Why are we happy? Why aren't we happy? | Dan Gilbert

2,114,994 views ใƒป 2007-01-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Miryoung Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Hahn Ryu
2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋…„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€
00:26
When you have 21 minutes to speak,
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21๋ถ„ ์งœ๋ฆฌ ๋ณธ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
two million years seems like a really long time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
00:31
But evolutionarily, two million years is nothing.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” 2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋…„ ๋งŒ์— 3๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„๋‚˜ ์ปค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
And yet, in two million years,
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00:36
the human brain has nearly tripled in mass,
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00:39
going from the one-and-a-quarter-pound brain of our ancestor here, Habilis,
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ํ˜ธ๋ชจํ•˜๋นŒ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” 1.25 ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” 3 ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
to the almost three-pound meatloaf everybody here has between their ears.
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๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:49
What is it about a big brain
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00:52
that nature was so eager for every one of us to have one?
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๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ 3๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
00:56
Well, it turns out when brains triple in size,
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00:58
they don't just get three times bigger; they gain new structures.
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ํฌ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
And one of the main reasons our brain got so big is because it got a new part,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์ „๋‘์—ฝ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์ „์ „๋‘์—ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
called the "frontal lobe,"
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01:08
particularly, a part called the "prefrontal cortex."
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์ง„ํ™” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์ผ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ
01:11
What does a prefrontal cortex do for you
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01:14
that should justify the entire architectural overhaul of the human skull
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๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ๋†“์€ ์ „์ „๋‘์—ฝ. ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ธธ๋ž˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:18
in the blink of evolutionary time?
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ ์ค‘
01:20
Well, it turns out the prefrontal cortex does lots of things,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์€
01:23
but one of the most important things it does is it's an experience simulator.
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๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์กฐ์ข…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ์˜ ๋น„ํ–‰ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
01:29
Pilots practice in flight simulators
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01:32
so that they don't make real mistakes in planes.
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์‹ค์ „์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Human beings have this marvelous adaptation
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์ธ์ฒด๋„ ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
01:37
that they can actually have experiences in their heads
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ์†์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š”
01:41
before they try them out in real life.
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์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:43
This is a trick that none of our ancestors could do,
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ํ˜„์ƒ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์ด์ „์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜
01:46
and that no other animal can do quite like we can.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋ฌผ๋„ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์ด์—์š”.
01:49
It's a marvelous adaptation.
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01:50
It's up there with opposable thumbs and standing upright and language
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์—„์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ง๋ฆฝ ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์–ธ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด
01:54
as one of the things that got our species out of the trees
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์ˆ˜๋ ต ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๋˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ
01:58
and into the shopping mall.
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์ผ๋“ฑ ๊ณต์‹  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ฃ .
02:00
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋Š˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
02:02
All of you have done this.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด
02:04
Ben and Jerry's doesn't have "liver and onion" ice cream,
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์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์—์„œ ์–‘ํŒŒ๋ง› ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ํŒ”์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฑด
02:07
and it's not because they whipped some up, tried it and went, "Yuck!"
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๋ง›๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ด๋ฏธ ํ˜•ํŽธ ์—†๋Š” ๋ง›์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ž–์•„์š”.
02:11
It's because, without leaving your armchair,
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์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
02:14
you can simulate that flavor and say "yuck" before you make it.
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'์›ฉ!'์ด๋ž€ ๋ง์ด ์ž…์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:20
Let's see how your experience simulators are working.
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02:23
Let's just run a quick diagnostic
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์šฐ์„  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ณด์ฃ .
02:25
before I proceed with the rest of the talk.
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02:27
Here's two different futures that I invite you to contemplate.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ณ 
02:31
You can try to simulate them and tell me which one you think you might prefer.
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์–ด๋Š ํŽธ์ด ๋” ์ข‹์€์ง€ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
02:35
One of them is winning the lottery. This is about 314 million dollars.
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1๋ฒˆ์€ 4์ฒœ์–ต์› ์งœ๋ฆฌ ๋ณต๊ถŒ์— ๋‹น์ฒจ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
02:40
And the other is becoming paraplegic.
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2๋ฒˆ์€ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜์‹  ๋งˆ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
(Laughter)
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๊ณจ๋ผ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:44
Just give it a moment of thought.
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02:46
You probably don't feel like you need a moment of thought.
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๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ง ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์ฃ ?
02:49
Interestingly, there are data on these two groups of people,
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ์‹ค์ œ ์„ค๋ฌธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
02:53
data on how happy they are.
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์žฌ๋ฐŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
And this is exactly what you expected, isn't it?
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณต๊ถŒ ๋‹น์ฒจ์ž์˜ ์••์Šน์ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ ?
02:58
But these aren't the data. I made these up!
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐ€์งœ์—์š”. ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
These are the data.
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ์ง€ ์˜ค ๋ถ„๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜์„œ ๊นœ์ง ํ€ด์ฆˆ์— ์‹คํŒจํ•˜์…จ๊ตฐ์š”.
03:02
You failed the pop quiz, and you're hardly five minutes into the lecture.
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03:06
Because the fact is that a year after losing the use of their legs
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์ง€๋“ ,
03:10
and a year after winning the lotto,
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๋กœ๋˜์— ๋‹น์ฒจ๋˜๋“ , ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ชจ๋‘
03:12
lottery winners and paraplegics are equally happy with their lives.
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1๋…„ ํ›„์— ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ€ด์ฆˆ์— ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๊ฑธ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์•„์‰ฌ์›Œ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
03:18
Don't feel too bad about failing the first pop quiz,
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03:20
because everybody fails all of the pop quizzes all of the time.
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๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ํ•ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€
03:24
The research that my laboratory has been doing,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž์™€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•ด์˜จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
03:27
that economists and psychologists around the country have been doing,
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๊ฝค ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
has revealed something really quite startling to us,
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'์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ํŽธํ–ฅ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
03:33
something we call the "impact bias,"
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03:35
which is the tendency for the simulator to work badly,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์˜ค๋‹ต์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
for the simulator to make you believe that different outcomes are more different
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์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
๋” ๊ดด๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
than, in fact, they really are.
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03:45
From field studies to laboratory studies,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์ด
03:47
we see that winning or losing an election,
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๋ณต๊ถŒ์— ๋‹น์ฒจ๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰์šด์ด๋‚˜,
03:50
gaining or losing a romantic partner,
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์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์• ์ •, ์Šน์ง„, ์ž…์‹œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์‹คํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:52
getting or not getting a promotion,
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03:54
passing or not passing a college test,
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03:56
on and on,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๊ดด๋กœ์›€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๋งŒํผ
03:57
have far less impact, less intensity and much less duration
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์‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
than people expect them to have.
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์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณจํƒ•๋จน์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:05
A recent study -- this almost floors me --
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ํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋งˆ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€
04:11
a recent study showing how major life traumas affect people
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์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ›„ 3๊ฐœ์›”์ด๋ฉด
04:15
suggests that if it happened over three months ago,
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
with only a few exceptions,
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”?
04:20
it has no impact whatsoever on your happiness.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ–‰๋ณต์€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”!
04:24
Why?
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04:26
Because happiness can be synthesized.
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1642๋…„ ํ† ๋จธ์Šค ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šด ๊ฒฝ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด์š”. "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‹ค.
04:30
Sir Thomas Brown wrote in 1642, "I am the happiest man alive.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œ์„ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ, ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
I have that in me that can convert poverty to riches, adversity to prosperity.
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์šด๋ช…์  ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„ํ‚ฌ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค." ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
04:39
I am more invulnerable than Achilles; fortune hath not one place to hit me."
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์–ด๋–ค ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ ์†์— ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
04:44
What kind of remarkable machinery does this guy have in his head?
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์•„์ฃผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
04:47
Well, it turns out it's precisely the same remarkable machinery that all of us have.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฉด์—ญ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
Human beings have something
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04:55
that we might think of as a "psychological immune system,"
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๋ฌด์˜์‹ ์ค‘์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ์‹ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ
04:58
a system of cognitive processes, largely nonconscious cognitive processes,
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„
05:03
that help them change their views of the world,
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์ข€ ๋” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
so that they can feel better about the worlds
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:09
in which they find themselves.
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๋ชจ๋ฅด์…จ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
Like Sir Thomas, you have this machine.
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05:14
Unlike Sir Thomas, you seem not to know it.
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ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์ˆ ์„ ์†์— ์ฅ๊ณ ๋„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:18
We synthesize happiness, but we think happiness is a thing to be found.
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๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋„ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ์š”.
05:23
Now, you don't need me to give you
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05:25
too many examples of people synthesizing happiness, I suspect,
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹คํ—˜์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธด ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ”ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋“ค์ด์—์š”.
05:29
though I'm going to show you some experimental evidence.
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์ €๋Š” ๋„์ „ ์‚ผ์•„์„œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ผญ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
You don't have to look very far for evidence.
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05:34
I took a copy of the "New York Times"
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๋‰ด์š•ํƒ€์ž„์ฆˆ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ ธ์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ
05:36
and tried to find some instances of people synthesizing happiness.
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ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ์„ธ ๋ถ„์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
Here are three guys synthesizing happiness.
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"์ „ ์‹ ์ฒด์ , ์žฌ์ •์ , ๊ฐ์ •์ , ์ •์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
"I'm better off physically, financially, mentally ..."
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05:43
"I don't have one minute's regret. It was a glorious experience."
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"ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋„ ํ›„ํšŒํ•œ ์  ์—†์ฃ . ์˜๊ด‘์Šค๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”."
05:46
"I believe it turned out for the best."
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"๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:48
Who are these characters who are so damn happy?
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์ดํ† ๋ก ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ˆ„๊ตด๊นŒ์š”?
05:51
The first one is Jim Wright.
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05:52
Some of you are old enough to remember:
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ธ๋ฌผ์€ ์ง ๋ผ์ดํŠธ ์”จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
he was the chairman of the House of Representatives,
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๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. ๋ฏธ ํ•˜์› ์˜์žฅ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:56
and he resigned in disgrace
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05:58
when this young Republican named Newt Gingrich found out about
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์ Š์€ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์› ๋‰ด ๊น…๋ฆฌ์น˜ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์•”๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํญ๋กœํ•ด
06:01
a shady book deal that he had done.
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06:02
He lost everything.
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์‚ฌ์ž„ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:04
The most powerful Democrat in the country lost everything:
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ํ•œ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์›์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
06:06
he lost his money, he lost his power.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
What does he have to say all these years later about it?
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์žฌ์‚ฐ๋„, ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๋„ ๋‹ค ์žƒ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:11
"I am so much better off physically, financially, mentally
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
"์ „ ์‹ ์ฒด์ , ์žฌ์ •์ , ๊ฐ์ •์ , ์ •์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ,
06:14
and in almost every other way."
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06:15
What other way would there be to be better off?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:17
Vegetably? Minerally? Animally?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉด์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์š”?
06:20
He's pretty much covered them there.
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์‹๋ฌผ์ ? ๊ด‘๋ฌผ์ ? ๋™๋ฌผ์ ์œผ๋กœ์š”? ๋ชจ์กฐ๋ฆฌ ํฌํ•จํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:22
Moreese Bickham is somebody you've never heard of.
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06:24
Moreese Bickham uttered these words upon being released.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ๋น…ํ–„ ์”จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €์ง€๋ฅด์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:27
He was 78 years old.
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06:28
He'd spent 37 years in Louisiana State Penitentiary
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๋ฃจ์ด์ง€์• ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ ๊ต๋„์†Œ์—
06:31
for a crime he didn't commit.
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37๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์—ญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
He was ultimately [released for good behavior halfway through his sentence.]
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DNA ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€
06:37
What did he have to say about his experience?
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78์„ธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
"I don't have one minute's regret. It was a glorious experience."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
06:42
Glorious!
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"ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋„ ํ›„ํšŒํ•œ ์  ์—†์ฃ . ์˜๊ด‘์Šค๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”."
06:43
This guy's not saying, "There were some nice guys. They had a gym."
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์˜๊ด‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์š”!
06:46
"Glorious" -- a word we usually reserve for something like a religious experience.
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"๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์• ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ฒด์œก๊ด€๋„ ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”."๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
"์˜๊ด‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค"์˜€์–ด์š”.
์ข…๊ต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—๋‚˜ ์“ธ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:50
Harry S. Langerman uttered these words.
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06:53
He's somebody you might have known but didn't,
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์ด์ œ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ S. ๋žญ์–ด๋งจ ์”จ ์–˜๊ธธ ํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
06:55
because in 1949, he read a little article in the paper
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๊ทธ๋Š” 1949๋…„ ํ•œ ํ–„๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
06:58
about a hamburger stand owned by these two brothers named McDonald.
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๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งฅ๋„๋‚ ๋“œ ํ˜•์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ธ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:01
And he thought, "That's a really neat idea!"
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07:03
So he went to find them.
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์ •๋ง ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:05
They said, "We can give you a franchise on this for 3,000 bucks."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ˜•์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
Harry went back to New York, asked his brother, an investment banker,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ”„๋žœ์ฐจ์ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์€ 3,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‰ด์š•์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜จ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰๊ฐ€์ธ ํ˜•์—๊ฒŒ
07:11
to loan him 3,000 dollars, and his brother's immortal words were,
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07:14
"You idiot, nobody eats hamburgers."
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๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ˜•์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:16
He wouldn't lend him the money.
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07:17
Of course, six months later, Ray Kroc had exactly the same idea.
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"๋ฐ”๋ณด ๊ฐ™์œผ๋‹ˆ, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ํ–„๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ ."
ํ•ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
It turns out, people do eat hamburgers,
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6๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„, ๋ ˆ์ด ํฌ๋ก ์”จ๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
07:22
and Ray Kroc, for a while, became the richest man in America.
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ–„๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
๊ทธ๋Š” ํ–„๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ ํ”„๋žœ์ฐจ์ด์ง•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ถ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
And then, finally,
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07:28
some of you recognize this young photo of Pete Best,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
who was the original drummer for the Beatles,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ํ”ผํŠธ ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ Š์€ ์‹œ์ ˆ์ด์—์š”.
07:33
until they, you know, sent him out on an errand and snuck away
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07:37
and picked up Ringo on a tour.
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๋น„ํ‹€์ฆˆ์˜ ์›๋…„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋จธ์˜€์ฃ .
07:39
Well, in 1994, when Pete Best was interviewed --
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๋น„ํ‹€์ฆˆ๋Š” ํ”ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋ฆ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋†“๊ณ  ๋„๋ง์นœ ํ›„์—
07:41
yes, he's still a drummer; yes, he's a studio musician --
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๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋จธ๋กœ ๋ง๊ณ  ์Šคํƒ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹  ์˜์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
he had this to say: "I'm happier than I would have been with the Beatles."
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1994๋…„ ํ”ผํŠธ ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ๋“œ๋Ÿผ์„ ๋งก์€ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜€๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Š”
07:48
OK, there's something important to be learned from these people,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ €๋Š” ๋น„ํ‹€์ฆˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ–ˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋”์šฑ ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:51
and it is the secret of happiness.
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07:53
Here it is, finally to be revealed.
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์ž. ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
First: accrue wealth, power and prestige,
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ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€์ด์ฃ .
07:58
then lose it.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
(Laughter)
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์ฒซ์งธ: ๋ถ€, ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ, ํŠน๊ถŒ์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ
08:01
Second: spend as much of your life in prison as you possibly can.
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์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”! (์›ƒ์Œ).
08:05
(Laughter)
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08:06
Third: make somebody else really, really rich.
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๋‘˜์งธ: ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ด์„ธ์š” (์›ƒ์Œ).
์…‹์งธ: ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ๋ถ€์ž๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š” (์›ƒ์Œ).
08:10
And finally: never, ever join the Beatles.
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08:12
(Laughter)
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08:13
Yeah, right.
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08:14
Because when people synthesize happiness,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ: ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋น„ํ‹€์ฆˆ์˜ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” (์›ƒ์Œ).
08:16
as these gentlemen seem to have done,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
we all smile at them, but we kind of roll our eyes and say,
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08:22
"Yeah, right, you never really wanted the job."
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"์•„, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”? ์ข‹์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?"
08:25
"Oh yeah, right -- you really didn't have that much in common with her,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
08:29
and you figured that out just about the time
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์†Œ์ง€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
08:31
she threw the engagement ring in your face."
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08:33
We smirk,
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€. ์ •๋ง ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ์›ํ•œ ์  ์—†์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€."
08:34
because we believe that synthetic happiness is not of the same quality
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€.
๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑธ
08:38
as what we might call "natural happiness."
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์•ฝํ˜ผ ๋ฐ˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„ค ์–ผ๊ตด์— ๋˜์ง€๋Š”
08:41
What are these terms?
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08:42
Natural happiness is what we get when we get what we wanted,
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๋”ฑ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜๊ฒ ์ง€."
๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฑด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š”
08:45
and synthetic happiness is what we make when we don't get what we wanted.
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๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„์•„๋ƒฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
And in our society, we have a strong belief
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์šฉ์–ด ํ’€์ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•˜์ฃ .
์›ํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด, ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ–‰๋ณต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
that synthetic happiness is of an inferior kind.
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์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋˜ ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ํ–‰๋ณต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
Why do we have that belief?
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08:58
Well, it's very simple.
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09:00
What kind of economic engine would keep churning
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ํ–‰๋ณต์€
09:04
if we believed that not getting what we want
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋’ค๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
could make us just as happy as getting it?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”?
๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
With all apologies to my friend Matthieu Ricard,
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์›ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด
09:14
a shopping mall full of Zen monks
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์›ํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ํ–‰๋ณต๊ฐ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
09:16
is not going to be particularly profitable,
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09:18
because they don't want stuff enough.
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09:20
(Laughter)
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๋งคํŠœ ๋ฆฌ์นดํŠธ ์Šค๋‹˜์—๊ฒ ์œ ๊ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
09:22
I want to suggest to you
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09:23
that synthetic happiness is every bit as real and enduring
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์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์ด ์Šค๋‹˜๋“ค๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
์žฅ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋  ๋ฆฌ ๋งŒ๋ฌดํ•˜์ฃ .
09:27
as the kind of happiness you stumble upon
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์Šค๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
09:30
when you get exactly what you were aiming for.
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09:32
Now, I'm a scientist, so I'm going to do this not with rhetoric,
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์ €๋Š” ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ํ–‰๋ณต์ด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋ณต๊ณผ
09:35
but by marinating you in a little bit of data.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ง€์†๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
Let me first show you an experimental paradigm
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๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ํ–‰๋ณต๋„
09:40
that's used to demonstrate the synthesis of happiness
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๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑธ ์–ป์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณต๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ฃ .
09:44
among regular old folks.
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์ „ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
09:45
This isn't mine,
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์žฅํ™ฉํ•œ ๋ง๋Œ€์‹  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
it's a 50-year-old paradigm called the "free choice paradigm."
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ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”
09:49
It's very simple.
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09:50
You bring in, say, six objects,
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์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
09:53
and you ask a subject to rank them from the most to the least liked.
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50๋…„ ์ „์— ์‹คํ–‰๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
In this case, because this experiment uses them,
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์ž์œ  ์„ ํƒ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
these are Monet prints.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
Everybody ranks these Monet prints from the one they like the most
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์‹คํ—˜ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
10:04
to the one they like the least.
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์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
Now we give you a choice:
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋„ค์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ
10:07
"We happen to have some extra prints in the closet.
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10:09
We're going to give you one as your prize to take home.
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์—ฌ์„ฏ ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
1์œ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 6์œ„๊นŒ์ง€
10:12
We happen to have number three and number four," we tell the subject.
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋งค๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋งค๊ฒจ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:16
This is a bit of a difficult choice,
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์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์—ฌ๋ฒŒ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ๋‚จ์•„์„œ
10:18
because neither one is preferred strongly to the other,
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10:20
but naturally, people tend to pick number three,
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์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์„ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‚จ์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด 3๋ฒˆ๊ณผ 4๋ฒˆ ๋ฟ์ด๊ตฐ์š”!
10:23
because they liked it a little better than number four.
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์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
Sometime later -- it could be 15 minutes, it could be 15 days --
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์„ ํ˜ธ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:30
the same stimuli are put before the subject,
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๋ณดํ†ต์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‚˜์€ 3๋ฒˆ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
and the subject is asked to re-rank the stimuli.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:35
"Tell us how much you like them now."
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10:37
What happens?
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15๋ถ„ ํ›„์— ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
10:38
Watch as happiness is synthesized.
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10:40
This is the result that's been replicated over and over again.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
10:43
You're watching happiness be synthesized.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ข‹์€์ง€
10:45
Would you like to see it again?
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”? ํ–‰๋ณต์ด ์กฐ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:48
Happiness!
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10:49
"The one I got is really better than I thought!
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด๋„ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
That other one I didn't get sucks!"
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10:54
That's the synthesis of happiness.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ–‰๋ณต์ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
(Laughter)
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”? ํ–‰๋ณต์ด๋ž€!
10:57
Now, what's the right response to that?
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10:59
"Yeah, right!"
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"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹๋‹ค!
11:02
Now, here's the experiment we did,
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ณ„ ๊ฑฐ ์—†์–ด!"
11:04
and I hope this is going to convince you
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(์›ƒ์Œ). ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋ณต์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
that "Yeah, right!" was not the right response.
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์ด๋Ÿด ๋•Œ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”? "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€!"
11:08
We did this experiment with a group of patients
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11:10
who had anterograde amnesia.
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11:12
These are hospitalized patients.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
Most of them have Korsakoff syndrome,
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€!"๊ฐ€
11:16
a polyneuritic psychosis.
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ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋Š๋ผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
They drank way too much, and they can't make new memories.
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์‹คํ—˜ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ƒ์‹ค์ฆ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๋กœ
๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž…์› ์ค‘์ธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:22
They remember their childhood, but if you walk in and introduce yourself
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ฝ”๋ฅด์ƒค์ฝ”ํ”„ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
and then leave the room,
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์ˆ ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งˆ์…”์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
11:27
when you come back, they don't know who you are.
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11:31
We took our Monet prints to the hospital.
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๋‹ค์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์ด์ฃ .
์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœ ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
11:34
And we asked these patients to rank them
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11:37
from the one they liked the most to the one they liked the least.
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์ž ๊น ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋ฉด
๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
We then gave them the choice between number three and number four.
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๋ชจ๋„ค์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„œ
11:44
Like everybody else, they said,
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์ด ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
"Gee, thanks Doc! That's great! I could use a new print.
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๋™์ผํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:49
I'll take number three."
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11:50
We explained we would have number three mailed to them.
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3๋ฒˆ๊ณผ 4๋ฒˆ ์ค‘ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
We gathered up our materials,
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์ด๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
11:56
and we went out of the room and counted to a half hour.
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"์™€, ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”! ์ƒˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ์ข‹์€๋ฐ์š”!
11:58
(Laughter)
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3๋ฒˆ์„ ์„ ํƒํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”."
12:00
Back into the room, we say, "Hi, we're back."
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3๋ฒˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:03
The patients, bless them, say, "Ah, Doc, I'm sorry,
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์ฑ™๊ฒจ์„œ ๋ฐฉ์„ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
I've got a memory problem; that's why I'm here.
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ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ˜์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์ž,
12:09
If I've met you before, I don't remember."
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์™”์–ด์š”." ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด,
12:11
"Really, Jim, you don't remember? I was just here with the Monet prints?"
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
"Sorry, Doc, I just don't have a clue."
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12:17
"No problem, Jim.
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"์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ ์ฃ„์†กํ•ด์š”. ์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
12:18
All I want you to do is rank these for me,
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์…จ์–ด๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋ชปํ•ด์š”."
12:20
from the one you like the most to the one you like the least."
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"์ง, ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋ชปํ•ด์š”? ๋ชจ๋„ค ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์™”๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—์š”."
12:24
What do they do?
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"์ฃ„์†กํ•ด์š”. ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์—†์–ด์š”."
12:26
Well, let's first check and make sure they're really amnesiac.
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"๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”, ์ง.
12:29
We ask these amnesiac patients to tell us which one they own,
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์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๋งŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ผ์š”."
12:32
which one they chose last time, which one is theirs.
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์šฐ์„  ์ง„์งœ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ƒ์‹ค์ฆ์ธ์ง€
12:36
And what we find is, amnesiac patients just guess.
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ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
These are normal controls, where if I did this with you,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋˜
12:42
all of you would know which print you chose.
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์ตœ์ข… ์„ ํƒํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
But if I do this with amnesiac patients, they don't have a clue.
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์ „ํ˜€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
They can't pick their print out of a lineup.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ์ญค๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:51
Here's what normal controls do: they synthesize happiness. Right?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ์–ต์ƒ์‹ค์ฆ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€
12:56
This is the change in liking score,
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์ „ํ˜€ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
12:58
the change from the first time they ranked to the second time they ranked.
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13:01
Normal controls show -- that was the magic I showed you;
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ด๋ ‡์ฃ . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
13:04
now I'm showing it to you in graphical form --
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13:06
"The one I own is better than I thought.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
13:08
The one I didn't own, the one I left behind,
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์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:11
is not as good as I thought."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜
์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
13:13
Amnesiacs do exactly the same thing. Think about this result.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
"์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ๋” ์ข‹์€๋ฐ!
13:18
These people like better the one they own,
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13:20
but they don't know they own it.
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๊ณ ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ง์•ผ."
๊ธฐ์–ต์ƒ์‹ค์ฆ ํ™˜์ž๋งˆ์ €๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
"Yeah, right" is not the right response!
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13:28
What these people did when they synthesized happiness
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
๊ทธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
is they really, truly changed
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13:34
their affective, hedonic, aesthetic reactions to that poster.
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€!"๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•œ ํ›„์—๋Š”
13:40
They're not just saying it because they own it,
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13:42
because they don't know they own it.
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๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
13:45
When psychologists show you bars,
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๊ฐ์ •์ , ์พŒ๋ฝ์ , ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์  ์ธ์ƒ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
you know that they are showing you averages of lots of people.
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์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
13:51
And yet, all of us have this psychological immune system,
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์†Œ์œ  ์—ฌ๋ถ€์กฐ์ฐจ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:55
this capacity to synthesize happiness,
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13:57
but some of us do this trick better than others.
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋„ํ‘œ๋Š”
14:00
And some situations allow anybody to do it more effectively
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š”
14:04
than other situations do.
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฉด์—ญ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
14:08
It turns out that freedom,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
14:11
the ability to make up your mind and change your mind,
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์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋” ์ข‹์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„
14:14
is the friend of natural happiness,
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
because it allows you to choose among all those delicious futures
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14:20
and find the one that you would most enjoy.
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๋ณธ์ธ์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด
14:23
But freedom to choose,
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์ž์œ ๋ผ๋ฉด, ์ž์œ ๋Š”
14:25
to change and make up your mind,
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14:26
is the enemy of synthetic happiness,
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
and I'm going to show you why.
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๋ณธ์ธ์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ž์œ  ๋•๋ถ„์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
14:31
Dilbert already knows, of course.
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14:32
"Dogbert's tech support. How may I abuse you?"
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14:35
"My printer prints a blank page after every document."
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ
14:37
"Why complain about getting free paper?"
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์ž์œ ๋Š” ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
"Free? Aren't you just giving me my own paper?"
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14:41
"Look at the quality of the free paper compared to your lousy regular paper!
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
๋”œ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์•„์‹œ์ฃ ?
์ง์ ‘ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ฃ .
14:45
Only a fool or a liar would say that they look the same!"
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๋„๋ฒ„ํŠธ: ๋„๋ฒ„ํŠธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์†์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”?
14:48
"Now that you mention it, it does seem a little silkier!"
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๊ณ ๊ฐ: ์ œ ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํ›„์— ๋ฐฑ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:51
"What are you doing?"
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๋„๋ฒ„ํŠธ: ๊ณต์งœ ์ข…์ด๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์ด์„ธ์š”?
14:52
"I'm helping people accept the things they cannot change." Indeed.
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๊ณ ๊ฐ: ๊ณต์งœ์š”? ์›๋ž˜ ์ œ ์ข…์ด์ž–์•„์š”?
๋„๋ฒ„ํŠธ: ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์•„! ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ด.
14:56
The psychological immune system works best
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๋„๋ฒ„ํŠธ: ๊ณต์งœ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€!
๋„๋ฒ„ํŠธ: ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋ณด์ง€!
14:59
when we are totally stuck, when we are trapped.
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๊ณ ๊ฐ: ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๊ณต์งœ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๋„ค์š”!
15:02
This is the difference between dating and marriage.
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15:04
You go out on a date with a guy,
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๋”œ๋ฒ„ํŠธ: ๋„ˆ ๋ญํ•˜๋‹ˆ?
15:06
and he picks his nose; you don't go out on another date.
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๋„๋ฒ„ํŠธ: ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
15:09
You're married to a guy and he picks his nose?
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿด ๋•Œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
He has a heart of gold. Don't touch the fruitcake!
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์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ.
15:13
You find a way to be happy with what's happened.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ฃ .
15:17
(Laughter)
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15:18
Now, what I want to show you
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๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ํ›„๋นˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:19
is that people don't know this about themselves,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์•ˆ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋˜์ฃ .
15:22
and not knowing this can work to our supreme disadvantage.
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ ํ›„๋ผ๋ฉด?
๋งˆ์Œ์”จ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
์•”๋ง ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ง์ฃ .(์›ƒ์Œ)
15:26
Here's an experiment we did at Harvard.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋ง™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
We created a black-and-white photography course,
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15:31
and we allowed students to come in and learn how to use a darkroom.
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์ „ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ 
์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
So we gave them cameras, they went around campus,
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15:37
they took 12 pictures of their favorite professors
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์†ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
15:40
and their dorm room and their dog,
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์ฃ .
15:42
and all the other things they wanted to have Harvard memories of.
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ํ‘๋ฐฑ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ฐœ์„คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
They bring us the camera, we make up a contact sheet,
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์•”์‹ค ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ ํ›„์—
15:47
they figure out which are the two best pictures.
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์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
We now spend six hours teaching them about darkrooms,
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์กด๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜, ๊ธฐ์ˆ™์‚ฌ, ์• ์™„๊ฒฌ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ์˜ ์ถ”์–ต์ด ๋ ๋งŒํ•œ
15:52
and they blow two of them up.
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15:54
They have two gorgeous 8 x 10 glossies
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15:56
of meaningful things to them, and we say,
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12์žฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:58
"Which one would you like to give up?"
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์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ ์ธํ™”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
16:00
"I have to give one up?"
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16:01
"Yes, we need one as evidence of the class project.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” 2์žฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•”์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ 
16:04
So you have to give me one. You have to make a choice.
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2์žฅ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ ์ธํ™”ํ•ด์„œ,
16:07
You get to keep one, and I get to keep one."
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8 x 10 ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์‚ฌ์ง„
2์žฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
16:10
Now, there are two conditions in this experiment.
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"๋‘˜ ์ค‘์— ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑธ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์š”?"
16:13
In one case, the students are told,
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"ํฌ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”?"
16:15
"But you know, if you want to change your mind,
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"๋„ค, ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ œ์ถœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
16:18
I'll always have the other one here,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ด์š”. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
16:19
and in the next four days, before I actually mail it to headquarters" --
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๊ฐ–๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑด ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”."
16:24
yeah, "headquarters" --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
(Laughter)
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16:27
"I'll be glad to swap it out with you.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” "์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜
16:29
In fact, I'll come to your dorm room, just give me an email.
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๋ณธ๋ถ€์— ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ 4์ผ ๊ฐ„ ๋ง๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
16:32
Better yet, I'll check with you.
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๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋ฒˆ๋ณตํ•˜์…”๋„ ๋˜์š”."
16:34
You ever want to change your mind, it's totally returnable."
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16:37
The other half of the students are told exactly the opposite:
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(์›ƒ์Œ) ๋„ค, ๋ณธ๋ถ€์š”.
16:40
"Make your choice, and by the way,
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"๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตํ™˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:41
the mail is going out, gosh, in two minutes, to England.
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด
16:44
Your picture will be winging its way over the Atlantic.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
16:47
You will never see it again."
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋“ ์ง€ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
16:49
Half of the students in each of these conditions
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:52
are asked to make predictions
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16:53
about how much they're going to come to like
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"๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
16:55
the picture that they keep
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๊ณ ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ 2๋ถ„ ๋‚ด์— ์˜๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:57
and the picture they leave behind.
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16:58
Other students are just sent back to their little dorm rooms
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๋Œ€์„œ์–‘์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด
๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”."
17:01
and they are measured over the next three to six days
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์ด์ œ, ์–‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ค‘ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
17:04
on their satisfaction with the pictures.
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์‹คํ—˜์„ ๋งˆ์นœ ์งํ›„์—
17:06
Look at what we find.
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๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐˆ๋ฆด์ง€
17:08
First of all, here's what students think is going to happen.
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์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:11
They think they're going to maybe come to like the picture they chose
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๋‚จ์€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ™์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ
17:15
a little more than the one they left behind.
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3~6์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ
17:18
But these are not statistically significant differences.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:21
It's a very small increase, and it doesn't much matter
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:24
whether they were in the reversible or irreversible condition.
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์„ ํƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ
17:27
Wrong-o.
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17:28
Bad simulators.
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17:30
Because here's what's really happening.
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์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:31
Both right before the swap and five days later,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ํญ์€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋„ค์š”.
17:35
people who are stuck with that picture,
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17:37
who have no choice,
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๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋”๋ผ๋„
17:38
who can never change their mind,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋ฐ˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:40
like it a lot.
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17:42
And people who are deliberating -- "Should I return it?
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ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด์š”. ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
Have I gotten the right one?
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17:47
Maybe this isn't the good one. Maybe I left the good one?" --
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์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
17:50
have killed themselves.
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๊ตํ™˜์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜
17:51
They don't like their picture.
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17:52
In fact, even after the opportunity to swap has expired,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
17:55
they still don't like their picture.
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17:58
Why?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€ ์žˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, "๋ฐ”๊ฟ€๊นŒ?
17:59
Because the [reversible] condition is not conducive
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์ž˜ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ? ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์–ด์ฉŒ์ง€?
18:02
to the synthesis of happiness.
393
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์ข‹์€ ๊ฑธ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‚˜?" ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
18:05
So here's the final piece of this experiment.
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๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ํ›„์—๋„
18:08
We bring in a whole new group of naive Harvard students
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์‹ซ์–ดํ–ˆ์ฃ . ์™œ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
18:11
and we say, "You know, we're doing a photography course,
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18:15
and we can do it one of two ways.
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๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š”
18:17
We could do it so that when you take the two pictures,
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ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”!
18:20
you'd have four days to change your mind,
399
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ตญ๋ฉด์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:22
or we're doing another course where you take the two pictures
400
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:25
and you make up your mind right away and you can never change it.
401
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋˜,
18:28
Which course would you like to be in?" Duh!
402
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18:30
Sixty-six percent of the students, two-thirds,
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์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:32
prefer to be in the course where they have the opportunity to change their mind.
404
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๋‘ ์žฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅธ ํ›„์—
๋ฒˆ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 4์ผ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ง๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋“ ์ง€
18:36
Hello? Sixty-six percent of the students choose to be in the course
405
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4์ผ ๋‚ด์— ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋„ ๋˜๊ณ ,
์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ตํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋„๋ก ํ™•์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„
18:40
in which they will ultimately be deeply dissatisfied with the picture --
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์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
66%์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:44
(Laughter)
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18:45
because they do not know the conditions under which synthetic happiness grows.
408
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๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
18:51
The Bard said everything best, of course, and he's making my point here
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์—ฌ๋ณด์„ธ์š”? 66%๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„
18:56
but he's making it hyperbolically:
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์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
18:58
"'Tis nothing good or bad But thinking makes it so."
411
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:02
It's nice poetry, but that can't exactly be right.
412
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19:05
Is there really nothing good or bad?
413
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์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์„ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:07
Is it really the case that gall bladder surgery and a trip to Paris
414
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19:11
are just the same thing?
415
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๊ณผ์žฅ๋ฒ•์„ ์ข€ ์“ฐ๊ธด ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
19:12
(Laughter)
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19:14
That seems like a one-question IQ test.
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"์„ธ์ƒ์— ์ข‹๊ณ  ๋‚˜์จ์€ ์—†๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค."
19:17
They can't be exactly the same.
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์ข‹์€ ์‹œ์ง€๋งŒ ๋”ฑ ๋งž๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:19
In more turgid prose, but closer to the truth,
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์ข‹๊ณ  ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์š”.
19:22
was the father of modern capitalism, Adam Smith, and he said this.
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์˜ค์žฅ ์œก๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๊ณผ, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
19:26
This is worth contemplating:
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์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ . ๋ฐ”๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ด์ƒ
19:28
"The great source of both the misery and disorders of human life
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19:32
seems to arise from overrating the difference
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
19:34
between one permanent situation and another.
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ํ˜„ํ•™์ ์ด๊ธดํ•ด๋„ ์ง„์‹ค์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”.
19:37
Some of these situations may, no doubt, deserve to be preferred to others,
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ฐฝ์‹œ์ž, ์•„๋‹ด ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค์˜ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ณฑ์”น์–ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
19:43
but none of them can deserve to be pursued
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"์ธ์ƒ์ด ๋น„์ฐธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์งˆ์„œํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊นŒ๋‹ญ์€
19:46
with that passionate ardor which drives us to violate the rules
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์„ ํƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ
19:50
either of prudence or of justice,
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๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:53
or to corrupt the future tranquility of our minds,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์•ผ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
19:56
either by shame from the remembrance of our own folly,
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์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ์—ด์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•จ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต์ •ํ•จ์„
19:59
or by remorse for the horror of our own injustice."
431
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20:03
In other words: yes, some things are better than others.
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์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
20:08
We should have preferences that lead us into one future over another.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›€,
20:13
But when those preferences drive us too hard and too fast
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์ž˜๋ชป์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›„ํšŒ๋กœ ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์žƒ์„ ๋งŒํผ
20:17
because we have overrated the difference between these futures,
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๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
20:21
we are at risk.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ์ข‹๊ณ  ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:24
When our ambition is bounded, it leads us to work joyfully.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
20:27
When our ambition is unbounded,
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20:29
it leads us to lie, to cheat, to steal, to hurt others,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์„
20:34
to sacrifice things of real value.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ชฐ์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด
20:36
When our fears are bounded,
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20:38
we're prudent, we're cautious,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:40
we're thoughtful.
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20:41
When our fears are unbounded and overblown,
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์•ผ๋ง์„ ๋‹ค์Šค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:44
we're reckless, and we're cowardly.
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์•ผ๋ง์— ๋Œ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด, ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋งํ•˜๊ณ , ์†์ด๊ณ , ๋„๋‘‘์งˆํ•˜๊ณ ,
20:47
The lesson I want to leave you with, from these data,
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20:50
is that our longings and our worries are both to some degree overblown,
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ํƒ€์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ , ์ง„์งœ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํฌ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:55
because we have within us the capacity to manufacture the very commodity
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๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋‹ค์Šค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋ ค๊นŠ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‘๋ ค์›€์— ๋Œ๋ ค๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
21:01
we are constantly chasing when we choose experience.
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๋ฌด๋ชจํ•ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ฒ์Ÿ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:05
Thank you.
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์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
21:06
(Applause)
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ–‰๋ณต์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค์„ ๋Š์ž„ ์—†์ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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