Mary Roach: 10 things you didn't know about orgasm | TED

翻译人员: Wang Qian 校对人员: Liqiu Qiao

Alright.

好的。下面是几张图片

I'm going to show you a couple of images

from a very diverting paper in The Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine.

这些图片来源于

《超声医学杂志》上发表的的一篇有趣的文章。

I'm going to go way out on a limb and say that it is the most diverting paper

恕我直言，我觉得这篇文章是

《超声医学杂志》有史以来最受争议的文章。

ever published in The Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine.

The title is "Observations of In-Utero Masturbation."

标题为《子宫内自慰观察报告》。

(Laughter)

（众笑）

Okay. Now on the left you can see the hand -- that's the big arrow --

好吧。左边的是只手，在箭头所指的地方。

and the penis on the right. The hand hovering.

这个是阴茎。小手在其周围徘徊。

And over here we have,

在这呢，我们看看

in the words of radiologist Israel Meisner,

放射科医师以色列·麦斯内 是怎么说的吧，

"The hand grasping the penis in a fashion resembling masturbation movements."

“手持阴茎的动作近似于自慰活动。”

Bear in mind this was an ultrasound,

大家别忘了，这是张超声波图像。

so it would have been moving images.

所以我们可以看到动态影像。

Orgasm is a reflex of the autonomic nervous system.

性高潮是自主神经系统的反射作用。

Now, this is the part of the nervous system

自主神经系统

that deals with the things that we don't consciously control,

掌管我们无意识控制的活动。

like digestion, heart rate and sexual arousal.

比如，食物消化，心率，性冲动等。

And the orgasm reflex can be triggered by a surprisingly broad range of input.

这个神经系统激起相关器官的反射作用

靠的是花样繁多的输入

Genital stimulation. Duh.

阴部刺激。咄。

But also, Kinsey interviewed a woman

此外，金赛（20世纪美国著名的生物学家和人类性学科学研究者）采访过一位妇女，

who could be brought to orgasm by having someone stroke her eyebrow.

这名女子

仅靠抚摸眉毛就可以到到高潮。

People with spinal cord injuries,

脊椎受伤的人，

like paraplegias, quadriplegias,

比如，下肢瘫痪，四肢瘫痪的人

will often develop a very, very sensitive area

身体部分区域会变得异常敏感

right above the level of their injury,

瘫痪部位以上，

wherever that is.

任何一个区域都有可能。

There is such a thing as a knee orgasm in the literature.

文献中还有记载过“膝盖高潮”（knee orgasm）

I think the most curious one that I came across

不过我所见过最为奇特的

was a case report of a woman

是这样一位女子

who had an orgasm every time she brushed her teeth.

她每次刷牙都会达到性高潮。

(Laughter)

（众笑）

Something in the complex sensory-motor action of brushing her teeth

这还真是奇事一桩

光是刷牙的触觉

was triggering orgasm.

就足以引发高潮

And she went to a neurologist, who was fascinated.

她跑去看神经科医生，医生对此很感兴趣

He checked to see if it was something in the toothpaste,

他检查牙膏，看看是不是其中的特殊成分有作用

but no -- it happened with any brand.

但是，不管什么牌子的牙膏都对该女子有效

They stimulated her gums with a toothpick, to see if that was doing it.

医生们用

牙签刺激她的牙龈，看看是否同样有效

No. It was the whole, you know, motion.

一点儿也不管用，要知道，是刷牙整个动作给她快感。

And the amazing thing to me

让我吃惊的是，

is that you would think this woman would have excellent oral hygiene.

我本以为她会

又一口皓齿

(Laughter)

（众笑）

Sadly -- this is what it said in the journal paper --

可惜的是，听听一期医学刊上的引言，

“该女子自认被魔鬼附身，”

"She believed that she was possessed by demons

and switched to mouthwash for her oral care."

“转用漱口水来保持口腔卫生。”

It's so sad.

真是令人惋惜

(Laughter)

（众笑）

When I was working on the book,

为了写一本书，我采访过一位女子

I interviewed a woman who can think herself to orgasm.

她仅凭意念就可以达到高潮

She was part of a study at Rutgers University.

她是罗格斯大学（Rutgers University）研究计划的一部分

You've got to love that. Rutgers.

研究人员一定会喜欢我这个采访的。

So I interviewed her in Oakland, in a sushi restaurant.

我在奥克兰（加州第八大城市）

一家寿司店和她会面

And I said, "So, could you do it right here?"

我问道“你能在这儿做吗？”

And she said,

她回答“当然可以，但你要不介意，我们吃完饭再说好吗？”

"Yeah, but you know I'd rather finish my meal if you don't mind."

（众笑）

(Laughter)

But afterwards, she was kind enough to demonstrate on a bench outside.

后来，她向我展示她的特异

不过是在餐厅外的长椅上

It was remarkable. It took about one minute.

真的是难以置信。总共一分钟左右。

And I said to her,

事后我问她

"Are you just doing this all the time?"

“你是不是整天都这样？”

(Laughter)

（众笑）

She said, "No. Honestly, when I get home, I'm usually too tired."

她答道“不，老实讲，我每次到家的时候就已经筋疲力竭了。”

(Laughter)

（众笑）

She said that the last time she had done it

她说距今天最近的一次

was on the Disneyland tram.

是在迪斯尼乐园的有轨电车上

(Laughter)

（众笑）

The headquarters for orgasm, along the spinal nerve,

除了脊神经，高潮的

is something called the sacral nerve root,

“总部”位于骶神经。就是这儿

which is back here.

And if you trigger, if you stimulate with an electrode,

要是你用电极刺激这儿

the precise spot, you will trigger an orgasm.

就是这儿，你就能引发一场高潮

And it is a fact that you can trigger spinal reflexes in dead people --

同理，死人也会有脊髓反射

只要你用电极刺激

a certain kind of dead person, a beating-heart cadaver.

有一种死人，尚有呼吸的死人

Now this is somebody who is brain-dead,

脑死亡的人

legally dead, definitely checked out,

在法律规定义下就是正式死亡

but is being kept alive on a respirator,

但靠呼吸机维持基体运转

so that their organs will be oxygenated for transplantation.

各个器官也供氧充足

以待器官采摘移植给他人

Now in one of these brain-dead people,

要是你刺激他们身体相应的区域

if you trigger the right spot,

在这些尸体身上

you will see something every now and then.

你常常会看到

There is a reflex called the Lazarus reflex.

一种叫拉萨路反射（Lazarus reflex）的现象

And this is -- I'll demonstrate as best I can, not being dead.

我尽量向大家展示，尽量用我的活体展示

It's like this. You trigger the spot.

就这样，刺激这儿

The dead guy, or gal, goes... like that.

尸体，或男或女，就会……这样

Very unsettling for people working in pathology labs.

不过，多病例实验室的人来说，有点惊悚

(Laughter)

（众笑）

Now, if you can trigger the Lazarus reflex in a dead person,

要是能在死人身上激起拉萨路反射（Lazarus reflex）

why not the orgasm reflex?

那有没有可能在死人身上唤起高潮呢？

I asked this question to a brain death expert,

我问了一个研究脑死亡的专家

Stephanie Mann, who was foolish enough to return my emails.

斯蒂芬妮·曼，她也大出意料傻傻的的回了我的邮件

(Laughter)

（众笑）

I said, "So, could you conceivably trigger an orgasm in a dead person?"

我问 “你能令人信服的

在死人身上激起高潮吗？”

She said, "Yes, if the sacral nerve is being oxygenated,

她回到到“能，只要骶神经供氧充足，

你可以令人信服的做到。”

you conceivably could."

Obviously it wouldn't be as much fun for the person.

但显然对于被试着没有任何乐趣可言。“

But it would be an orgasm --

但高潮终归是高潮--

(Laughter)

（众笑）

nonetheless.

然而，

There is a researcher at the University of Alabama

我推荐给一位研究者，一位阿拉巴马大学的

研究高潮的学者

who does orgasm research.

I said to her, "You should do an experiment.

我对她说，”你该做做这个实验，

You know? You can get cadavers if you work at a university."

要知道，在大学工作，弄到尸体轻而易举

I said, "You should actually do this."

我说，“你该做这项实验”

She said, "You get the human subjects review board approval for this one."

她道“你该去弄人体试验复查委员会的批准。”

(Laughter)

（众笑）

According to 1930s marriage manual author,

根据上世纪三十年代婚姻指南手册作者

Theodoor van De Velde,

西奥多·范·德·威尔德

a slight seminal odor can be detected on the breath of a woman

交合后一小时内，女子口中会有一点

within about an hour after sexual intercourse.

精液的味道

Theodoor van De Velde was something of a semen connoisseur.

西奥多 范 德 威尔德倒是个精液鉴赏家

(Laughter)

（众笑）

This is a guy writing a book, "Ideal Marriage," you know.

要知道该人写了一本名为《理想婚姻》的书

他可是异性恋的铁杆主张者

Very heavy hetero guy.

But he wrote in this book, "Ideal Marriage" --

但在《理想婚姻中》他写道

he said that he could differentiate between the semen of a young man,

他能辨别青年男子和壮年男子的精液

which he said had a fresh, exhilarating smell,

青年男子的精液有几种新鲜，令人愉悦的气息

and the semen of mature men, whose semen smelled, quote,

而壮年男子呢，

用他的话来说，

"Remarkably like that of the flowers of the Spanish chestnut.

“闻起来像极了西班牙栗子树的花香”

Sometimes quite freshly floral,

时有鲜花的芬芳，

and then again sometimes extremely pungent."

时而又有过于浓郁。“

(Laughter)

（众笑）

Okay. In 1999, in the state of Israel, a man began hiccupping.

好吧，1999年，以色列国

一男子开始打嗝

And this was one of those cases that went on and on.

不幸的是就像众多病例一样，嗝打个不停

He tried everything his friends suggested.

他试遍了朋友们推荐的方法

Nothing seemed to help.

但作用一点没起

Days went by.

日子一天一天过去。突然一天，这个男子

At a certain point, the man, still hiccupping, had sex with his wife.

当然还是不停的打嗝，和他的妻子做爱

And lo and behold, the hiccups went away.

这是奇迹发生了，打嗝停止了

He told his doctor, who published a case report

他告诉医生，医生把病例分析发表在

in a Canadian medical journal under the title,

加拿大一个医学期刊上，题为

"Sexual Intercourse as a Potential Treatment for Intractable Hiccups."

《性交作为

顽固打嗝的潜在治疗法》

I love this article because at a certain point they suggested

我很喜欢这篇文章，因为某种程度上建议

that unattached hiccuppers could try masturbation.

单身打嗝病人去自慰来解决问题

(Laughter)

（众笑）

I love that because there is like a whole demographic: unattached hiccuppers.

我觉得这主意很妙，人口统计上的新一页，单身打嗝病人

(Laughter)

（众笑）

Married, single, unattached hiccupper.

已婚打嗝病人，未婚打嗝病人，单身打嗝病人

In the 1900s, early 1900s,

在二十世纪，二十世纪初

a lot of gynecologists believed that when a woman has an orgasm,

众多妇科病专家认为

但妇女经理高潮时

the contractions serve to suck the semen up through the cervix

子宫收缩能将精液吸入宫颈

and sort of deliver it really quickly to the egg,

并快速的将精子传递给卵子

thereby upping the odds of conception.

这样可以增加受孕机会

It was called the "upsuck" theory.

这个被称作”上吸理论“

(Laughter)

（众笑）

我们要是追溯到希波克拉底（古希腊医师，西方医学之父）时代

If you go all the way back to Hippocrates,

physicians believed that orgasm in women

医生们坚信，女性高潮

was not just helpful for conception, but necessary.

不仅对受孕有利，同时也是十分必要的

Doctors back then were routinely telling men

那时候，医生都会按惯例告诉男子

the importance of pleasuring their wives.

取悦他们妻子的重要性

Marriage-manual author and semen-sniffer Theodoor van De Velde --

婚姻手册作者兼精液探测器

西奥多·范·德·威尔德

(Laughter)

（众笑）

has a line in his book.

曾在书中这样写道

I loved this guy.

我真是太喜欢这个人了，西奥多·范·德·威尔德可真是个里程碑式人物

I got a lot of mileage out of Theodoor van De Velde.

He had this line in his book

他曾在书中这样写道

that supposedly comes from the Habsburg Monarchy,

据说语出哈布斯堡君主国（包括了自1804年到1867年期间的奥地利帝国和1867年到1918年的奥匈帝国）

where there was an empress Maria Theresa,

女王玛丽亚·特蕾西亚

who was having trouble conceiving.

一直没能怀孕

And apparently the royal court physician said to her,

很明显，皇家医生会对她说

"I am of the opinion that the vulva of your most sacred majesty

”鄙人以为，

您神圣的阴部

be titillated for some time prior to intercourse."

在交合前需要稍适爱抚一下。“

(Laughter)

（众笑）

It's apparently, I don't know, on the record somewhere.

很明显，我也不是很清楚在哪，史料上应该会有记载。

Masters and Johnson:

马斯特和强生（二者皆为美国性研究家）：现在我们来看看二十世纪五十年代。

now we're moving forward to the 1950s.

Masters and Johnson were upsuck skeptics,

马斯特和强生对”上吸理论“持怀疑态度

which is also really fun to say.

或者风趣点来说，

They didn't buy it.

他们要跟不买账

And they decided, being Masters and Johnson,

所以，他们决定要名流青史，

that they would get to the bottom of it.

弄个究竟。

They brought women into the lab -- I think it was five women --

他们找到若干女性作为研究对象，好象是五位

and outfitted them with cervical caps containing artificial semen.

让她们带上子宫套

套中有人造精液

And in the artificial semen was a radio-opaque substance,

精液中又有

放射线不透性物质

such that it would show up on an X-ray.

这样可以在X光下成像

This is the 1950s.

这可是上世纪五十年代

Anyway, these women sat in front of an X-ray device.

不管怎样，这些女性受试者坐在X光仪器前

And they masturbated.

自慰

And Masters and Johnson looked to see if the semen was being sucked up.

以供马斯特和强生观察精液是否会被吸起

Did not find any evidence of upsuck.

迹象表明，没有任何吸起

You may be wondering, "How do you make artificial semen?"

也许你会想”人造精子是怎么做得？“

(Laughter)

（众笑）

I have an answer for you. I have two answers.

我知道，这儿有两种说法

You can use flour and water, or cornstarch and water.

面粉加水，或玉米淀粉加水

I actually found three separate recipes in the literature.

其实，我在文献中找到三个独立的配方

(Laughter)

（众笑）

My favorite being the one that says --

我最喜欢的一个是这样的，

you know, they have the ingredients listed,

要知道，各个成分都是列出来的，

and then in a recipe it will say, for example,

然后会，比如说，

"Yield: two dozen cupcakes."

”该配方可供制作：12个纸杯蛋糕“

This one said, "Yield: one ejaculate."

这个精液配方上可是”给配方可供制作：一射精量精液“

(Laughter)

（众笑）

There's another way that orgasm might boost fertility.

这儿还有一个高潮有助生育的说法，

This one involves men.

男性在其中也有分量，

Sperm that sit around in the body for a week or more

在女性体内存活了一周甚至更久的精子

start to develop abnormalities

会产生异变

that make them less effective at head-banging their way into the egg.

这样精子会比较难一头冲进

卵子

British sexologist Roy Levin has speculated

英国性学家罗伊列文

推测这可能是为何男子

that this is perhaps why men

会进化成喜欢高频率自慰

evolved to be such enthusiastic and frequent masturbators.

He said, "If I keep tossing myself off I get fresh sperm being made."

他说到”要是我一直自慰，

新鲜精子就会源源产生。“

Which I thought was an interesting idea, theory.

这个主意，不，理论，其实挺有趣的

So now you have an evolutionary excuse.

现在诸位，你们有了一个进化理论支撑的借口啦

(Laughter)

（众笑）

Okay.

好吧

(Laughter)

（众笑）

All righty. There is considerable evidence for upsuck in the animal kingdom --

好的。但是动物世界却有明显的上吸迹象

pigs, for instance.

比如，猪

In Denmark, the Danish National Committee for Pig Production

在丹麦，丹麦国家猪繁殖委员会

found out that if you sexually stimulate a sow

发现，要是

母猪在人工配种时性唤起

while you artificially inseminate her,

产仔量会上升6个百分点

you will see a six-percent increase in the farrowing rate,

也就是说更多的小猪崽会出生

which is the number of piglets produced.

So they came up with this five-point stimulation plan for the sows.

然后一个方案应运而生，为的是把

猪的产仔量再提高5个百分点

There is posters they put in the barn, and they have a DVD.

宣传海报贴满了牲口棚

DVD分发给农民

And I got a copy of this DVD.

我也有这DVD

(Laughter)

（众笑）

This is my unveiling, because I am going to show you a clip.

这可是独家揭露。我会放一小段视频给大家

(Laughter)

（众笑）

So, okay.

好的，

Now, here we go, la la la, off to work.

开始了，啦啦啦，去工作，

It all looks very innocent.

看起来还有天真烂漫

He's going to be doing things with his hands

接下来他会用双手

that the boar would use his snout, lacking hands. Okay.

不过公猪没手，只能用鼻子，好吧，

(Laughter)

（众笑）

This is it.

就这样，公猪的求偶节目有点奇怪

The boar has a very odd courtship repertoire.

(Laughter)

（众笑）

This is to mimic the weight of the boar.

这是模仿公猪的重量

(Laughter)

（众笑）

You should know, the clitoris of the pig is inside the vagina.

要知道，母猪的阴蒂在阴道内

So this may be sort of titillating for her.

所以，这对母猪来说还是有快感的，就这样

Here we go.

(Laughter)

（众笑）

And the happy result.

结果皆大欢喜

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

I love this video.

我很喜欢这视频

There is a point in this video, towards the beginning,

视频开头还颇具教育意义

where they zoom in for a close up of his hand with his wedding ring,

就在农民手部特写那段，镜头给他手上的结婚戒指一个大大的特写

好像想告诉观众”好吧，这是他的工作。他喜欢的还是人类女性“

as if to say, "It's okay, it's just his job.

He really does like women."

(Laughter)

（众笑）

Okay. When I was in Denmark, my host was named Anne Marie.

好吧，我住在丹麦时，招待我的女主人名叫安·玛丽

我问她”为什么我直接刺激母猪的阴蒂？

And I said, "So why don't you just stimulate the clitoris of the pig?

Why don't you have the farmers do that?

为什么我让农民这样做那？

That's not one of your five steps."

这不是5步中的一步吗

I have to read you what she said, because I love it.

她答道，你一定要听听原话，我真是爱死这个了

她说

She said, "It was a big hurdle

just to get farmers to touch underneath the vulva.

”光是让农民触摸母猪的有阴部就够困难的了，

So we thought, let's not mention the clitoris right now."

就更别提阴蒂啦。“

(Laughter)

（众笑）

Shy but ambitious pig farmers, however, can purchase a -- this is true --

但是有点害羞但有雄心壮志的农民呢，可以买这个，这可是真的

a sow vibrator,

母猪振荡器

that hangs on the sperm feeder tube to vibrate.

这东西连接着精子输送管振动

Because, as I mentioned, the clitoris is inside the vagina.

原因呢，正如我所说的

母猪的阴蒂在阴道内

So possibly, you know, a little more arousing than it looks.

所以，这东西带来的快感还是比表面上看起来的多得多的

And I also said to her,

并且，我问了女主人，

"Now, these sows. I mean, you may have noticed there.

”但是这些母猪，我的意思是，也许你也注意到了，

The sow doesn't look to be in the throes of ecstasy."

这些母猪看起来不是很乐在其中啊。“

And she said, you can't make that conclusion,

她说”这么说就没道理啦，

because animals don't register pain or pleasure

因为，你不能用人的标准去衡量猪

人会把痛苦或快感写在脸上，但猪不是这样的。

on their faces in the same way that we do.

猪呢，打个比方，更像狗，

Pigs, for example, are more like dogs.

They use the upper half of the face; the ears are very expressive.

用脸的上半部分传达信息，动耳朵就是很好的表现

So you're not really sure what's going on with the pig.

所以，你也不能准确的把握猪的感受

Primates, on the other hand, we use our mouths more.

另一方面，作为灵长类动物，我们人类更趋向于用嘴

This is the ejaculation face of the stump-tailed macaque.

这是藏酋猴射精时的面部表情

(Laughter)

（众笑）

And, interestingly, this has been observed in female macaques,

并且，有趣的是，这个表情也会在雌性藏酋猴脸上看到

but only when mounting another female.

不过是在它和另一只雌性藏酋猴交尾时

(Laughter)

（众笑）

Masters and Johnson.

马斯特和强生在20世纪50年代决定

In the 1950s, they decided, okay, we're going to figure out

要研究透彻整个人类性反应链

the entire human sexual response cycle,

from arousal, all the way through orgasm, in men and women --

从性冲动到高潮，从男人到女人

everything that happens in the human body.

人体在期间的一切反应

Okay, with women, a lot of this is happening inside.

对女性来说，这些反应都发生在体内

This did not stop Masters and Johnson.

但这并没有阻止马斯特和强生的步伐

They developed an artificial coition machine.

他们研制出一种仿真交媾仪

This is basically a penis camera on a motor.

这东西基本上是个有摄像机的仿真阴茎连着一个马达

There is a phallus,

这是一个阴茎

clear acrylic phallus, with a camera and a light source,

丙烯制作的，内嵌摄像机和照明部件

attached to a motor that is kind of going like this.

连接在一个这样运转的马达上

And the woman would have sex with it.

然后，被试着与其性交

That is what they would do. Pretty amazing.

他们就是用这种方法，听惊人的

Sadly, this device has been dismantled.

可惜的是，这仪器被拆毁了

This just kills me, not because I wanted to use it --

真是太令我难过了。我并不是想要一个

I wanted to see it.

只是想亲眼看看

(Laughter)

（众笑）

One fine day,

一个阳光明媚的一天

Alfred Kinsey decided to calculate

阿尔佛雷德·金赛（前面提及的美国性学家）决定

计算精子射出的平均距离

the average distance traveled by ejaculated semen.

This was not idle curiosity.

这可并非单为满足奇思怪想

Doctor Kinsey had heard --

金赛博士听说过

and there was a theory going around at the time, this being the 1940s --

这样一个理论，那时是40年代

that the force with which semen is thrown against the cervix

精子

射入宫颈的力度

was a factor in fertility.

是确保生育的一大因素

Kinsey thought it was bunk, so he got to work.

金赛觉得这理论是空谈，所以他要用实践检验

He got together in his lab

他在实验室聚集了

300 men, a measuring tape, and a movie camera.

300名男子，测量卷尺和摄像机

(Laughter)

（众笑）

And in fact, he found that in three quarters of the men

事实上他发现

其中四分之三的男子的精液

the stuff just kind of slopped out.

只是溢出

It wasn't spurted or thrown or ejected under great force.

而非很有力的喷出射出

However, the record holder

但是，有一个“冠军”的

landed just shy of the eight-foot mark, which is impressive.

“射程”竟达8英尺（约2.43米），挺惊人的

（众笑）

(Laughter)

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

Yes. Exactly.

是啊，没错

(Laughter)

（众笑）

Sadly, he's anonymous. His name is not mentioned.

可惜的是，这些被试着是匿名的，他的名字没有被提及

(Laughter)

在他的文章中

In his write-up of this experiment in his book,

在他的文章中，金赛没提他的名字

Kinsey wrote,

金赛，写道

"Two sheets were laid down to protect the oriental carpets."

“两张床单被铺在地上以防沾污地毯。”

(Laughter)

（众笑）

Which is my second favorite line in the entire oeuvre of Alfred Kinsey.

这是金赛所有文献中

我第二最喜欢的一句话

My favorite being, "Cheese crumbs spread before a pair of copulating rats

我最喜欢的呢，是“把芝士摆在交媾的老鼠前，

will distract the female, but not the male."

收吸引的是雌鼠而非雄鼠。“

(Laughter)

（众笑）

Thank you very much.

十分感谢

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

Thanks!

谢谢！