How fake news does real harm | Stephanie Busari

Prevoditelj: Lucija Jelić Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

I want to tell you a story about a girl.

Želim vam ispričati priču o jednoj djevojci.

But I can't tell you her real name.

Ali ne mogu vam reći njeno pravo ime.

So let's just call her Hadiza.

Nazovimo je Hadiza.

Hadiza is 20.

Hadiza ima 20 godina.

She's shy,

Ona je sramežljiva,

but she has a beautiful smile that lights up her face.

ali ima prekrasan osmijeh koji joj sja na licu.

But she's in constant pain.

Ali osjeća konstantnu bol.

And she will likely be on medication for the rest of her life.

I najvjerojatnije će piti lijekove do kraja života.

Do you want to know why?

Želite li znati zašto?

Hadiza is a Chibok girl,

Hadiza je cura iz Chiboka,

and on April 14, 2014, she was kidnapped

koju su 14. travnja 2014. oteli

by Boko Haram terrorists.

terroristi Boko Harama.

She managed to escape, though,

Ipak, ona je uspjela pobjeći

by jumping off the truck that was carrying the girls.

skakanjem iz kamiona koji je prevozio djevojke.

But when she landed, she broke both her legs,

Ali kada je pala na tlo, slomila je obje noge

and she had to crawl on her tummy to hide in the bushes.

te je morala puzati na trbuhu da bi se sakrila u grmlje.

She told me she was terrified that Boko Haram would come back for her.

Rekla mi je da je bila prestravljena da će se Boko Haram vratiti po nju.

She was one of 57 girls who would escape by jumping off trucks that day.

Bila je jedna od 57 djevojaka koja je pobjegla iskakanjem iz kamiona tog dana.

This story, quite rightly, caused ripples

Ova priča je naravno izazvala reakcije

around the world.

diljem svijeta.

People like Michelle Obama, Malala and others

Ljudi kao Michelle Obama, Malala i drugi

lent their voices in protest,

sudjelovali su u protestu

and at about the same time -- I was living in London at the time --

i baš u to vrijeme -- ja sam tada živjela u Londonu --

I was sent from London to Abuja to cover the World Economic Forum

bio sam poslana iz Londona u Abuju da izvještavam sa Svjetskog Ekonomskog Foruma

that Nigeria was hosting for the first time.

održavanog po prvi puta u Nigeriji.

But when we arrived, it was clear that there was only one story in town.

Ali kada smo stigli, bilo je očito da je aktualna samo jedna priča u gradu.

We put the government under pressure.

Pritisnuli smo Vladu.

We asked tough questions about what they were doing

Postavljali smo teška pitanja o tome što rade

to bring these girls back.

da vrate te djevojke.

Understandably,

Razumljivo,

they weren't too happy with our line of questioning,

nisu bili presretni s našim pitanjima,

and let's just say we received our fair share of "alternative facts."

i recimo samo da smo dobili fer dio "alternativnih činjenica."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Influential Nigerians were telling us at the time

Utjecajni Nigerijci su nam u isto vrijeme govorili

that we were naïve,

da smo naivni,

we didn't understand the political situation in Nigeria.

da nismo razumjeli političku situaciju u Nigeriji.

But they also told us

Ali također su nam rekli

that the story of the Chibok girls

da je priča o djevojkama iz Chiboka

was a hoax.

obmana.

Sadly, this hoax narrative has persisted,

Nažalost, ta priča se nastavila

and there are still people in Nigeria today

i dan danas ima ljudi u Nigeriji

who believe that the Chibok girls were never kidnapped.

koji vjeruju da djevojke iz Chiboka nikad nisu bile otete.

Yet I was talking to people like these --

Ipak, ja sam pričala s raznim ljudima --

devastated parents,

poraženim roditeljima,

who told us that on the day Boko Haram kidnapped their daughters,

koji su nam rekli da su na dan kada je Boko Haram oteo njihove kćeri,

they ran into the Sambisa Forest after the trucks carrying their daughters.

trčali po šumi Sambisa za kamionima s njihovim kćerima.

They were armed with machetes, but they were forced to turn back

Imali su mačete, ali morali su se predati

because Boko Haram had guns.

jer je Boko Haram imao pištolje.

For two years, inevitably, the news agenda moved on,

Iduće dvije godine, neizbježno, vijesti su se širile,

and for two years,

i te dvije godine,

we didn't hear much about the Chibok girls.

nismo čuli puno o djevojkama iz Chiboka.

Everyone presumed they were dead.

Svi su pretpostavljali da su mrtve.

But in April last year,

Ali u travnju prošle godine

I was able to obtain this video.

ja sam uspjela doći do ovog videa.

This is a still from the video

Ovo je scena iz videa

that Boko Haram filmed as a proof of life,

koji je Boko Haram skupina snimila kao dokaz da su žive,

and through a source, I obtained this video.

i preko jednog izvora, ja sam došla do ovog videa.

But before I could publish it,

Ali prije nego sam ga mogla objaviti,

I had to travel to the northeast of Nigeria

morala sam otputovati na sjeverozapad Nigerije

to talk to the parents, to verify it.

kako bi razgovarala s roditeljima i potvrdila ga.

I didn't have to wait too long for confirmation.

Potvrdu nisam morala dugo čekati.

One of the mothers, when she watched the video, told me

Jedna od majki, kada je vidjela video, rekla je

that if she could have reached into the laptop

da kad bi mogla ući u laptop

and pulled our her child from the laptop,

i izvući svoje dijete iz laptopa,

she would have done so.

učinila bi to.

For those of you who are parents, like myself, in the audience,

Svi vi iz publike, koji ste roditelji, kao i ja,

you can only imagine the anguish

možete samo zamisliti bol

that that mother felt.

koju je ta majka osjetila.

This video would go on to kick-start negotiation talks with Boko Haram.

Nakon ovog videa započeti su novi pregovori s Boko Haram skupinom.

And a Nigerian senator told me that because of this video

Nigerijski senator rekao mi je da su zbog ovog videa

they entered into those talks,

započeli te pregovore,

because they had long presumed that the Chibok girls were dead.

jer su već dugo pretpostavljali da su te djevojke iz Chiboka mrtve.

Twenty-one girls were freed in October last year.

21 djevojka je oslobođena u listopadu prošle godine.

Sadly, nearly 200 of them still remain missing.

Nažalost, približno 200 je još uvijek nestalo.

I must confess that I have not been a dispassionate observer

Moram priznati da nisam bila hladan posmatrač

covering this story.

pokrivajući ovu priču.

I am furious when I think about the wasted opportunities

Bijesna sam kad pomislim na propuštene prilike

to rescue these girls.

da se te djevojke spase.

I am furious when I think about what the parents have told me,

Bijesna sam kad se sjetim što su mi roditelji govorili,

that if these were daughters of the rich and the powerful,

da su to kćeri bogatih i moćnih,

they would have been found much earlier.

bile bi nađene puno ranije.

And I am furious

I bijesna sam

that the hoax narrative,

jer je obmana,

I firmly believe,

ja čvrsto vjerujem,

caused a delay;

uzrok zakašnjenja;

it was part of the reason for the delay in their return.

to je bio dio uzroka zakašnjenja u njihovom povratku.

This illustrates to me the deadly danger of fake news.

Ovo ilustrira smrtnu opasnost od lažnih vijesti.

So what can we do about it?

Pa što možemo učiniti?

There are some very smart people,

Postoji mnogo vrlo pametnih ljudi,

smart engineers at Google and Facebook,

pametnih inženjera u Google-u i Facebook-u,

who are trying to use technology to stop the spread of fake news.

koji pokušavaju tehnologijom zaustaviti širenje lažnih vijesti.

But beyond that, I think everybody here -- you and I --

Ali osim toga, mislim da svi mi ovdje -- vi i ja --

we have a role to play in that.

imamo svoju ulogu u tome.

We are the ones who share the content.

Mi smo ti koji dijele sadržaj.

We are the ones who share the stories online.

Mi smo ti koji dijele priče online.

In this day and age, we're all publishers,

U današnje vrijeme, mi smo svi izdavači,

and we have responsibility.

i mi svi imamo odgovornost.

In my job as a journalist,

U mom poslu kao novinarka,

I check, I verify.

ja provjeravam, potvrđujem.

I trust my gut, but I ask tough questions.

Vjerujem instinktu, ali postavljam teška pitanja.

Why is this person telling me this story?

Zašto mi ova osoba ovo govori?

What do they have to gain by sharing this information?

Što oni imaju od toga da dijele ovu informaciju?

Do they have a hidden agenda?

Imaju li skrivene namjere?

I really believe that we must all start to ask tougher questions

Zaista vjerujem da svi mi moramo početi postavljati teška pitanja

of information that we discover online.

o informacijama koje otkrivamo online.

Research shows that some of us don't even read beyond headlines

Istraživanja pokazuju da neki od nas ne čitaju dalje od naslova

before we share stories.

prije nego podijele priče.

Who here has done that?

Tko je ovdje to napravio?

I know I have.

Ja znam da ja jesam.

But what if

Ali što ako

we stopped taking information that we discover at face value?

prestanemo vjerovati informacijama samo na temelju onoga što vidimo?

What if we stop to think about the consequence

Što ako prestanemo misliti na posljedice

of the information that we pass on

informacija koje širimo

and its potential to incite violence or hatred?

i njihovog potencijala da potaknu nasilje i mržnju?

What if we stop to think about the real-life consequences

Što ako prestanemo misliti o stvarnim posljedicama

of the information that we share?

informacija koje dijelimo?

Thank you very much for listening.

Veliko hvala na slušanju.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)