange. They have shots for that.

我可以給他們看嗎？ 有點怪不是嗎，先生這是你的嗎？

Can I show them? Rather bizarre. Is this yours, sir?

I have no idea how that works. We'll send that over there.

我實在不知道是怎麼回事 還是把它拿起來吧

很好，現在我需要幫助

I need help with this one.

請你站到那邊好嗎？

Step over this way for me.

Don't run away. You had something down by your pants pocket.

別跑走啊，你的口袋裡有些東西

I was checking mine. I couldn't find everything,

我找過我的了，什麼也找不到

but I noticed you had something here.

但我注意到你有些什麼

我可以摸摸你的口袋外嗎？

Can I feel the outside for a moment?

Down here I noticed this. Is this something of yours, sir?

我注意到了這個，這是你的嗎，先生？

是嗎？我真想不到，是條蝦

I have no idea. That's a shrimp.

J: Yeah. I'm saving it for later.

喬：是啊，我本來打算晚點吃的

AR: You've entertained all of these people in a wonderful way,

阿波羅：你讓這些在座的觀眾都很開心

better than you know.

比你想像的還要開心

So we'd love to give you this lovely watch as a gift.

我們想送你一隻手錶作為禮物（笑聲）

(Laughter)

Hopefully it matches his taste.

希望它符合他的品味

We have a couple of other things,

還有些其它的東西

a little bit of cash.

一些現金，還有一些其它的東西

And we have a few other things,

these all belong to you,

這些都是你的

在座的朋友奉獻的這些掌聲也是（掌聲）

along with a big round of applause from all your friends.

(Applause)

真的很謝謝你，喬

Joe, thank you very much.

（掌聲）

(Applause)

(Applause ends)

So, same question I asked you before,

之前我所問你的同一個問題

but this time you don't have to close your eyes.

但這次你不用閉上眼

What am I wearing?

我穿著什麼？

Audience: Oh!

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

(Hesitant applause)

（掌聲）

(Applause ends)

Attention is a powerful thing.

注意力是很重要的

Like I said, it shapes your reality.

如我所說，它影響了你對真實世界的看法

So, I guess I'd like to pose that question to you.

於是，我想問在座各位的是

If you could control somebody's attention,

如果你能控制一個人的注意力

what would you do with it?

你會怎麼使用它？

Thank you.

謝謝各位

(Applause)

（掌聲）