How fake news does real harm | Stephanie Busari

164,307 views ใƒป 2017-05-18

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Alon Alboher ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
I want to tell you a story about a girl.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื”.
00:16
But I can't tell you her real name.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ืฉืžื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
00:18
So let's just call her Hadiza.
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ืื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืงืจื ืœื” ื”ืื“ื™ื–ื”.
00:21
Hadiza is 20.
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ื”ืื“ื™ื–ื” ื‘ืช 20.
00:23
She's shy,
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ืช,
00:24
but she has a beautiful smile that lights up her face.
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ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื—ื™ื•ืš ื™ืคื” ืฉืžืื™ืจ ืืช ืคื ื™ื”,
00:28
But she's in constant pain.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืื‘ ืชืžื™ื“ื™
00:32
And she will likely be on medication for the rest of her life.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืชืฆืจื•ืš ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื”.
00:36
Do you want to know why?
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ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืœืžื”?
00:39
Hadiza is a Chibok girl,
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ื”ืื“ื™ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื ืขืจื” ืžืฆ'ื™ื‘ื•ืง,
00:42
and on April 14, 2014, she was kidnapped
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ื•ื‘14 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ, 2014, ื”ื™ื ื ื—ื˜ืคื”
00:45
by Boko Haram terrorists.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืงื• ื—ืจืื.
00:48
She managed to escape, though,
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ืืš ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื‘ืจื•ื—,
00:50
by jumping off the truck that was carrying the girls.
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืงืคืฆื” ืžื”ืžืฉืื™ืช ืฉื”ืกื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ื ืขืจื•ืช.
00:54
But when she landed, she broke both her legs,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื—ืชื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืจื” ืืช ืฉืชื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื”,
00:57
and she had to crawl on her tummy to hide in the bushes.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื–ื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื™ื.
01:00
She told me she was terrified that Boko Haram would come back for her.
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ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืคืจื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืคื—ื“ื” ืคื—ื“ ืžื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืงื• ื—ืจืื ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืชืคื•ืก ืื•ืชื”.
01:05
She was one of 57 girls who would escape by jumping off trucks that day.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ืž57 ื ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืงืคืฆื• ืžืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:10
This story, quite rightly, caused ripples
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ืฆื“ืง, ื™ืฆืจ ื’ืœื™ื
01:12
around the world.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•.
01:14
People like Michelle Obama, Malala and others
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื™ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ืžื”, ืžืœืœื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื
01:17
lent their voices in protest,
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ืชืจืžื• ืืช ืงื•ืœื ื‘ืžื—ืื”,
01:19
and at about the same time -- I was living in London at the time --
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ื•ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
01:22
I was sent from London to Abuja to cover the World Economic Forum
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ื ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืžืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืœืื‘ื•ื’'ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื•ืจื•ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™
01:27
that Nigeria was hosting for the first time.
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ืฉื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” ืื™ืจื—ื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
01:30
But when we arrived, it was clear that there was only one story in town.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื•, ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœื™ื•.
01:35
We put the government under pressure.
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ืœื—ืฆื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
01:37
We asked tough questions about what they were doing
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ืฉืืœื ื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
01:40
to bring these girls back.
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01:42
Understandably,
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ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•,
01:43
they weren't too happy with our line of questioning,
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
01:46
and let's just say we received our fair share of "alternative facts."
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ื•ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืืžืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืœืžืช ืฉืœ "ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช",
01:50
(Laughter)
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(ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฆื•ื—ืง)
01:53
Influential Nigerians were telling us at the time
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ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ
01:56
that we were naรฏve,
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ื,
01:58
we didn't understand the political situation in Nigeria.
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ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”.
02:02
But they also told us
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ืืžืจื• ืœื ื•,
02:04
that the story of the Chibok girls
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ืฉืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื ืขืจื•ืช ืžืฆ'ื™ื‘ื•ืง
02:07
was a hoax.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื™ื—ื”.
02:10
Sadly, this hoax narrative has persisted,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื”ืขืœื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืชื™ื—ื” ื ืžืฉื›ื”,
02:12
and there are still people in Nigeria today
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ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”
02:15
who believe that the Chibok girls were never kidnapped.
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ืฉืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืขืจื•ืช ืžืฆ'ื™ื‘ื•ืง ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื—ื˜ืคื•.
02:18
Yet I was talking to people like these --
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืœื• --
02:22
devastated parents,
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ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืจื™ื,
02:23
who told us that on the day Boko Haram kidnapped their daughters,
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ืฉืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืงื• ื—ืจืื ื—ื˜ืคื• ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
02:28
they ran into the Sambisa Forest after the trucks carrying their daughters.
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ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœื™ืขืจื•ืช ืกืžื‘ื™ืกื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ื˜ืคื• ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
02:32
They were armed with machetes, but they were forced to turn back
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืืฆ'ื˜ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ื•ืจ
02:36
because Boko Haram had guns.
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ื›ื™ ืœื‘ื•ืงื• ื—ืจืื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ื‘ื™ื.
02:39
For two years, inevitably, the news agenda moved on,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขืช, ื”ืื’'ื ื“ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ืœืื”,
02:42
and for two years,
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื
02:44
we didn't hear much about the Chibok girls.
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ืœื ืฉืžืขื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื ืขืจื•ืช ืžืฆ'ื™ื‘ื•ืง.
02:47
Everyone presumed they were dead.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืชื•.
02:50
But in April last year,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”,
02:52
I was able to obtain this video.
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ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ื–ื”.
02:54
This is a still from the video
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ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื•
02:56
that Boko Haram filmed as a proof of life,
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ืฉื‘ื•ืงื• ื—ืจืื ื”ืกืจื™ื˜ื• ื›ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื,
03:00
and through a source, I obtained this video.
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ื–ื”.
03:03
But before I could publish it,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื›ืœืชื™ ืœืคืจืกื ืื•ืชื•,
03:05
I had to travel to the northeast of Nigeria
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืกืข ืœืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื— ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”
03:08
to talk to the parents, to verify it.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœืืžืช ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜.
03:11
I didn't have to wait too long for confirmation.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื—ื”.
03:15
One of the mothers, when she watched the video, told me
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ืื—ืช ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช, ื›ืฉืจืืชื” ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜, ืืžืจื” ืœื™
03:18
that if she could have reached into the laptop
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ืฉืื ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘
03:21
and pulled our her child from the laptop,
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ื•ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ืฉืœื”,
03:25
she would have done so.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
03:28
For those of you who are parents, like myself, in the audience,
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ืœืืœื• ืžื›ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ื‘ืงื”ืœ,
03:31
you can only imagine the anguish
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืจืง ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆืขืจ ื•ื”ื›ืื‘
03:34
that that mother felt.
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ืฉื”ืืžื ื”ื–ื• ื—ืฉื”.
03:37
This video would go on to kick-start negotiation talks with Boko Haram.
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ื”ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื• ื”ื–ื” ื”ืชื ื™ืข ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื‘ื•ืงื• ื—ืจืื.
03:43
And a Nigerian senator told me that because of this video
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ื•ืกื ื˜ื•ืจ ื ื™ื’ืจื™ ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ื–ื”
03:47
they entered into those talks,
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ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
03:50
because they had long presumed that the Chibok girls were dead.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืฉื”ื ืขืจื•ืช ืžืฆ'ื™ื‘ื•ืง ืžืชื•.
03:54
Twenty-one girls were freed in October last year.
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21 ื ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”.
03:59
Sadly, nearly 200 of them still remain missing.
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื›200 ื ืขืจื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขื“ืจื•ืช.
04:03
I must confess that I have not been a dispassionate observer
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆื•ืคื” ืงืจืช ืจื•ื—
04:07
covering this story.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืกื™ืงืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
04:08
I am furious when I think about the wasted opportunities
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืชื—ืช ืžื–ืขื ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืกืคืกื•
04:14
to rescue these girls.
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ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
04:15
I am furious when I think about what the parents have told me,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืชื—ืช ืžื–ืขื ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ืœื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื,
04:19
that if these were daughters of the rich and the powerful,
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ืฉืื ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื,
04:21
they would have been found much earlier.
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ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื.
04:26
And I am furious
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืชื—ืช ืžื–ืขื
04:28
that the hoax narrative,
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ืฉื”ืขืœื™ืœื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืจืžื™ืช,
04:30
I firmly believe,
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ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืกืžื•ื›ื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”,
04:31
caused a delay;
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ื’ืจืžื” ืœืขื™ืงื•ื‘;
04:34
it was part of the reason for the delay in their return.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืขื•ืงื‘ื” ื—ื–ืจืชืŸ.
04:38
This illustrates to me the deadly danger of fake news.
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ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ื–ื” ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืคื•ืช.
04:43
So what can we do about it?
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื–ื”?
04:45
There are some very smart people,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื›ืžื™ื,
04:47
smart engineers at Google and Facebook,
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ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื•ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง,
04:50
who are trying to use technology to stop the spread of fake news.
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ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืคื•ืช.
04:55
But beyond that, I think everybody here -- you and I --
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ืืš ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื”, ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืคื” -- ืื ื™ ื•ืืชื --
04:59
we have a role to play in that.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ื–ื”.
05:02
We are the ones who share the content.
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ืื ื• ืืœื” ืฉืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
05:04
We are the ones who share the stories online.
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ืื ื• ืืœื” ืฉืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืจืฉืช.
05:07
In this day and age, we're all publishers,
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ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ืื ื• ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืœืื•ืจ,
05:10
and we have responsibility.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช.
05:12
In my job as a journalist,
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื›ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ืช,
05:15
I check, I verify.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื“ืงืช, ืื ื™ ืžืืžืชืช,
05:17
I trust my gut, but I ask tough questions.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื˜ื—ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื™, ืืš ืื ื™ ื’ื ืฉื•ืืœืช ืฉืืœื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช.
05:21
Why is this person telling me this story?
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ืœืžื” ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”?
05:24
What do they have to gain by sharing this information?
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ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื•?
05:27
Do they have a hidden agenda?
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืื’'ื ื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช?
05:30
I really believe that we must all start to ask tougher questions
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช
05:36
of information that we discover online.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช.
05:41
Research shows that some of us don't even read beyond headlines
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉื—ืœืงื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื˜ื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ื•ืชืจืช
05:47
before we share stories.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
05:49
Who here has done that?
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ืžื™ ื›ืืŸ ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”?
05:51
I know I have.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืื ื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
05:54
But what if
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื
05:57
we stopped taking information that we discover at face value?
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœืฆืจื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืคื ื™ื?
06:02
What if we stop to think about the consequence
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ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช
06:05
of the information that we pass on
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืื”
06:08
and its potential to incite violence or hatred?
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ื•ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœื” ืœื”ืกื™ืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืื• ืฉื ืื”?
06:12
What if we stop to think about the real-life consequences
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ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื
06:16
of the information that we share?
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืชืคื™ื?
06:19
Thank you very much for listening.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืงืฉื‘ื”.
06:21
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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