Siegfried Woldhek: The true face of Leonardo Da Vinci?

80,212 views ใƒป 2008-04-04

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Assaf Tsafriri ืžื‘ืงืจ: Dan Liebeschutz
00:12
Good morning.
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ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
00:14
Let's look for a minute at the greatest icon of all, Leonardo da Vinci.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืœืจื’ืข ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื›ืœ, ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื“ื” ื•ื™ื ืฆื™
00:19
We're all familiar with his fantastic work --
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื”ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™ืช --
00:22
his drawings, his paintings, his inventions, his writings.
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ื”ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื•, ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื•, ื”ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื”ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
00:25
But we do not know his face.
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ืืš ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ื ืจืื” ืคืจืฆื•ืคื•.
00:27
Thousands of books have been written about him,
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ืืœืคื™ ืกืคืจื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœื™ื•,
00:30
but there's controversy, and it remains, about his looks.
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ืืš ื™ืฉื ื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ืฉืขื•ื“ ืงื™ื™ืžืช, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืจืื•.
00:34
Even this well-known portrait is not accepted by many art historians.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื–ื” ืœื ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
00:39
So, what do you think?
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ืื– ืžื” ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื?
00:41
Is this the face of Leonardo da Vinci or isn't it?
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ื”ืื ืืœื• ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื“ื” ื•ื™ื ืฆื™ ืื• ืœื?
00:44
Let's find out.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื’ืœื”.
00:47
Leonardo was a man that drew everything around him.
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ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ืฉืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•.
00:50
He drew people, anatomy, plants, animals, landscapes, buildings, water, everything.
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ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื”, ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื ื•ืคื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืžื™ื, ื”ื›ืœ.
00:58
But no faces?
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ืืš ืœื ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื?
01:00
I find that hard to believe.
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ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ.
01:02
His contemporaries made faces, like the ones you see here --
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ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื• ืฆื™ื™ืจื• ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืืœื• ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืคื”.
01:05
en face or three-quarters.
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ืžืœืคื ื™ื ืื• ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจื‘ืขื™ื.
01:07
So, surely a passionate drawer like Leonardo
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ืื– ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉืฆื™ื™ืจ ื ืœื”ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื•
01:10
must have made self-portraits from time to time.
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ืขืฉื” ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื™ื ืขืฆืžื™ื™ื ืžืขืช ืœืขืช.
01:14
So let's try to find them.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื ืกื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื.
01:16
I think that if we were to scan all of his work
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื ืกืจื•ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•
01:19
and look for self-portraits, we would find his face looking at us.
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ื•ื ื—ืคืฉ ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื™ื ืขืฆืžื™ื™ื, ื ืžืฆื ืืช ืคื ื™ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื ื•.
01:23
So I looked at all of his drawings, more than 700,
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ืื– ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื•, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-700,
01:27
and looked for male portraits.
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ื•ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
01:30
There are about 120, you see them here.
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืจืš 120, ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื ืคื”.
01:33
Which ones of these could be self-portraits?
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ืื™ื–ื” ืžืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื™ื ืขืฆืžื™ื™ื?
01:35
Well, for that they have to be done as we just saw, en face or three-quarters.
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ืื– ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื’ืข ืจืื™ื ื•, ืžืœืคื ื™ื ืื• ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจื‘ืขื™ื.
01:40
So we can eliminate all the profiles.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ื.
01:43
It also has to be sufficiently detailed.
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืคื•ืจื˜.
01:45
So we can also eliminate the ones that are very vague or very stylized.
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ืื– ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืืช ืืœื• ืฉืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื•ืจืคืœื™ื ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื’ื ื ื™ื.
01:51
And we know from his contemporaries
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื•
01:53
that Leonardo was a very handsome, even beautiful man.
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ืฉืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืคื”.
01:56
So we can also eliminate the ugly ones or the caricatures.
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ืื– ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืขืจื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช.
02:00
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:01
And look what happens -- only three candidates remain that fit the bill.
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ื•ืชืจืื• ืžื” ืงืจื” -- ื ื•ืชืจื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืฉืชื•ืืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ.
02:06
And here they are.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื.
02:08
Yes, indeed, the old man is there,
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜, ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื ืžืฆื ืคื”.
02:10
as is this famous pen drawing of the Homo Vitruvianus.
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ื’ื ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ ื”ืขื˜ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™.
02:13
And lastly, the only portrait of a male that Leonardo painted, "The Musician."
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ื•ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ืฆื™ื™ืจ, "ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™".
02:18
Before we go into these faces,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืฆืœื•ืœ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
02:20
I should explain why I have some right to talk about them.
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ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
02:23
I've made more than 1,100 portraits myself
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ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-1100 ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื™
02:27
for newspapers, over the course of 300 -- 30 years, sorry, 30 years only.
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ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ืžืฉืš 300 -- 30 ืฉื ื”, ืกืœื™ื—ื”, 30 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
02:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:32
But there are 1,100, and very few artists have drawn so many faces.
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ืืš ื™ืฉ 1100, ื•ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื”ืืžื ื™ื ืฉืฆื™ื™ืจื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื.
02:37
So I know a little about drawing and analyzing faces.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ ืคื ื™ื.
02:40
OK, now let's look at these three portraits.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื™ื.
02:43
And hold onto your seats, because if we zoom in on those faces,
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ืชื—ื–ื™ืงื• ื‘ื›ื™ืกืื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื ืชืงืจื‘ ืœืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ืืœื•,
02:46
remark how they have the same broad forehead, the horizontal eyebrows,
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ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืฆื— ืจื—ื‘, ื’ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืคืงื™ื•ืช,
02:50
the long nose, the curved lips and the small, well-developed chin.
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ืืฃ ืืจื•ืš, ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืžืขื•ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืกื ื˜ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืžืคื•ืชื—.
02:53
I couldn't believe my eyes when I first saw that.
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ืœื ื™ื›ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœืžืจืื” ืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
02:56
There is no reason why these portraits should look alike.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืžื” ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื™ื ืืœื• ื ืจืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ.
02:58
All we did was look for portraits that had the characteristics of a self-portrait,
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ื›ืœ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ-ืขืฆืžื™,
03:02
and look, they are very similar.
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ื•ืจืื•, ื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื•ืžื™ื
03:04
Now, are they made in the right order?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืื ื”ื ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
03:07
The young man should be made first.
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ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
03:09
And as you see here from the years that they were created,
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืฆืจื•,
03:11
it is indeed the case.
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ื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื”.
03:13
They are made in the right order.
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ื”ื ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
03:15
What was the age of Leonardo at the time? Does that fit?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื™ืœื• ืฉืœ ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื”? ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืชืื™ื?
03:17
Yes, it does. He was 33, 38 and 63 when these were made.
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ื›ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 33, 38 ื•-63 ื›ืฉืืœื• ื ืขืฉื•.
03:20
So we have three pictures, potentially of the same person
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื ืื“ื
03:24
of the same age as Leonardo at the time.
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ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ.
03:26
But how do we know it's him, and not someone else?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ื, ื•ืœื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ื“?
03:29
Well, we need a reference.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ.
03:31
And here's the only picture of Leonardo that's widely accepted.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ืฉืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืœื›ืœืœ.
03:35
It's a statue made by Verrocchio, of David,
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ื–ื” ืคืกืœ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื•,
03:38
for which Leonardo posed as a boy of 15.
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ื‘ื• ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื ืฉืงืฃ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ 15.
03:40
And if we now compare the face of the statue,
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ื•ืื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกืœ,
03:43
with the face of the musician, you see the very same features again.
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ืœืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”"ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™", ื ืจืื” ืืช ืื•ืชื ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘.
03:47
The statue is the reference, and it connects the identity of Leonardo
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ื”ืคืกืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื™ื™ืš ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื•
03:50
to those three faces.
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ืœืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
03:52
Ladies and gentlemen, this story has not yet been published.
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ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™, ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื˜ืจื ื”ืชืคืจืกื.
03:57
It's only proper that you here at TED hear and see it first.
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ื–ื” ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ืชืจืื• ื•ืชืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืคื” ื‘-TED.
04:00
The icon of icons finally has a face.
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ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืžืœื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืฉ ืคื ื™ื.
04:03
Here he is: Leonardo da Vinci.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื -- ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื“ื” ื•ื™ื ืฆื™.
04:05
(Applause)
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(ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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