How playing an instrument benefits your brain - Anita Collins

Kako sviranje instrumenta koristi vašem mozgu - Anita Kolins (Anita Collins)

Prevodilac: Ranka Zarkovic Lektor: Mile Živković

Did you know that every time musicians pick up their instruments,

Da li ste znali da svaki put kad muzičari uzmu svoje instrumente

there are fireworks going off all over their brain?

počne vatromet po celom njihovom mozgu?

Spolja, oni možda izgledaju mirni i skoncentrisani,

On the outside, they may look calm and focused,

reading the music and making the precise and practiced movements required.

dok čitaju note i izvode precizne i uvežbane potrebne pokrete.

But inside their brains, there's a party going on.

Ali u njihovim mozgovima je počela žurka.

How do we know this?

Kako to znamo?

Well, in the last few decades,

Pa, u poslednjih nekoliko decenija,

neuroscientists have made enormous breakthroughs

neurolozi su napravili ogromne pomake

in understanding how our brains work by monitoring them in real time

u razumevanju funkcionisanja naših mozgova posmatrajući ih u trenutku rada

with instruments like fMRI and PET scanners.

instrumentima kao što su FMR i PET skeneri.

When people are hooked up to these machines,

Kad su ljudi spojeni na te mašine,

tasks, such as reading or doing math problems,

zadaci poput čitanja ili rešavanja matematičkih problema

each have corresponding areas of the brain where activity can be observed.

imaju odgovarajuće oblasti mozga

u kojima se može primetiti aktivnost.

But when researchers got the participants to listen to music,

Ali kada su istraživači dali učesnicima da slušaju muziku,

they saw fireworks.

ugledali su vatromet.

Multiple areas of their brains were lighting up at once,

Više oblasti u njihovim mozgovima se obasjalo istovremeno,

as they processed the sound,

dok su obrađivale zvuk,

took it apart to understand elements like melody and rhythm,

rastavljen na delove kako bi se razumeli elementi poput melodije i ritma,

and then put it all back together into unified musical experience.

da bi se sve opet stopilo u jedinstveno muzičko iskustvo.

And our brains do all this work in the split second

A naši mozgovi obavljaju sav taj posao u deliću sekunde

between when we first hear the music and when our foot starts to tap along.

od trenutka kad čujemo muziku do trenutka kad naša stopala počnu da tapkaju u ritmu.

But when scientists turned from observing the brains

Ali kada su se naučnici okrenuli sa posmatranja mozgova

of music listeners to those of musicians,

slušalaca muzike na mozgove muzičara,

the little backyard fireworks became a jubilee.

mali dvorišni vatromet se pretvorio u proslavu jubileja.

It turns out that while listening to music engages the brain

Ispostavilo se da dok slušanje muzike angažuje mozak

in some pretty interesting activities,

u neke vrlo interesantne aktivnosti,

playing music is the brain's equivalent of a full-body workout.

sviranje muzike je moždani ekvivalent treninga za celo telo.

The neuroscientists saw multiple areas of the brain light up,

Neurolozi su videli da se brojne oblasti mozga pale,

simultaneously processing different information

dok istovremeno obrađuju različite informacije

in intricate, interrelated, and astonishingly fast sequences.

u komplikovanim, međusobno povezanim, i zadivljujuće brzim sekvencama.

But what is it about making music that sets the brain alight?

Ali šta je to u izvođenju muzike što pali svetlo u mozgu?

The research is still fairly new,

Istraživanje je još relativno novo, ali neurolozi imaju dosta jasnu zamisao.

but neuroscientists have a pretty good idea.

Playing a musical instrument

Sviranje muzičkih instrumenata angažuje praktično sve delove mozga istovremeno,

engages practically every area of the brain at once,

especially the visual, auditory, and motor cortices.

naročito u vizuelnom, auditivnom i motoričkom korteksu.

As with any other workout, disciplined, structured practice in playing music

I kao i kod svakog drugog vežbanja, disciplinovano, strukturisano vežbanje

strengthens those brain functions, allowing us to apply that strength

jača te funkcije mozga, što nam omogućava da primenimo tu snagu

to other activities.

i na ostale aktivnosti.

The most obvious difference between listening to music and playing it

Najočiglednija razlika između slušanja muzike i sviranja

is that the latter requires fine motor skills,

je da potonje zahteva dobre motoričke sposobnosti

which are controlled in both hemispheres of the brain.

koje su pod kontrolom obe hemisfere mozga.

It also combines the linguistic and mathematical precision,

Ono takođe kombinuje jezičku i matematičku preciznost,

u kojima je više uključena leva hemisfera,

in which the left hemisphere is more involved,

sa novim i kreativnim sadržajima u kojima prednjači desna.

with the novel and creative content that the right excels in.

For these reasons, playing music has been found

Iz tih razloga pronađeno je da reprodukcija muzike

povećava obim i aktivnost u mozgu u žuljevitom telu,

to increase the volume and activity in the brain's corpus callosum,

the bridge between the two hemispheres,

mostu između dve hemisfere,

allowing messages to get across the brain faster and through more diverse routes.

omogućavajući prenošenje poruka kroz mozak brže i kroz više različitih putanja.

This may allow musicians to solve problems

To može da osposobi muzičare da rešavaju probleme

more effectively and creatively, in both academic and social settings.

efikasnije i kreativnije, i u akademskom i u društvenom kontekstu.

Because making music also involves crafting and understanding

Obzirom da izvođenje muzike takođe uključuje veštinu i razumevanje

its emotional content and message,

njenog emotivnog sadržaja i poruke,

musicians often have higher levels of executive function,

muzičari su često na višem nivou izvršne funkcije,

u kategoriji međusobno povezanih zadataka

a category of interlinked tasks

that includes planning, strategizing, and attention to detail

koji uključuju planiranje, strategiju i pažnju usmerenu na detalje

and requires simultaneous analysis of both cognitive and emotional aspects.

i zahtevaju simultanu analizu i kognitivnih i emocionalnih aspekata.

Ova sposobnost takođe utiče na rad naših sistema za memoriju.

This ability also has an impact on how our memory systems work.

I zaista, muzičari pokazuju poboljšano pamćenje

And, indeed, musicians exhibit enhanced memory functions,

creating, storing, and retrieving memories more quickly and efficiently.

i stvaraju, skladište i preuzimaju uspomene brže i efikasnije.

Studies have found that musicians appear to use their highly connected brains

Istraživanja su pokazala da muzičari koriste svoje vrlo dobro povezane mozgove

to give each memory multiple tags,

da bi dali svakom sećanju višestruke oznake,

such as a conceptual tag, an emotional tag,

kao što je pojmovna, emocionalna, zvučna i kontekstualna oznaka,

an audio tag, and a contextual tag,

like a good Internet search engine.

kao dobar Internet pretraživač.

How do we know that all these benefits are unique to music,

Dakle, kako znamo da su sve ove pogodnosti jedinstvene za muziku,

as opposed to, say, sports or painting?

u odnosu na, recimo, bavljenje sportom ili slikarstvom?

Or could it be that people who go into music

A šta ako su ljudi koji se bave muzikom

bili pametniji i pre nego što su počeli?

were already smarter to begin with?

Neurolozi su istražili ova pitanja, ali do sada su otkrili da se

Neuroscientists have explored these issues, but so far,

they have found that the artistic and aesthetic aspects

umetnički i estetski aspekti kod učenja sviranja muzičkog instrumenta razlikuju

of learning to play a musical instrument

are different from any other activity studied, including other arts.

od svake druge aktivnosti koju su proučavali, uključujući i druge umetnosti.

And several randomized studies of participants,

I u nekoliko ispitivanja slučajno izabranih učesnika

who showed the same levels

koji su pokazali isti nivo kognitivnih funkcija i neuronske obrade na početku,

of cognitive function and neural processing at the start,

ispostavilo se da su oni koji su proveli neko vreme učeći muziku,

found that those who were exposed to a period of music learning

showed enhancement in multiple brain areas, compared to the others.

pokazali poboljšanje u brojnim oblastima mozga u odnosu na ostale.

This recent research about the mental benefits of playing music

Ova nedavna istraživanja o korisnosti sviranja za razvoj umnih sposobnosti

has advanced our understanding of mental function,

unapredila su naše razumevanje mentalnih funkcija,

revealing the inner rhythms and complex interplay

otkrivajući unutrašnje ritmove i složene interakcije

that make up the amazing orchestra of our brain.

koje sačinjavaju zadivljujući orkestar našeg mozga.