The psychology of your future self | Dan Gilbert

800,312 views ใƒป 2014-06-03

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gichung Lee
00:12
At every stage of our lives
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์ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ
00:14
we make decisions that will profoundly influence
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ์ธ์ƒ์—
00:18
the lives of the people we're going to become,
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
and then when we become those people,
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๋ง‰์ƒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด
00:21
we're not always thrilled with the decisions we made.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์˜ˆ์ „์— ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
So young people pay good money
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์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์€
00:26
to get tattoos removed that teenagers
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ ธ๋˜ ๋ฌธ์‹ ์„
00:29
paid good money to get.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ์ง€์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Middle-aged people rushed to divorce people
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์ Š์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์„œ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ค‘๋…„๋“ค์€
00:33
who young adults rushed to marry.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„œ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์ดํ˜ผํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
00:35
Older adults work hard to lose
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๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘๋…„์— ํž˜๋“ค์—ฌ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–‡๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„
00:38
what middle-aged adults worked hard to gain.
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์—†์• ๋ ค๊ณ  ์• ๋ฅผ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
On and on and on.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ํˆฌ์„ฑ์ด์ฃ .
00:42
The question is, as a psychologist, that fascinates me is,
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ, ์ €๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
00:45
why do we make decisions
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์ด
00:47
that our future selves so often regret?
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์ž์ฃผ ํ›„ํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
Now, I think one of the reasons --
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” --
00:52
I'll try to convince you today โ€”
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”. --
00:54
is that we have a fundamental misconception
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
00:56
about the power of time.
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์ž˜๋ชป ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
Every one of you knows that the rate of change
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ํ•œ๋ถ„ ํ•œ๋ถ„์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์ด
01:01
slows over the human lifespan,
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์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ์— ์ ์  ๋Š๋ ค์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
that your children seem to change by the minute
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ถ„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:06
but your parents seem to change by the year.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” 1๋…„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
01:09
But what is the name of this magical point in life
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์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๋˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€
01:12
where change suddenly goes
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”
01:14
from a gallop to a crawl?
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๋งˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด ์‹œ์ ์„ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
01:16
Is it teenage years? Is it middle age?
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์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์ค‘๋…„์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:19
Is it old age? The answer, it turns out,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋…ธ๋…„์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด
01:22
for most people, is now,
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์ •๋‹ต์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
wherever now happens to be.
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์–ด๋–ป๋“ ์ง€ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด์—์š”.
01:27
What I want to convince you today
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
01:29
is that all of us are walking around with an illusion,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ƒ ์†์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
an illusion that history, our personal history,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ, ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š”
01:35
has just come to an end,
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์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ๋๋‚ฌ๊ณ ,
01:37
that we have just recently become
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜ ๋˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜
01:39
the people that we were always meant to be
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:42
and will be for the rest of our lives.
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๋‚จ์€ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ํ™˜์ƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
Let me give you some data to back up that claim.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ ค๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
So here's a study of change in people's
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”
01:49
personal values over time.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
Here's three values.
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์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
Everybody here holds all of them,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ง€๋งŒ
01:54
but you probably know that as you grow,
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ฆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
01:56
as you age, the balance of these values shifts.
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์ด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
So how does it do so?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
02:02
Well, we asked thousands of people.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
We asked half of them to predict for us
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ฐ˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์—
02:05
how much their values would change in the next 10 years,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋€” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์—์ธกํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
and the others to tell us
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
02:10
how much their values had changed in the last 10 years.
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:13
And this enabled us to do a really interesting kind of analysis,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์„์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
because it allowed us to compare the predictions
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š”
02:19
of people, say, 18 years old,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, 18์„ธ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
02:21
to the reports of people who were 28,
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28์‚ด์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
and to do that kind of analysis throughout the lifespan.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
Here's what we found.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
First of all, you are right,
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์šฐ์„  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
change does slow down as we age,
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๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ฆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋”๋ŽŒ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
but second, you're wrong,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
02:33
because it doesn't slow nearly as much as we think.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:36
At every age, from 18 to 68 in our data set,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์€, 18์„ธ์—์„œ 68์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€์—์„œ
02:40
people vastly underestimated how much change
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‹ค์Œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„
02:44
they would experience over the next 10 years.
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๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
We call this the "end of history" illusion.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ "์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ข…๋ง" ํ™˜์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
To give you an idea of the magnitude of this effect,
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์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด
02:52
you can connect these two lines,
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์ด ๋‘ ์„ ์„ ์ด์–ด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
and what you see here is that 18-year-olds
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ 18์„ธ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
02:56
anticipate changing only as much
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 50์„ธ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
02:58
as 50-year-olds actually do.
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๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„์ผ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
Now it's not just values. It's all sorts of other things.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์—์š”.
03:05
For example, personality.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
Many of you know that psychologists now claim
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด
03:09
that there are five fundamental dimensions of personality:
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์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์—๋Š” 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์ฐจ์›์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
03:13
neuroticism, openness to experience,
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์งˆ, ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ,
03:15
agreeableness, extraversion, and conscientiousness.
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๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐ, ์™ธํ–ฅ์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ฑ์‹คํ•จ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:19
Again, we asked people how much they expected
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋‹ค์Œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„
03:21
to change over the next 10 years,
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๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ• ์ง€,
03:23
and also how much they had changed over the last 10 years,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
and what we found,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:27
well, you're going to get used to seeing this diagram over and over,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
because once again the rate of change
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ
03:32
does slow as we age,
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๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋Š๋ ค์ง€์ง€๋งŒ
03:33
but at every age, people underestimate
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๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
03:37
how much their personalities will change
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๋‹ค์Œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋€”์ง€
03:39
in the next decade.
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๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
And it isn't just ephemeral things
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
03:44
like values and personality.
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๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
You can ask people about their likes and dislikes,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜
03:48
their basic preferences.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
For example, name your best friend,
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๊ฐ€๋ น ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๋ผ๋“ ๊ฐ€,
03:53
your favorite kind of vacation,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•˜๋˜ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ผ๋“ ๊ฐ€,
03:54
what's your favorite hobby,
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ทจ๋ฏธ,
03:56
what's your favorite kind of music.
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์•…์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
People can name these things.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€์š”.
03:59
We ask half of them to tell us,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ฐ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
"Do you think that that will change over the next 10 years?"
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"๋‹ค์Œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋€” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
04:05
and half of them to tell us,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
"Did that change over the last 10 years?"
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"์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
04:09
And what we find, well, you've seen it twice now,
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:11
and here it is again:
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๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
04:13
people predict that the friend they have now
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด
04:16
is the friend they'll have in 10 years,
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10๋…„ ํ›„์—๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
04:18
the vacation they most enjoy now is the one
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ํœด๊ฐ€๋Š”
04:20
they'll enjoy in 10 years,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์—๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ฆ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
and yet, people who are 10 years older all say,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 10์‚ด ์ •๋„ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘
04:24
"Eh, you know, that's really changed."
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"์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋€๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์•„์š”." ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
Does any of this matter?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:28
Is this just a form of mis-prediction that doesn't have consequences?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ผ ๋ฟ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:31
No, it matters quite a bit, and I'll give you an example of why.
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
It bedevils our decision-making in important ways.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
Bring to mind right now for yourself
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
04:39
your favorite musician today
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋–  ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:42
and your favorite musician 10 years ago.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  10๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋„์š”.
04:44
I put mine up on the screen to help you along.
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๋„์›€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 10๋…„ ์ „์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Now we asked people
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์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
04:48
to predict for us, to tell us
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์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
04:50
how much money they would pay right now
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
04:53
to see their current favorite musician
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10๋…„ ํ›„์— ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ,
04:55
perform in concert 10 years from now,
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
and on average, people said they would pay
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
05:00
129 dollars for that ticket.
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129 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
And yet, when we asked them how much they would pay
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 10๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
05:06
to see the person who was their favorite
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ
05:08
10 years ago perform today,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์œผ๋ฉด
05:10
they say only 80 dollars.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ 80๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
Now, in a perfectly rational world,
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ผ๋ฉด
05:14
these should be the same number,
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์ด ๋‘ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
but we overpay for the opportunity
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
05:18
to indulge our current preferences
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ํƒ๋‹‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
because we overestimate their stability.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง€์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
05:24
Why does this happen? We're not entirely sure,
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”? ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
but it probably has to do
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ
05:28
with the ease of remembering
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๊ธฐ์–ต์˜ ์šฉ์ดํ•จ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•œ
05:30
versus the difficulty of imagining.
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์ƒ์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
Most of us can remember who we were 10 years ago,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ 10๋…„ ์ „์˜ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:35
but we find it hard to imagine who we're going to be,
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10๋…„ ํ›„์— ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
and then we mistakenly think that because it's hard to imagine,
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์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
05:41
it's not likely to happen.
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์ž˜๋ชป ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
Sorry, when people say "I can't imagine that,"
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์•ˆ๋์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด "๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ,
05:46
they're usually talking about their own lack of imagination,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ ๋ถ€์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€
05:49
and not about the unlikelihood
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ 
05:50
of the event that they're describing.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
The bottom line is, time is a powerful force.
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํž˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
It transforms our preferences.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ 
05:59
It reshapes our values.
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๊ฐ€์น˜๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ
06:01
It alters our personalities.
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๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๋„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
We seem to appreciate this fact,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
but only in retrospect.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ๋Š˜ ํ•œ๋ฐœ ๋Šฆ์ฃ .
06:06
Only when we look backwards do we realize
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋งŒ
06:09
how much change happens in a decade.
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10๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
It's as if, for most of us,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด
06:14
the present is a magic time.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ํ˜„์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
It's a watershed on the timeline.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜๋ น์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
It's the moment at which we finally
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๊ณง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด
06:20
become ourselves.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
Human beings are works in progress
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์™„์„ฑํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ž˜๋ชป ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”,
06:25
that mistakenly think they're finished.
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
The person you are right now
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์€
06:30
is as transient, as fleeting and as temporary
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๋ฌผ์— ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋“ฏ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋ฉฐ
06:34
as all the people you've ever been.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
The one constant in our life is change.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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