Mary Roach: 10 things you didn't know about orgasm | TED

譯者: Yu-Ju Chiang 審譯者: Ching-Yi Wu

Alright.

好的，現在我要給大家看一些圖片

I'm going to show you a couple of images

from a very diverting paper in The Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine.

取自一篇非常有趣的論文

刊登在超音波醫學期刊上

I'm going to go way out on a limb and say that it is the most diverting paper

我要大膽的說, 這是超音波醫學期刊

刊登過最具娛樂性的論文

ever published in The Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine.

The title is "Observations of In-Utero Masturbation."

論文的標題是〈子宮內手淫的觀察〉

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Okay. Now on the left you can see the hand -- that's the big arrow --

好,現在左邊你看到的是手,在大箭頭所指的地方

and the penis on the right. The hand hovering.

右邊是陰莖,在手的旁邊

And over here we have,

然後這邊我們看到的是

in the words of radiologist Israel Meisner,

引用放射線醫師Israel Meizner的話

"The hand grasping the penis in a fashion resembling masturbation movements."

「手握住陰莖做出類似手淫的動作」

Bear in mind this was an ultrasound,

請記住,這是超音波

so it would have been moving images.

所以這應該是動態圖片

Orgasm is a reflex of the autonomic nervous system.

性高潮是自主神經系統的反射反應

Now, this is the part of the nervous system

這部份神經系統

that deals with the things that we don't consciously control,

處理的是我們無法以意志控制的事情

like digestion, heart rate and sexual arousal.

就像是消化、心跳、性慾

And the orgasm reflex can be triggered by a surprisingly broad range of input.

激發性高潮反射的外在刺激

出乎意料的多樣

Genital stimulation. Duh.

生殖器官的刺激，老套！

But also, Kinsey interviewed a woman

金賽博士就曾經訪談過一個女人

who could be brought to orgasm by having someone stroke her eyebrow.

只要有人撫摸她的眉毛

就會達到性高潮

People with spinal cord injuries,

脊椎有損傷的人

like paraplegias, quadriplegias,

像是下半身痲痹或四肢癱瘓的人

will often develop a very, very sensitive area

身體會發展出一個非常敏感的區域

right above the level of their injury,

通常在受傷區域上方

wherever that is.

無論傷處為何

There is such a thing as a knee orgasm in the literature.

在文獻中也有所謂膝高潮的記錄

I think the most curious one that I came across

我覺得最有趣的則是

was a case report of a woman

一項案例報告中記錄一個

who had an orgasm every time she brushed her teeth.

只要刷牙就會高潮的女人

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Something in the complex sensory-motor action of brushing her teeth

也就是某種複雜、

由刷牙的動作引發的感官刺激

was triggering orgasm.

激起了性高潮

And she went to a neurologist, who was fascinated.

她看的神經科醫師，也覺得驚訝不已

He checked to see if it was something in the toothpaste,

連牙膏的成份都檢驗過了

but no -- it happened with any brand.

不過，跟牙膏無關。任何牙膏都同樣有效。

They stimulated her gums with a toothpick, to see if that was doing it.

他們還用牙籤刺激她的牙齦

看看是否是牙齦的問題

No. It was the whole, you know, motion.

也不是，那是一整個...就是...動作

And the amazing thing to me

讓我感到驚訝的是

is that you would think this woman would have excellent oral hygiene.

大家可能覺得這個女人

牙齒一定超乾淨的

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Sadly -- this is what it said in the journal paper --

不幸的，期刊論文上寫道

「她深信自己被魔鬼附身了」

"She believed that she was possessed by demons

and switched to mouthwash for her oral care."

「從此不敢刷牙只漱口」

It's so sad.

真的很可憐

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

When I was working on the book,

寫書的時候，我做了一些訪問

I interviewed a woman who can think herself to orgasm.

我訪問過一個光想的就能高潮的女人

She was part of a study at Rutgers University.

她參與了 Rutgers 大學的一項研究

You've got to love that. Rutgers.

Rutgers 真是太酷了

So I interviewed her in Oakland, in a sushi restaurant.

我和她的訪問就在奧克蘭

在一間日式料理餐廳中進行

And I said, "So, could you do it right here?"

我問：「所以,妳在這邊也可以？」

And she said,

她答：「是啊，如果妳不介意的話我想先把飯吃完。」

"Yeah, but you know I'd rather finish my meal if you don't mind."

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

But afterwards, she was kind enough to demonstrate on a bench outside.

吃完飯後,她很好心的示範給我看

在餐廳外的長椅上

It was remarkable. It took about one minute.

真是太神奇了!只花了一分鐘

And I said to her,

我跟她說

"Are you just doing this all the time?"

「妳該不會常常這樣做吧？」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

She said, "No. Honestly, when I get home, I'm usually too tired."

她說：「才不，老實說我回到家時常常都累趴了。」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

She said that the last time she had done it

她說上一次她這樣做

was on the Disneyland tram.

是在迪士尼的單軌電車上

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

The headquarters for orgasm, along the spinal nerve,

性高潮的中樞位在脊神經

is something called the sacral nerve root,

我們稱為薦神經根的地方, 就在這裡

which is back here.

And if you trigger, if you stimulate with an electrode,

如果你用電極刺激

the precise spot, you will trigger an orgasm.

這個特定的區域, 就可以激發性高潮

And it is a fact that you can trigger spinal reflexes in dead people --

事實證明，你也能在死人身上

刺激這樣的脊椎反射

a certain kind of dead person, a beating-heart cadaver.

有一種特定的死亡狀態, 軀體死亡心臟還在跳動

Now this is somebody who is brain-dead,

就是所謂的腦死

legally dead, definitely checked out,

法理上判定死亡, 確定腦死

but is being kept alive on a respirator,

但是以呼吸器維持生命

so that their organs will be oxygenated for transplantation.

讓器官仍有充足氧氣供給

以利移植

Now in one of these brain-dead people,

如果在腦死病人身上

if you trigger the right spot,

刺激正確的區域

you will see something every now and then.

你會看到一些斷斷續續的反應

There is a reflex called the Lazarus reflex.

這種反射稱為 Lazarus 反射

And this is -- I'll demonstrate as best I can, not being dead.

這個反射...我盡量示範給大家看, 不是示範腦死

It's like this. You trigger the spot.

像這樣, 你刺激那個點

The dead guy, or gal, goes... like that.

死掉的男人或女人就會...像這樣

Very unsettling for people working in pathology labs.

這對在病理實驗室工作的人來說是很恐怖的事

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Now, if you can trigger the Lazarus reflex in a dead person,

如果你可以刺激死去的人產生 Lazarus 反射

why not the orgasm reflex?

那性高潮的反射也可以吧?

I asked this question to a brain death expert,

我曾問過一個腦死方面的專家這個問題

Stephanie Mann, who was foolish enough to return my emails.

就是 Stephanie Mann，沒想到她竟然傻傻的回我的 e-mail

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I said, "So, could you conceivably trigger an orgasm in a dead person?"

我問 「那麼, 理論上」

「你可以刺激死人讓他高潮嗎？」

She said, "Yes, if the sacral nerve is being oxygenated,

她回說「是， 只要薦神經有足夠氧氣」

「理論上是可以的」

you conceivably could."

Obviously it wouldn't be as much fun for the person.

當然死人一點都爽不到

But it would be an orgasm --

不過至少「高潮」了呀

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

nonetheless.

即使如此

There is a researcher at the University of Alabama

我還是建議....一位阿拉巴馬大學

從事性高潮研究的研究員

who does orgasm research.

I said to her, "You should do an experiment.

我告訴她：「妳該做這個實驗」

You know? You can get cadavers if you work at a university."

「妳知道嗎？妳在大學工作可以取得屍體做研究耶」

I said, "You should actually do this."

我說：「妳真的應該試看看。」

She said, "You get the human subjects review board approval for this one."

她回我：「那妳幫我向人體實驗審查委員會取得這研究的許可」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

According to 1930s marriage manual author,

根據 1930 年代婚姻手冊的作者

Theodoor van De Velde,

Theodoor Van de Velde,

a slight seminal odor can be detected on the breath of a woman

性行為後一小時內

within about an hour after sexual intercourse.

可以從女人的口氣中聞出些微精液的味道

Theodoor van De Velde was something of a semen connoisseur.

Theodoor Van de Velde 可以說是精液的大師

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

This is a guy writing a book, "Ideal Marriage," you know.

這個人寫了一本書叫《理想的婚姻》

他是個超級異性戀

Very heavy hetero guy.

But he wrote in this book, "Ideal Marriage" --

但是他在《理想的婚姻》中卻寫

he said that he could differentiate between the semen of a young man,

他可以分辨年輕男子的精液

which he said had a fresh, exhilarating smell,

味道清新, 是令人神清氣爽的味道

and the semen of mature men, whose semen smelled, quote,

而成熟男人的精液

我引述書的內容

"Remarkably like that of the flowers of the Spanish chestnut.

「聞起來非常像是西班牙栗樹的花香」

Sometimes quite freshly floral,

「有時候是很類似清新的花香」

and then again sometimes extremely pungent."

「但是有時候卻極度辛辣刺鼻」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）（5.還能治療打嗝喔！）

Okay. In 1999, in the state of Israel, a man began hiccupping.

好的，1999年在以色列

有個男人不停打嗝

And this was one of those cases that went on and on.

跟那些老掉牙的故事一樣

He tried everything his friends suggested.

他試過所有朋友介紹的偏方

Nothing seemed to help.

卻沒有任何幫助

Days went by.

好幾天過去了，就在某天，

At a certain point, the man, still hiccupping, had sex with his wife.

這個還在打嗝的男人跟他老婆做愛

And lo and behold, the hiccups went away.

誰知道他竟然停止打隔了!

He told his doctor, who published a case report

他告訴醫生這件事，他的醫生還因此發表了一篇報告

in a Canadian medical journal under the title,

某個加拿大醫學期刊下了這樣的標題

"Sexual Intercourse as a Potential Treatment for Intractable Hiccups."

〈性行為─

止嗝的潛在療法〉

I love this article because at a certain point they suggested

我超愛這篇文章是因為在某個部分他們建議

that unattached hiccuppers could try masturbation.

非持續性打嗝的人可以試著自慰來止嗝

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I love that because there is like a whole demographic: unattached hiccuppers.

我愛這文章是因為裡頭有個統計：非持續性打嗝者

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Married, single, unattached hiccupper.

已婚、未婚的非持續性打嗝者

In the 1900s, early 1900s,

在1900年代、1900年代早期

a lot of gynecologists believed that when a woman has an orgasm,

有很多婦科專家相信

當女人達到性高潮

the contractions serve to suck the semen up through the cervix

肌肉的收縮具有將精液往上吸進子宮頸的功能

and sort of deliver it really quickly to the egg,

這樣可以使精子快點達到卵子

thereby upping the odds of conception.

因此增加受精機率

It was called the "upsuck" theory.

被稱為「上吸」理論

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

如果回溯到希波克拉底的時代

If you go all the way back to Hippocrates,

physicians believed that orgasm in women

治療師相信女人的性高潮

was not just helpful for conception, but necessary.

不只能幫助受孕，還是受孕的必要條件

Doctors back then were routinely telling men

那時候的醫生常常告訴男人們

the importance of pleasuring their wives.

取悅妻子的重要性

Marriage-manual author and semen-sniffer Theodoor van De Velde --

婚姻手冊作者兼精液氣味專家

Theodore Van de Velde

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

has a line in his book.

寫了一段話

I loved this guy.

我太愛這個傢伙。我從他那邊學到很多東西

I got a lot of mileage out of Theodoor van De Velde.

He had this line in his book

他在書中寫了這麼一段話

that supposedly comes from the Habsburg Monarchy,

應該是來自哈布斯堡王朝

where there was an empress Maria Theresa,

以前那裡有位女王Maria Theresa

who was having trouble conceiving.

她一直無法懷孕

And apparently the royal court physician said to her,

御醫告訴她說

"I am of the opinion that the vulva of your most sacred majesty

「我建議」

「'女王您那神聖不可侵犯的外陰部位」

be titillated for some time prior to intercourse."

「在性交前應該要經過一些時間的挑逗」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

It's apparently, I don't know, on the record somewhere.

應該是...我不知道...在某個文獻上有記載

Masters and Johnson:

時間來到1950年代，性學研究者

now we're moving forward to the 1950s.

Masters and Johnson were upsuck skeptics,

Masters跟Johnson為「上吸」理論的懷疑論者

which is also really fun to say.

換個有趣的說法：

They didn't buy it.

他們不吃這套

And they decided, being Masters and Johnson,

而且決定，身為性學專家

that they would get to the bottom of it.

他們要追根究柢

They brought women into the lab -- I think it was five women --

他們雇了幾個女人到實驗室，我想應該有五個

and outfitted them with cervical caps containing artificial semen.

替他們裝了子宮頸帽

內含人工精液

And in the artificial semen was a radio-opaque substance,

在人工精液裡

加入了放射線不能透過去的物質

such that it would show up on an X-ray.

因此可以呈現在X光照片中

This is the 1950s.

當時是1950年代

Anyway, these women sat in front of an X-ray device.

那些女人坐在X光裝置的前面

And they masturbated.

然後她們自慰

And Masters and Johnson looked to see if the semen was being sucked up.

Masters和Johnson觀察精液是否被吸上去

Did not find any evidence of upsuck.

並沒有發現任何「上吸」的現象

You may be wondering, "How do you make artificial semen?"

你可能會想，人工精液怎麼做啊?

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I have an answer for you. I have two answers.

我準備了兩個答案

You can use flour and water, or cornstarch and water.

你可以用麵粉和水，或是玉米粉和水

I actually found three separate recipes in the literature.

我還真的在文獻中找到三種不同的「食譜」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

My favorite being the one that says --

我最喜歡的一個上面寫了

you know, they have the ingredients listed,

你知道，食譜都會列出食材

and then in a recipe it will say, for example,

而且食譜中通常會寫，舉例來說

"Yield: two dozen cupcakes."

「分量：24個小蛋糕」

This one said, "Yield: one ejaculate."

這個是寫：「分量：一次射精量」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

There's another way that orgasm might boost fertility.

還有一個利用性高潮增加受精機率的方法

This one involves men.

這個方法牽涉到男人

Sperm that sit around in the body for a week or more

精子停留在身體裡超過一個星期後

start to develop abnormalities

會開始產生異常

that make them less effective at head-banging their way into the egg.

這讓它們一路直衝到卵子

的效率降低

British sexologist Roy Levin has speculated

英國的性學家Roy Levin

猜測這可能是為什麼男人們

that this is perhaps why men

演化成對於自慰如此熱衷且頻繁

evolved to be such enthusiastic and frequent masturbators.

He said, "If I keep tossing myself off I get fresh sperm being made."

他說：「如果我經常清理精液」

「那我的身體就會製作更多新鮮的精子」

Which I thought was an interesting idea, theory.

我覺得這是個很有趣的想法、理論

So now you have an evolutionary excuse.

所以你現在自慰可以拿演化當藉口了

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Okay.

很好

(Laughter)

（笑聲）（7.豬農也受惠）

All righty. There is considerable evidence for upsuck in the animal kingdom --

好了，在動物界卻有相當多的證據證明上吸理論

pigs, for instance.

例如，豬

In Denmark, the Danish National Committee for Pig Production

在丹麥的豬隻生產國家委員會

found out that if you sexually stimulate a sow

發現如果

愛撫母豬的同時進行人工授精

while you artificially inseminate her,

每胎產下的小豬數量

you will see a six-percent increase in the farrowing rate,

會增加百分之六

which is the number of piglets produced.

So they came up with this five-point stimulation plan for the sows.

所以他們想出了這個，對母豬進行

「五點刺激步驟」的方法

There is posters they put in the barn, and they have a DVD.

而且讓農夫們...在農場裡貼了一些海報

他們還有DVD

And I got a copy of this DVD.

我這邊有拷貝一份

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

This is my unveiling, because I am going to show you a clip.

我要在現場播放片段，將影片公諸於世

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So, okay.

所以，好

Now, here we go, la la la, off to work.

現在我們看到的是...啦啦啦，重點來了

It all looks very innocent.

現在看起來一點也不淫穢

He's going to be doing things with his hands

接下來他要用他的手做一些事

that the boar would use his snout, lacking hands. Okay.

就像豬公會用他的鼻子做的，因為沒有手，好

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

This is it.

就像這樣，豬公的前戲非常奇怪

The boar has a very odd courtship repertoire.

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

This is to mimic the weight of the boar.

這是要模擬豬公的體重

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

You should know, the clitoris of the pig is inside the vagina.

你們要知道，豬的陰蒂是在陰道裡面

So this may be sort of titillating for her.

所以這是在激起母豬的性慾，開始了

Here we go.

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And the happy result.

這是愛的結晶

(Applause)

（掌聲）

I love this video.

我真是超愛這段影片

There is a point in this video, towards the beginning,

影片的某個部分，靠近開頭的地方

where they zoom in for a close up of his hand with his wedding ring,

鏡頭拉近照到他手上的結婚戒指

好像是在說「沒關係啦!這只是工作而已，他真的愛女人」

as if to say, "It's okay, it's just his job.

He really does like women."

(Laughter)

（笑聲）（8.雌性動物比你想像的還享受性交過程）

Okay. When I was in Denmark, my host was named Anne Marie.

好的，當我在丹麥的時候，招待我的人名叫Anne Marie

我說「為什麼不就刺激豬的陰蒂就好？」

And I said, "So why don't you just stimulate the clitoris of the pig?

Why don't you have the farmers do that?

「為什麼不讓農夫這樣做？」

That's not one of your five steps."

「這不是五個步驟之一」

I have to read you what she said, because I love it.

我非得唸出她的回答，因為我太愛這句話了

她說：「要讓農夫們伸手進母豬的陰部」

She said, "It was a big hurdle

just to get farmers to touch underneath the vulva.

「對他們來說是很大的障礙」

So we thought, let's not mention the clitoris right now."

「所以我想，還是不要提到陰蒂的事好了」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Shy but ambitious pig farmers, however, can purchase a -- this is true --

很害羞又想成功的豬農們還是可以買個...我說真的...

a sow vibrator,

一支母豬按摩棒

that hangs on the sperm feeder tube to vibrate.

附精子注入器又會震動

Because, as I mentioned, the clitoris is inside the vagina.

因為就像我說的

豬的陰蒂位在陰道裡面

So possibly, you know, a little more arousing than it looks.

所以你知道的，這可能比看起來還挑逗點

And I also said to her,

接著我說

"Now, these sows. I mean, you may have noticed there.

「你看這些母豬，你應該也注意到了」

The sow doesn't look to be in the throes of ecstasy."

「母豬看起來並不享受這種痛苦的快感」

And she said, you can't make that conclusion,

然後她回答「你怎麼知道？」

because animals don't register pain or pleasure

「因為動物沒有表情」

「不能像我們一樣將痛苦和愉悅表現在臉上」

on their faces in the same way that we do.

以豬為例，牠們比較像狗

Pigs, for example, are more like dogs.

They use the upper half of the face; the ears are very expressive.

用臉的上半部表達情緒，牠們耳朵的表情很豐富

So you're not really sure what's going on with the pig.

所以你很難了解這隻豬發生了什麼事

Primates, on the other hand, we use our mouths more.

靈長類則相反，我們比較常用到嘴巴

This is the ejaculation face of the stump-tailed macaque.

這是短尾恆河猴射精時的表情

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And, interestingly, this has been observed in female macaques,

而且很有趣的，母的恆河猴也有這種表情

but only when mounting another female.

但是只有在跟另外一隻母猴交配的時候才會看到

(Laughter)

（笑聲）（9.在實驗室裡研究人的性高潮是一件很困難的事）

Masters and Johnson.

1950年代時，Masters和Johnson決定

In the 1950s, they decided, okay, we're going to figure out

好，我們要搞清楚人類性反應的完整過程

the entire human sexual response cycle,

from arousal, all the way through orgasm, in men and women --

研究男人和女人，從性慾的激起，一直到性高潮

everything that happens in the human body.

人體發生的所有反應

Okay, with women, a lot of this is happening inside.

好，對女人來說，很多反應都是發生在體內的

This did not stop Masters and Johnson.

但是Masters和Johnson並未因此停止研究

They developed an artificial coition machine.

他們研發出一個人工性交機器

This is basically a penis camera on a motor.

基本上是裝了馬達的陰莖攝影機

There is a phallus,

其實是一個陰莖

clear acrylic phallus, with a camera and a light source,

透明壓克力做的陰莖，裝了攝影機和光源

attached to a motor that is kind of going like this.

裝在一個這樣運動的馬達上

And the woman would have sex with it.

然後女人就跟機器做愛

That is what they would do. Pretty amazing.

這是他們想做的，很驚人吧!

Sadly, this device has been dismantled.

很可惜，這個裝置已經被拆除了

This just kills me, not because I wanted to use it --

我覺得好可惜，並不是因為我想試用

I wanted to see it.

是因為我想看它一眼

(Laughter)

（笑聲）（10.這真的很具有娛樂價值）

One fine day,

某個美好的一天

Alfred Kinsey decided to calculate

金賽博士決定

要測量精液射出的平均距離

the average distance traveled by ejaculated semen.

This was not idle curiosity.

這可不是出於無聊的好奇心

Doctor Kinsey had heard --

金賽博士曾聽說...

and there was a theory going around at the time, this being the 1940s --

1940年代，當時流傳著一個理論

that the force with which semen is thrown against the cervix

精液射入子宮頸

的力量

was a factor in fertility.

是受精的因素之一

Kinsey thought it was bunk, so he got to work.

金賽覺得根本是無稽之談，所以他要驗證

He got together in his lab

他在實驗室募集到

300 men, a measuring tape, and a movie camera.

300個男人、一個量尺和一部攝影機

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And in fact, he found that in three quarters of the men

而且事實上他發現

有三分之一的男人

the stuff just kind of slopped out.

那液體就只是溢出來

It wasn't spurted or thrown or ejected under great force.

並非有股力量把精液噴出來或射出來

However, the record holder

但是，紀錄保持者

landed just shy of the eight-foot mark, which is impressive.

大約射了八英呎遠，真是驚人

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Yes. Exactly.

是啊，沒有錯！

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Sadly, he's anonymous. His name is not mentioned.

很可惜，他是匿名的，沒提到他的名字

(Laughter)

在金賽博士的筆記中

In his write-up of this experiment in his book,

在他書中這個實驗的筆記

Kinsey wrote,

金賽寫了

"Two sheets were laid down to protect the oriental carpets."

「我得鋪兩條床單來保護地毯」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Which is my second favorite line in the entire oeuvre of Alfred Kinsey.

在金賽博士的畢生作品中

這是我第二喜歡的句子

My favorite being, "Cheese crumbs spread before a pair of copulating rats

我最喜歡的是「在一對正在交配的老鼠前灑一些起司屑」

will distract the female, but not the male."

「只有母的老鼠會分心，公的不會」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Thank you very much.

謝謝大家

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Thanks!

謝謝!