How fake news does real harm | Stephanie Busari

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Ivana Korom

I want to tell you a story about a girl.

Želim da vam ispričam priču o devojci.

But I can't tell you her real name.

Ali vam ne mogu reći njeno pravo ime.

So let's just call her Hadiza.

Zvaćemo je Hadiza.

Hadiza is 20.

Hadiza ima 20 godina.

She's shy,

Ona je stidljiva,

but she has a beautiful smile that lights up her face.

ali ima prelep osmeh koji joj ozari lice.

But she's in constant pain.

Ali je u stalnim bolovima.

And she will likely be on medication for the rest of her life.

I najverovatnije će biti na lekovima do kraja života.

Do you want to know why?

Želite li da znate zašto?

Hadiza is a Chibok girl,

Hadiza je devojčica iz Čiboka,

and on April 14, 2014, she was kidnapped

i 14. aprila 2014. kidnapovali su je

by Boko Haram terrorists.

teroristi iz Boko Harama.

She managed to escape, though,

Ipak, uspela je da pobegne,

by jumping off the truck that was carrying the girls.

tako što je skočila sa kamiona koji je prevozio devojčice.

But when she landed, she broke both her legs,

Ali kada je pala, slomila je obe noge,

and she had to crawl on her tummy to hide in the bushes.

i morala je da puzi na stomaku, da bi se sakrila u žbunju.

She told me she was terrified that Boko Haram would come back for her.

Rekla mi je da je bila preplašena da će Boko Haram da se vrati po nju.

She was one of 57 girls who would escape by jumping off trucks that day.

Ona je bila jedna od 57 devojčica koje su pobegle tako što su iskočile iz kamiona.

This story, quite rightly, caused ripples

Ova priča je, sasvim opravdano, izazvala buru

around the world.

svuda oko sveta.

People like Michelle Obama, Malala and others

Ljudi poput Mišel Obame, Malale i drugih

lent their voices in protest,

su digli glas u znak protesta,

and at about the same time -- I was living in London at the time --

i otprilike u to vreme - živela sam u Londonu -

I was sent from London to Abuja to cover the World Economic Forum

bila sam poslata iz Londona u Abudžu da pokrivam Svetski ekonomski forum

that Nigeria was hosting for the first time.

kom je Nigerija bila domaćin po prvi put.

But when we arrived, it was clear that there was only one story in town.

Kada smo stigli, bilo je jasno da postoji samo jedna verzija priče.

We put the government under pressure.

Pritisnuli smo vladu.

We asked tough questions about what they were doing

Postavljali smo teška pitanja o tome šta su radili

to bring these girls back.

da vrate ove devojčice.

Understandably,

Naravno,

they weren't too happy with our line of questioning,

nisu bili presrećni našim ispitivanjem

and let's just say we received our fair share of "alternative facts."

i recimo da smo dobili svoju dozu "alternativnih činjenica".

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Influential Nigerians were telling us at the time

Uticajni Nigerijci u to vreme su nam govorili

that we were naïve,

da smo bili naivni,

we didn't understand the political situation in Nigeria.

da nismo razumeli političku situaciju u Nigeriji.

But they also told us

Takođe su nam rekli

that the story of the Chibok girls

da je priča o devojčicama iz Čiboka

was a hoax.

jedna prevara.

Sadly, this hoax narrative has persisted,

Nažalost, ova priča o prevari je istrajala

and there are still people in Nigeria today

i još uvek postoje ljudi u Nigeriji

who believe that the Chibok girls were never kidnapped.

koji veruju da devojčice iz Čiboka nikada nisu kidnapovane.

Yet I was talking to people like these --

Ipak, pričala sam sa ljudima poput ovih -

devastated parents,

rastrzanim roditeljima,

who told us that on the day Boko Haram kidnapped their daughters,

koji su nam rekli da su na dan kada im je Boko Haram kidnapovao ćerke

they ran into the Sambisa Forest after the trucks carrying their daughters.

trčali u šumu Sambisa za kamionima u kojim su im bile ćerke.

They were armed with machetes, but they were forced to turn back

Bili su naoružani mačetama, ali morali su da se vrate

because Boko Haram had guns.

jer je Boko Haram imao puške.

For two years, inevitably, the news agenda moved on,

Neizbežno je da se za dve godine priča u vestima izgubila

and for two years,

i dve godine

we didn't hear much about the Chibok girls.

nismo čuli ništa o devojčicama iz Čiboka.

Everyone presumed they were dead.

Svi su mislili da su mrtve.

But in April last year,

Ali aprila prošle godine,

I was able to obtain this video.

dobila sam ovaj snimak.

This is a still from the video

Ovo je kadar iz snimka

that Boko Haram filmed as a proof of life,

koji je Boko Haram snimio kao dokaz života

and through a source, I obtained this video.

i kroz svoj izvor, dobila sam snimak.

But before I could publish it,

Ali pre nego sam mogla da ga objavim,

I had to travel to the northeast of Nigeria

morala sam da otputujem na severoistok Nigerije

to talk to the parents, to verify it.

da roditelji potvrde autentičnost.

I didn't have to wait too long for confirmation.

Nisam dugo morala da čekam.

One of the mothers, when she watched the video, told me

Jedna od majki mi je rekla, kada je pogledala snimak,

that if she could have reached into the laptop

da bi, da je mogla da posegne u laptop

and pulled our her child from the laptop,

i izvuče svoje dete odatle,

she would have done so.

to bi i uradila.

For those of you who are parents, like myself, in the audience,

Za vas u publici poput mene, koji ste roditelji,

you can only imagine the anguish

možete samo zamisliti mučninu

that that mother felt.

koju je osećala ta majka.

This video would go on to kick-start negotiation talks with Boko Haram.

Ovaj video pokrenuo je razgovore sa Boko Haramom.

And a Nigerian senator told me that because of this video

Nigerijski senator mi je rekao da su u pregovore ušli

they entered into those talks,

zbog ovog snimka,

because they had long presumed that the Chibok girls were dead.

jer su dugo pretpostavljali da su devojčice iz Čiboka mrtve.

Twenty-one girls were freed in October last year.

Oslobođena je 21 devojčica u oktobru prošle godine.

Sadly, nearly 200 of them still remain missing.

Nažalost, njih 200 još uvek nije nađeno.

I must confess that I have not been a dispassionate observer

Moram da priznam da nisam bila objektivni posmatrač

covering this story.

u ovoj priči.

I am furious when I think about the wasted opportunities

Pobesnim kada pomislim na propuštene prilike

da se spase ove devojčice.

to rescue these girls.

I am furious when I think about what the parents have told me,

Pobesnim kada pomislim na ono što su mi roditelji rekli,

that if these were daughters of the rich and the powerful,

da kada bi ovo bile ćerke bogatih i moćnih,

they would have been found much earlier.

pronašli bi ih mnogo ranije.

And I am furious

I pobesnim zato što verujem

that the hoax narrative,

da je priča o prevari

I firmly believe,

izazvala odlaganje,

caused a delay;

uverena sam u to.

it was part of the reason for the delay in their return.

To je bio deo razloga za odlaganje povratka.

This illustrates to me the deadly danger of fake news.

Ovo mi prikazuje smrtonosnu opasnost lažnih vesti.

So what can we do about it?

Šta da uradimo povodom ovoga?

There are some very smart people,

Postoje veoma pametni ljudi,

smart engineers at Google and Facebook,

pametni inžinjeri u Guglu i Fejsbuku,

who are trying to use technology to stop the spread of fake news.

koji pokušavaju da tehnologijom spreče širenje lažnih vesti.

But beyond that, I think everybody here -- you and I --

Ali dalje od toga, mislim da svako ovde

we have a role to play in that.

ima ulogu u tome.

We are the ones who share the content.

Mi smo oni koji dele sadržaj.

We are the ones who share the stories online.

Mi smo oni koji dele priče na internetu.

In this day and age, we're all publishers,

U današnje doba, svi smo izdavači

and we have responsibility.

i imamo odgovornost.

In my job as a journalist,

U svojoj novinarskoj profesiji,

I check, I verify.

proveravam, verifikujem,

I trust my gut, but I ask tough questions.

verujem osećaju, ali postavljam teška pitanja.

Why is this person telling me this story?

Zašto mi ova osoba govori ovo?

What do they have to gain by sharing this information?

Šta dobijaju deljenjem ove informacije?

Do they have a hidden agenda?

Imaju li skrivene namere?

I really believe that we must all start to ask tougher questions

Verujem da moramo da počnemo da postavljamo teža pitanja

of information that we discover online.

za informacije koje nađemo na internetu.

Research shows that some of us don't even read beyond headlines

Istraživanje pokazuje da neki od nas ne čitaju dalje od naslova

before we share stories.

pre nego podele priče.

Who here has done that?

Ko je ovde uradio to?

I know I have.

Znam da ja jesam.

But what if

Ali šta kada bismo prestali

we stopped taking information that we discover at face value?

da informacije koje dobijamo uzimamo zdravo za gotovo?

What if we stop to think about the consequence

Šta kada bismo pomislili na posledice

of the information that we pass on

koje informacije koje prosleđujemo imaju

and its potential to incite violence or hatred?

kao i potencijal za podsticanje nasilja ili mržnje?

What if we stop to think about the real-life consequences

Šta kada bismo razmislili o stvarnim posledicama

of the information that we share?

informacija koje delimo?

Thank you very much for listening.

Hvala što ste me slušali.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)