Are you a giver or a taker? | Adam Grant

3,877,165 views ใƒป 2017-01-24

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Leslie Gauthier Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Valen Sutovsky ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
I want you to look around the room for a minute
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื›ื
ื•ืชื ืกื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื”ื›ื™ ืคืจื ื•ืื™ื“ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ
00:15
and try to find the most paranoid person here --
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00:17
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:18
And then I want you to point at that person for me.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืขืœื™ื•
00:21
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:22
OK, don't actually do it.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืืœ ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช.
00:23
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ื›ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™,
00:25
But, as an organizational psychologist,
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00:26
I spend a lot of time in workplaces,
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
00:28
and I find paranoia everywhere.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ืคืจื ื•ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
00:31
Paranoia is caused by people that I call "takers."
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ืคืจื ื•ื™ื” ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืขืดื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ืดืœื•ืงื—ื™ืืด.
00:33
Takers are self-serving in their interactions.
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืดืœื•ืงื—ื™ืืด ื”ืŸ ืื’ื•ืื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช.
ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืžืขื ื™.
00:36
It's all about what can you do for me.
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00:38
The opposite is a giver.
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ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ื•ื ืดื ื•ืชืŸืด.
00:40
It's somebody who approaches most interactions by asking,
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ื–ื” ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื™ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืืœื”:
ืดืžื” ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืžืขื ืš?ืด
00:43
"What can I do for you?"
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ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื.
00:45
I wanted to give you a chance to think about your own style.
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืจื’ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืœืงื™ื—ื” ื•ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื ื”.
00:48
We all have moments of giving and taking.
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ื”ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ื ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืžืชื ื”ื’ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
00:50
Your style is how you treat most of the people most of the time,
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ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืฉืœืš.
00:53
your default.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื
00:54
I have a short test you can take
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืจืจ ื”ืื ืืชื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื,
00:55
to figure out if you're more of a giver or a taker,
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
00:58
and you can take it right now.
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ืดืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื ืจืงื™ืกื™ืกื˜ืด
00:59
[The Narcissist Test]
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ืฉืœื‘ 1: ืงื— ืฉื ื™ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš.
01:01
[Step 1: Take a moment to think about yourself.]
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:03
(Laughter)
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ืฉืœื‘ 2: ืื ื”ื’ืขืช ืœืฉืœื‘ 2, ืืชื” ืœื ื ืจืงื™ืกื™ืกื˜.
01:04
[Step 2: If you made it to Step 2, you are not a narcissist.]
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01:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื’ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื ืชืžืš ืขืดื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื,
01:10
This is the only thing I will say today that has no data behind it,
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01:13
but I am convinced the longer it takes for you to laugh at this cartoon,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืœืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฆื—ื•ืง ืžื”ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ื•,
01:17
the more worried we should be that you're a taker.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืชืš ืœื•ืงื—.
01:19
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:20
Of course, not all takers are narcissists.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื”ื ื ืจืงื™ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื.
01:22
Some are just givers who got burned one too many times.
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ื—ืœืงื ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขืžื™ื.
01:25
Then there's another kind of taker that we won't be addressing today,
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ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืœื•ืงื— ืฉืœื ื ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื•ื,
01:29
and that's called a psychopath.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืคืช.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:31
(Laughter)
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01:32
I was curious, though, about how common these extremes are,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืกืงืจืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
01:35
and so I surveyed over 30,000 people across industries
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืกืงืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœ 30000 ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื
ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
01:38
around the world's cultures.
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01:39
And I found that most people are right in the middle
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืข
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืงื™ื—ื” ื•ื ืชื™ื ื”.
01:42
between giving and taking.
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01:43
They choose this third style called "matching."
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ื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืดืžืชืื™ืืด.
ืžืชืื™ื ื™ื ืกื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืชืช ื•ืœืงื—ืช: ืงื•ื•ื™ื“ ืคืจื• ืงื•ื•
01:46
If you're a matcher, you try to keep an even balance of give and take:
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01:49
quid pro quo -- I'll do something for you if you do something for me.
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ืืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืžืขื ืš ืื ืชืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืžืขื ื™.
ื•ื–ืืช ื ืจืื™ืช ื“ืจืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:52
And that seems like a safe way to live your life.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ืš?
01:55
But is it the most effective and productive way to live your life?
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜...
01:58
The answer to that question is a very definitive ...
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02:00
maybe.
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ืื•ืœื™.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:02
(Laughter)
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02:03
I studied dozens of organizations,
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ืกืงืจืชื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื,
02:05
thousands of people.
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ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:06
I had engineers measuring their productivity.
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ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืฉื™ืžื“ื“ื• ืืช ืคืจื™ื•ื ื.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:10
(Laughter)
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02:12
I looked at medical students' grades --
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ืขืœ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืื”
02:15
even salespeople's revenue.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช.
02:17
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข
02:19
And, unexpectedly,
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02:20
the worst performers in each of these jobs were the givers.
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ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื.
02:24
The engineers who got the least work done
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ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืฉื”ืคื™ืงื• ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช
02:26
were the ones who did more favors than they got back.
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ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉืขืฉื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”.
ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื,
02:29
They were so busy doing other people's jobs,
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ืฉืื–ืœ ืœื”ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•, ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื.
02:31
they literally ran out of time and energy to get their own work completed.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืดืก ืœืจืคื•ืื”, ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื
02:35
In medical school, the lowest grades belong to the students
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02:37
who agree most strongly with statements like,
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ืฉืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืืžืจื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ:
ืดืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ืืด,
02:40
"I love helping others,"
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ืžืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืฉื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืขืœื™ืš ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื•
02:43
which suggests the doctor you ought to trust
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02:45
is the one who came to med school with no desire to help anybody.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœืžื“ ืจืคื•ืื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:48
(Laughter)
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ื•ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช, ื’ื, ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช
02:49
And then in sales, too, the lowest revenue accrued
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02:51
in the most generous salespeople.
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ื”ื™ื• ืืฆืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื.
02:53
I actually reached out to one of those salespeople
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ืคื ื™ืชื™ ืœืื—ื“ ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื ืชื™ื ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื•ื“.
02:56
who had a very high giver score.
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02:57
And I asked him, "Why do you suck at your job --"
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื•:
ืดืœืžื” ืืชื” ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœืš?ืด
03:00
I didn't ask it that way, but --
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ืœื ืฉืืœืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ื›ื”, ืื‘ืœ...
03:01
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:02
"What's the cost of generosity in sales?"
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ืดืžื” ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช?ืด
03:05
And he said, "Well, I just care so deeply about my customers
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: ืดืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื™ ืžืœืงื•ืชื•ืชื™ื™
ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ืืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.ืด
03:08
that I would never sell them one of our crappy products."
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:11
(Laughter)
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03:12
So just out of curiosity,
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ืจืง ืžืชื•ืš ืกืงืจื ื•ืช,
ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ืžื–ื“ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื•ืœื ื›ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื• ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื?
03:14
how many of you self-identify more as givers than takers or matchers?
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ืชืจื™ืžื• ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
03:17
Raise your hands.
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03:18
OK, it would have been more before we talked about these data.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื‘ื˜ื— ื”ื™ืชื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
03:22
But actually, it turns out there's a twist here,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ื‘ืขืฆื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื” ืชืคื ื™ืช,
03:26
because givers are often sacrificing themselves,
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ื›ื™ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื,
03:29
but they make their organizations better.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
03:32
We have a huge body of evidence --
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืžื•ืช ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”:
03:35
many, many studies looking at the frequency of giving behavior
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื
ืขืœ ื”ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ื’ื•ืช ื ื•ืชื ืช ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ืื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ
03:38
that exists in a team or an organization --
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ืข
03:41
and the more often people are helping and sharing their knowledge
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ื•ืžื™ื™ืขืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:44
and providing mentoring,
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ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืคืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื“ ืืคืฉืจื™:
03:45
the better organizations do on every metric we can measure:
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ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช; ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
03:48
higher profits, customer satisfaction, employee retention --
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03:50
even lower operating expenses.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:53
So givers spend a lot of time trying to help other people
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ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื
03:56
and improve the team,
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ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช,
03:57
and then, unfortunately, they suffer along the way.
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ื•ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื”ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื.
04:00
I want to talk about what it takes
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ื ื“ืจืฉ
04:01
to build cultures where givers actually get to succeed.
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ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื.
04:05
So I wondered, then, if givers are the worst performers,
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ื•ืื– ืชื”ื™ืชื™, ืื ื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:08
who are the best performers?
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ืžื™ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ?
ืืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช: ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื.
04:11
Let me start with the good news: it's not the takers.
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ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื˜ืคืก ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื”ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช.
04:14
Takers tend to rise quickly but also fall quickly in most jobs.
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04:17
And they fall at the hands of matchers.
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ื•ื”ื ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื.
04:19
If you're a matcher, you believe in "An eye for an eye" -- a just world.
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ืื ืืชื” ืžืชืื™ื, ืืชื” ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืชื—ืช ืขื™ืŸ, ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ.
04:23
And so when you meet a taker,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืืชื” ืคื•ื’ืฉ ืœื•ืงื—,
04:24
you feel like it's your mission in life
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ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
04:26
to just punish the hell out of that person.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืขื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื”.
04:28
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:29
And that way justice gets served.
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ื•ื›ื›ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืฆื“ืง.
04:32
Well, most people are matchers.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื.
ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ืืชื” ืœื•ืงื—,
04:34
And that means if you're a taker,
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04:35
it tends to catch up with you eventually;
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฉื™ื’ ืื•ืชืš,
04:37
what goes around will come around.
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ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘.
04:39
And so the logical conclusion is:
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ืื– ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื:
ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
04:41
it must be the matchers who are the best performers.
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04:43
But they're not.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื.
04:45
In every job, in every organization I've ever studied,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืงืจืชื™,
ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื•,ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื.
04:48
the best results belong to the givers again.
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04:51
Take a look at some data I gathered from hundreds of salespeople,
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ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืืกืคืชื™ ืžืžืื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช,
ืขืงื‘ืชื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉื”ื.
04:54
tracking their revenue.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืงืฆื•ื•ืช.
04:56
What you can see is that the givers go to both extremes.
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ื”ื ื ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช,
04:58
They make up the majority of people who bring in the lowest revenue,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช.
05:01
but also the highest revenue.
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ืื•ืชื• ื“ืคื•ืก ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื
05:03
The same patterns were true for engineers' productivity
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ื•ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืื”.
05:06
and medical students' grades.
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ื™ืฉ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืฆืžืจืช ื•ื’ื ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช
05:07
Givers are overrepresented at the bottom and at the top
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื“ื“ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื•.
05:10
of every success metric that I can track.
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ืžื” ืฉืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”:
05:12
Which raises the question:
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05:13
How do we create a world where more of these givers get to excel?
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ืื™ืš ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ืŸ?
05:16
I want to talk about how to do that, not just in businesses,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื,
ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœืœื ืžื˜ืจืช ืจื•ื•ื—, ื‘ื™ืดืก...
05:19
but also in nonprofits, schools --
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05:21
even governments.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช.
05:22
Are you ready?
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ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื?
05:24
(Cheers)
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(ื”ื™ื“ื“)
ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช
05:25
I was going to do it anyway, but I appreciate the enthusiasm.
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:28
(Laughter)
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05:29
The first thing that's really critical
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžืื•ื“ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™
ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืงืจื™ ืขืจืš,
05:31
is to recognize that givers are your most valuable people,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื ืœื ื ื–ื”ืจื™ื, ื”ื ื ืฉืจืคื™ื.
05:34
but if they're not careful, they burn out.
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05:36
So you have to protect the givers in your midst.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ืชื›ื.
ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžื”ื ื˜ื•ื•ืจืงืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจืฆ'ืŸ.
05:39
And I learned a great lesson about this from Fortune's best networker.
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05:44
It's the guy, not the cat.
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ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ, ืœื ื”ื—ืชื•ืœ.
05:46
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:47
His name is Adam Rifkin.
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ืฉืžื• ืื“ื ืจื™ืคืงื™ืŸ,
05:49
He's a very successful serial entrepreneur
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื–ื ืกื“ืจืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฆืœื™ื—
05:51
who spends a huge amount of his time helping other people.
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ืฉืžื‘ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื–ืžื ื• ื‘ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื.
ื•ื”ื ืฉืง ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช.
05:54
And his secret weapon is the five-minute favor.
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ืื“ื ืืžืจ: ืดืืชื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžื ืชืจื–ื” ืื• ื’ื ื“ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืชืŸ.
05:57
Adam said, "You don't have to be Mother Teresa or Gandhi
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05:59
to be a giver.
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ืขืœื™ืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืจืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื.ืด
06:01
You just have to find small ways to add large value
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06:03
to other people's lives."
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
06:05
That could be as simple as making an introduction
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06:07
between two people who could benefit from knowing each other.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™.
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœืš ืื• ืœืชืช ืงืฆืช ืžืฉื•ื‘.
06:10
It could be sharing your knowledge or giving a little bit of feedback.
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื“
06:13
Or It might be even something as basic as saying,
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ืดืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื ื™ ืืฉืงื™ืข ืžืืžืฅ
06:16
"You know,
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06:17
I'm going to try and figure out
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืืœื” ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืœื ื”ืขืจื›ื”.ืด
06:18
if I can recognize somebody whose work has gone unnoticed."
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06:22
And those five-minute favors are really critical
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ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื•ืช
06:24
to helping givers set boundaries and protect themselves.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื.
06:27
The second thing that matters
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™
06:29
if you want to build a culture where givers succeed,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื
06:31
is you actually need a culture where help-seeking is the norm;
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื“ืจืฉืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืงืฉืช ืขื–ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ,
ืฉื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ.
06:34
where people ask a lot.
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06:36
This may hit a little too close to home for some of you.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžื•ื›ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื›ื.
06:39
[So in all your relationships, you always have to be the giver?]
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(ืื– ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ?)
06:42
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:43
What you see with successful givers
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ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืืฆืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื
06:45
is they recognize that it's OK to be a receiver, too.
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื.
06:48
If you run an organization, we can actually make this easier.
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ืื ืืชื” ืžื ื”ืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ืขื–ืจื”.
06:51
We can make it easier for people to ask for help.
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06:53
A couple colleagues and I studied hospitals.
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ืฉื ื™ ืงื•ืœื’ื•ืช ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืงืจื ื• ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงื•ืžื•ืช, ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื–ืจื”,
06:56
We found that on certain floors, nurses did a lot of help-seeking,
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ื•ื‘ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื˜.
06:59
and on other floors, they did very little of it.
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07:01
The factor that stood out on the floors where help-seeking was common,
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ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืฉื‘ืœื˜ ื‘ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื–ืจื”,
07:04
where it was the norm,
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืื—ื•ืช ืื—ืช
07:06
was there was just one nurse whose sole job it was
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ืฉื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช.
07:08
to help other nurses on the unit.
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07:10
When that role was available,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ื–ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืืžืจื•:
07:11
nurses said, "It's not embarrassing, it's not vulnerable to ask for help --
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ืดื–ื” ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืš, ื–ื” ืœื ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืขื–ืจื” -
07:15
it's actually encouraged."
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.ืด
ื‘ืงืฉืช ืขื–ืจื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื”
07:18
Help-seeking isn't important just for protecting the success
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ื•ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื.
07:21
and the well-being of givers.
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07:22
It's also critical to getting more people to act like givers,
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ืืœื ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื ื•ืชื ืช,
07:25
because the data say
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื
07:26
that somewhere between 75 and 90 percent of all giving in organizations
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ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 75 ืœ-90 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ื ืชื™ื ื” ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื
ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขื ื‘ืงืฉื”.
07:30
starts with a request.
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07:31
But a lot of people don't ask.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื.
07:33
They don't want to look incompetent,
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ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื—ืกืจื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช,
ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช, ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.
07:35
they don't know where to turn, they don't want to burden others.
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืขื–ืจื”,
07:38
Yet if nobody ever asks for help,
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืืฆืœืš ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืชื•ืกื›ืœื™ื
07:40
you have a lot of frustrated givers in your organization
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื,
07:42
who would love to step up and contribute,
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ืื ืจืง ื™ื“ืขื• ืœืžื™ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ื•ืื™ืš.
07:44
if they only knew who could benefit and how.
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07:47
But I think the most important thing,
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื,
07:49
if you want to build a culture of successful givers,
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07:51
is to be thoughtful about who you let onto your team.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืชืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืžื™ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœืš.
ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช,
07:54
I figured, you want a culture of productive generosity,
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07:57
you should hire a bunch of givers.
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื.
07:59
But I was surprised to discover, actually, that that was not right --
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืคืชืขืชื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ -
08:03
that the negative impact of a taker on a culture
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ืฉื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช
ื”ื™ื ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืื• ืžืฉื•ืœืฉืช ืžื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชืŸ.
08:06
is usually double to triple the positive impact of a giver.
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08:09
Think about it this way:
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ื›ื”:
08:10
one bad apple can spoil a barrel,
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ืชืคื•ื— ืจืงื•ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื•ืก ื—ื‘ื™ืช,
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืชืจื™ืกืจ.
08:12
but one good egg just does not make a dozen.
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08:15
I don't know what that means --
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ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ...
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:17
(Laughter)
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08:18
But I hope you do.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืืชื ื›ืŸ.
08:20
No -- let even one taker into a team,
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ืœื.
ืชื›ื ื™ืกื• ืจืง ืœื•ืงื— ืื—ื“ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช,
08:23
and you will see that the givers will stop helping.
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ื•ืชืจืื• ืฉื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.
08:26
They'll say, "I'm surrounded by a bunch of snakes and sharks.
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ื”ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื•: ืดืื ื™ ืžื•ืงืฃ ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื.
ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืืชืจื•ื?ืด
08:29
Why should I contribute?"
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08:30
Whereas if you let one giver into a team,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื ืชื›ื ื™ืกื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช, ืœื ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
08:32
you don't get an explosion of generosity.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื•,
08:35
More often, people are like,
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08:36
"Great! That person can do all our work."
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ืดืžืขื•ืœื”! ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•ืด
ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืขืกืงื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”, ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื
08:39
So, effective hiring and screening and team building
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08:41
is not about bringing in the givers;
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ื–ื” ืœื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื,
ืืœื ืœืกืœืง ืืช ื”ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื.
08:44
it's about weeding out the takers.
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ืื ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืชื™ืฉืืจ ืขื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื•ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื.
08:47
If you can do that well,
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08:48
you'll be left with givers and matchers.
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ื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื“ืื’ื• ืžื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช.
08:50
The givers will be generous
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08:51
because they don't have to worry about the consequences.
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขื ื”ื–ืจื.
08:54
And the beauty of the matchers is that they follow the norm.
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืœื•ืงื— ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™?
08:57
So how do you catch a taker before it's too late?
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09:00
We're actually pretty bad at figuring out who's a taker,
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื™ ืœื•ืงื—,
09:03
especially on first impressions.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืชืจืฉืžื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช.
09:05
There's a personality trait that throws us off.
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ื™ืฉ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืžืจื—ื™ืงื” ืื•ืชื ื•.
09:07
It's called agreeableness,
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ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ื ืขื™ืžื•ืช,
ืื—ื“ ืžืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช.
09:09
one the major dimensions of personality across cultures.
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09:11
Agreeable people are warm and friendly, they're nice, they're polite.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื—ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื, ืžื ื•ืžืกื™ื.
ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืงื ื“ื”...
09:15
You find a lot of them in Canada --
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:17
(Laughter)
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09:18
Where there was actually a national contest
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
ืœื”ืžืฆืืช ืกืœื•ื’ืŸ ืงื ื“ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืกืจ,
09:22
to come up with a new Canadian slogan and fill in the blank,
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ืดืงื ื“ื™ ื›ืžื•...ืด
09:25
"As Canadian as ..."
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09:26
I thought the winning entry was going to be,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžืฆื ื— ื™ื”ื™ื”
ืดืงื ื“ื™ ื›ืžื• ืกื™ืจื•ืค ืžื™ื™ืคืœืด ืื• ืดื”ื•ืงื™ ืขืœ ืงืจื—ืด
09:29
"As Canadian as maple syrup," or, "... ice hockey."
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื, ืงื ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืœืกืœื•ื’ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ:
09:31
But no, Canadians voted for their new national slogan to be --
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืฆื•ื—ืง ืขืœื™ื›ื -
09:34
I kid you not --
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ืดืงื ื“ื™ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืชื—ืช ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช.ืด
09:35
"As Canadian as possible under the circumstances."
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:38
(Laughter)
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืืœื” ืžื›ื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื ืžืื•ื“,
09:42
Now for those of you who are highly agreeable,
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืฆืช ืงื ื“ื™ื™ื,
09:44
or maybe slightly Canadian,
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09:45
you get this right away.
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ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืžื™ื“.
ืื™ืš ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื›ืžืฉื”ื•
09:47
How could I ever say I'm any one thing
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ื›ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื?
09:49
when I'm constantly adapting to try to please other people?
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09:52
Disagreeable people do less of it.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืคื—ื•ืช.
09:54
They're more critical, skeptical, challenging,
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ื™ื, ืกืงืคื˜ื™ื™ื, ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื,
ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืขืžื™ืชื™ื”ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื.
09:57
and far more likely than their peers to go to law school.
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10:00
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:01
That's not a joke, that's actually an empirical fact.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื”, ื–ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืืžืคื™ืจื™ืช.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:04
(Laughter)
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ืื– ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื ื—ืชื™ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื
10:05
So I always assumed that agreeable people were givers
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10:07
and disagreeable people were takers.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื, ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื.
10:09
But then I gathered the data,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืืกืคืชื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื,
10:11
and I was stunned to find no correlation between those traits,
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ื•ื ื“ื”ืžืชื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
10:14
because it turns out that agreeableness-disagreeableness
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ื›ื™ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืื™ ื ืขื™ืžื•ืช
ื–ื” ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื›ื:
10:17
is your outer veneer:
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10:18
How pleasant is it to interact with you?
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ื›ืžื” ื ืขื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ืžื’ืข ืื™ืชื›ื?
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœืชืช ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื ื™ืขื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื:
10:20
Whereas giving and taking are more of your inner motives:
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10:22
What are your values? What are your intentions toward others?
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ืžื” ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื? ืžื” ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื›ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืื—ืจื™ื?
ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง,
10:25
If you really want to judge people accurately,
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจื’ืข ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืžื—ื›ื” ืœื•,
10:28
you have to get to the moment every consultant in the room is waiting for,
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ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช.
10:31
and draw a two-by-two.
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:32
(Laughter)
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10:37
The agreeable givers are easy to spot:
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ืงืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื”ื ืขื™ืžื™ื:
10:39
they say yes to everything.
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื›ืœ.
10:43
The disagreeable takers are also recognized quickly,
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ื”ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื”ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื ื’ื ืงืœื™ื ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™,
10:46
although you might call them by a slightly different name.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืชืงืจืื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืฉื ืงืฆืช ืฉื•ื ื”.
10:50
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:53
We forget about the other two combinations.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
10:55
There are disagreeable givers in our organizations.
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื.
10:59
There are people who are gruff and tough on the surface
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ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ืกื™ื ื•ืงืฉื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—
11:01
but underneath have others' best interests at heart.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ื ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.
ืื• ืื™ืš ืฉืžื”ื ื“ืก ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ,
11:05
Or as an engineer put it,
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11:06
"Oh, disagreeable givers --
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ืดืื•ื™, ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื...
11:08
like somebody with a bad user interface but a great operating system."
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ื”ื ื›ืžื• ืžืžืฉืง ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืจืข ืื‘ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืช.ืด
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:12
(Laughter)
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11:13
If that helps you.
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ืื ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื›ื.
11:14
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:16
Disagreeable givers are the most undervalued people in our organizations,
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ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืขืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื•,
11:19
because they're the ones who give the critical feedback
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ื“ื‘ืง ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™
ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื‘ืœ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข.
11:22
that no one wants to hear but everyone needs to hear.
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ
11:25
We need to do a much better job valuing these people
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11:27
as opposed to writing them off early,
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืœื”ืžืขื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืจื›ื ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช,
ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืžืฉืœ: ืดืงืฆืช ืžืขืฆื‘ืŸ,
11:29
and saying, "Eh, kind of prickly,
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ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื•ืงื— ืื’ื•ืื™ืกื˜.ืด
11:31
must be a selfish taker."
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11:33
The other combination we forget about is the deadly one --
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ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื˜ืœื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ:
11:36
the agreeable taker, also known as the faker.
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ื”ืœื•ืงื— ื”ื ืขื™ื, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื›ืดื”ื–ื™ื™ืคืŸืด.
11:40
This is the person who's nice to your face,
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ื–ื”ื• ืื“ื ืฉืžืื•ื“ ื ื—ืžื“ ืื™ืชืš,
ื•ืื– ื™ื“ืงื•ืจ ืื•ืชืš ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ื‘.
11:42
and then will stab you right in the back.
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11:44
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:46
And my favorite way to catch these people in the interview process
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ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช
11:49
is to ask the question,
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ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”,
ืดืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
11:51
"Can you give me the names of four people
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11:53
whose careers you have fundamentally improved?"
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ืฉืฉื™ืคืจืช ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™?ืด
ื”ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื›ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉืžื•ืช,
11:56
The takers will give you four names,
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืฉืœื”ื,
11:58
and they will all be more influential than them,
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ื›ื™ ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืœืœืงืง ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืื– ืœื‘ืขื•ื˜ ืœืžื˜ื”.
12:01
because takers are great at kissing up and then kicking down.
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12:04
Givers are more likely to name people who are below them in a hierarchy,
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ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื™ื™ื˜ื• ืœืชืช ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžืฉืœื”ื,
12:08
who don't have as much power,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ื,
12:09
who can do them no good.
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ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื.
12:11
And let's face it, you all know you can learn a lot about character
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ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™
12:14
by watching how someone treats their restaurant server
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ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืื™ืš ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืชื ื”ื’ ืœืžืœืฆืจ ืฉืœื•
ืื• ืœื ื”ื’ ืื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื•.
12:17
or their Uber driver.
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12:19
So if we do all this well,
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ืื– ืื ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
12:20
if we can weed takers out of organizations,
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ืื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืกืœืง ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื•,
ืื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืขื–ืจื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—,
12:22
if we can make it safe to ask for help,
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12:24
if we can protect givers from burnout
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ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืฉื—ื™ืงื”
12:26
and make it OK for them to be ambitious in pursuing their own goals
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ื•ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืืคืชื ื™ื ื•ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
12:29
as well as trying to help other people,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื,
12:32
we can actually change the way that people define success.
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ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืœื ืฆื— ืชื—ืจื•ืช
12:35
Instead of saying it's all about winning a competition,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชืจื•ืžื”.
12:38
people will realize success is really more about contribution.
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12:42
I believe that the most meaningful way to succeed
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—
ื”ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—.
12:45
is to help other people succeed.
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ื•ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืืžื•ื ื” ื–ื•,
12:47
And if we can spread that belief,
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12:48
we can actually turn paranoia upside down.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืคืจื ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื”.
12:51
There's a name for that.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืฉื.
12:52
It's called "pronoia."
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ืคืจื•ื ื•ื™ื”.
ืคืจื•ื ื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืืฉืœื™ื™ืชื™ืช
12:55
Pronoia is the delusional belief
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12:56
that other people are plotting your well-being.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื–ื•ืžืžื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื›ื.
12:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:02
That they're going around behind your back
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ืฉื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื’ื‘ื›ื
13:05
and saying exceptionally glowing things about you.
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ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื›ื.
13:09
The great thing about a culture of givers is that's not a delusion --
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืืฉืœื™ื™ื”,
13:13
it's reality.
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ื–ื• ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
13:15
I want to live in a world where givers succeed,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื,
ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืชืขื–ืจื• ืœื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”.
13:18
and I hope you will help me create that world.
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13:20
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
13:21
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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