How playing an instrument benefits your brain - Anita Collins

13,164,689 views ใƒป 2014-07-22

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Tal Dekkers
00:13
Did you know that every time musicians pick up their instruments,
0
13712
3358
ื”ืื ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ื’ื™ื ื”
00:17
there are fireworks going off all over their brain?
1
17094
3175
ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืงื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื?
00:20
On the outside, they may look calm and focused,
2
20293
2563
ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื”ื ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื™ื ืจื’ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ื•ื™ื,
00:22
reading the music and making the precise and practiced movements required.
3
22880
3963
ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช.
00:26
But inside their brains, there's a party going on.
4
26867
2487
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื, ื™ืฉ ืžืกื™ื‘ื”.
00:30
How do we know this?
5
30121
1264
ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
00:31
Well, in the last few decades,
6
31409
1792
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
00:33
neuroscientists have made enormous breakthroughs
7
33225
2471
ืžื“ืขื ื™ ืžื•ื— ืขืฉื• ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช
00:35
in understanding how our brains work by monitoring them in real time
8
35720
4609
ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืื™ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช
00:40
with instruments like fMRI and PET scanners.
9
40353
3088
ืขื ื›ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• MRI ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ื•ืกืจื™ืงื•ืช PET.
00:43
When people are hooked up to these machines,
10
43465
2229
ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
00:45
tasks, such as reading or doing math problems,
11
45718
2882
ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืงืจื™ืื” ืื• ืคืชื™ืจืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
00:48
each have corresponding areas of the brain where activity can be observed.
12
48624
4386
ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื™ืฉ ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื— ื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช.
00:53
But when researchers got the participants to listen to music,
13
53034
3258
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื ืชื ื• ืœืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”,
00:56
they saw fireworks.
14
56316
1960
ื”ื ืจืื• ื–ื™ืงื•ืงื™ื.
00:58
Multiple areas of their brains were lighting up at once,
15
58300
2871
ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื— ื ื“ืœืงื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“,
01:01
as they processed the sound,
16
61195
1625
ื›ืฉื”ื ืขื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื,
01:02
took it apart to understand elements like melody and rhythm,
17
62844
2997
ืคื™ืจืงื• ืื•ืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืžืœื•ื“ื™ื” ื•ืงืฆื‘,
01:05
and then put it all back together into unified musical experience.
18
65865
4163
ื•ืื– ื—ื™ื‘ืจื• ืื•ืชื ื™ื—ื“ ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ืช ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช.
01:10
And our brains do all this work in the split second
19
70052
2967
ื•ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจ ืฉื ื™ื”
01:13
between when we first hear the music and when our foot starts to tap along.
20
73043
4342
ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืจืงื•ืข ืื™ืชื”.
01:17
But when scientists turned from observing the brains
21
77409
2512
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืคื•ื ื™ื ืžืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืžื•ื—
01:19
of music listeners to those of musicians,
22
79945
2666
ืฉืœ ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืœื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื,
01:22
the little backyard fireworks became a jubilee.
23
82635
3257
ื”ื–ื™ืงื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืžื•ืคืข ืฉืœื.
01:25
It turns out that while listening to music engages the brain
24
85916
3531
ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืื–ื ื” ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื—
01:29
in some pretty interesting activities,
25
89471
1958
ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช,
01:31
playing music is the brain's equivalent of a full-body workout.
26
91453
4041
ื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืžืœื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
01:35
The neuroscientists saw multiple areas of the brain light up,
27
95518
3164
ืžื“ืขื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ืจืื• ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ื ื“ืœืงื™ื,
01:38
simultaneously processing different information
28
98706
2908
ื•ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžื™ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
01:41
in intricate, interrelated, and astonishingly fast sequences.
29
101638
3870
ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื, ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื.
01:46
But what is it about making music that sets the brain alight?
30
106233
3627
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœ ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืžื•ื—?
01:49
The research is still fairly new,
31
109884
1911
ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ,
01:51
but neuroscientists have a pretty good idea.
32
111819
2657
ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื“ืขื ื™ ืžื•ื— ื™ืฉ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.
01:54
Playing a musical instrument
33
114500
1428
ื ื’ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ื
01:55
engages practically every area of the brain at once,
34
115952
3341
ืžืขืจื‘ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช,
01:59
especially the visual, auditory, and motor cortices.
35
119317
3998
ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช, ื”ืฉืžื™ืขืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
02:03
As with any other workout, disciplined, structured practice in playing music
36
123339
4418
ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชืขืžืœื•ืช, ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ืฉืžืข ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื ื’ื™ื ื”
02:07
strengthens those brain functions, allowing us to apply that strength
37
127781
3909
ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืžื•ื—, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ื”
02:11
to other activities.
38
131714
1881
ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
02:13
The most obvious difference between listening to music and playing it
39
133619
3501
ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ื ื” ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ื ื’ื™ื ื”
02:17
is that the latter requires fine motor skills,
40
137144
2560
ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื,
02:19
which are controlled in both hemispheres of the brain.
41
139728
3053
ืฉื ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
02:22
It also combines the linguistic and mathematical precision,
42
142805
3308
ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™,
02:26
in which the left hemisphere is more involved,
43
146137
2245
ืฉื ื”ืื•ื ื” ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ,
02:28
with the novel and creative content that the right excels in.
44
148406
3535
ืขื ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ืžื ื™ืช ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื”.
02:31
For these reasons, playing music has been found
45
151965
2315
ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•, ื ื’ื™ื ื” ื ืžืฆืื”
02:34
to increase the volume and activity in the brain's corpus callosum,
46
154304
4556
ื›ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืจืคื•ืก ืงื•ืœื•ืกื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—,
02:38
the bridge between the two hemispheres,
47
158884
2441
ื”ื’ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืื•ื ื•ืช,
02:41
allowing messages to get across the brain faster and through more diverse routes.
48
161349
4841
ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืกืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื“ืจืš ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:46
This may allow musicians to solve problems
49
166214
2453
ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
02:48
more effectively and creatively, in both academic and social settings.
50
168691
3625
ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ื’ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื.
02:52
Because making music also involves crafting and understanding
51
172340
3876
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื’ื ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื ื”
02:56
its emotional content and message,
52
176240
2075
ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ ืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืžืกืจ,
02:58
musicians often have higher levels of executive function,
53
178339
3873
ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืจืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช,
03:02
a category of interlinked tasks
54
182236
2001
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช
03:04
that includes planning, strategizing, and attention to detail
55
184261
3635
ืฉื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืชื™ื›ื ื•ืŸ, ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื”, ื•ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื
03:07
and requires simultaneous analysis of both cognitive and emotional aspects.
56
187920
5311
ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืื ืœื™ื–ื” ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืกืคืงื˜ื™ื ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื.
03:13
This ability also has an impact on how our memory systems work.
57
193255
3223
ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช.
03:17
And, indeed, musicians exhibit enhanced memory functions,
58
197196
3229
ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจื•ืช,
03:20
creating, storing, and retrieving memories more quickly and efficiently.
59
200449
5005
ื™ืฆื™ืจื”, ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื•ืื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:25
Studies have found that musicians appear to use their highly connected brains
60
205478
3730
ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆืื• ืฉืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
03:29
to give each memory multiple tags,
61
209232
2738
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื›ืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืชื’ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื,
03:31
such as a conceptual tag, an emotional tag,
62
211994
2316
ื›ืžื• ืชื’ ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™, ืชื’ ืจื’ืฉื™,
03:34
an audio tag, and a contextual tag,
63
214334
2516
ืชื’ ืฉืžื™ืขืชื™, ื•ืชื’ ืœืคื™ ื”ืงืฉืจ,
03:36
like a good Internet search engine.
64
216874
1705
ื›ืžื• ืžื ื•ืข ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.
03:39
How do we know that all these benefits are unique to music,
65
219706
2953
ืื–, ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”,
03:42
as opposed to, say, sports or painting?
66
222683
2465
ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื ื’ื™ื“, ืœืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืื• ืฆื™ื•ืจ?
03:45
Or could it be that people who go into music
67
225172
2373
ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”
03:47
were already smarter to begin with?
68
227569
1905
ื”ื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืชื—ืœื”?
03:49
Neuroscientists have explored these issues, but so far,
69
229498
3181
ืžื“ืขื ื™ ืžื•ื— ื—ืงืจื• ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื ื’ื™ืœื•
03:52
they have found that the artistic and aesthetic aspects
70
232703
2650
ืฉื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ืืกื˜ื˜ื™ื™ื
03:55
of learning to play a musical instrument
71
235377
1953
ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืœื ื’ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื™
03:57
are different from any other activity studied, including other arts.
72
237354
4355
ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืฉื ื—ืงืจื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
04:01
And several randomized studies of participants,
73
241733
2511
ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืืงืจืื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื,
04:04
who showed the same levels
74
244268
1402
ืฉื”ืจืื• ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืจืžื•ืช
04:05
of cognitive function and neural processing at the start,
75
245694
3353
ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื•ื— ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
04:09
found that those who were exposed to a period of music learning
76
249071
3784
ืžืฆืื• ืฉืืœื” ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื• ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื ื’ื™ื ื”
04:12
showed enhancement in multiple brain areas, compared to the others.
77
252879
3304
ื”ืจืื• ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—, ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื.
04:16
This recent research about the mental benefits of playing music
78
256889
3019
ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื’ื™ื ื”
04:19
has advanced our understanding of mental function,
79
259932
2633
ืงื™ื“ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ื•ืช,
04:22
revealing the inner rhythms and complex interplay
80
262589
2912
ื•ื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช
04:25
that make up the amazing orchestra of our brain.
81
265525
2968
ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ื”ืชื–ืžื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7