Fahad Al-Attiya: A country with no water

Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevodilac: Bojana Aćamović Lektor: Ivana Korom

Salaam alaikum.

Salaam aleikum.

Welcome to Doha.

Dobrodošli u Dohu.

I am in charge of making this country's food secure.

Ja sam zadužen za obezbeđivanje hrane za ovu zemlju.

That is my job for the next two years,

To mi je posao u naredne dve godine,

to design an entire master plan,

da osmislim celokupan glavni plan,

and then for the next 10 years to implement it --

a onda da ga u narednih 10 godina primenim -

of course, with so many other people.

naravno, zajedno sa još mnogo drugih ljudi.

But first, I need to talk to you about a story, which is my story,

Ali prvo, moram da vam ispričam jednu priču, moju priču,

about the story of this country that you're all here in today.

priču o ovoj zemlji u kojoj ste svi vi danas.

And of course, most of you have had three meals today,

I naravno, većina vas je danas imala tri obroka,

and probably will continue to have after this event.

a verovatno će tako i nastaviti posle ovog događaja.

So going in, what was Qatar in the 1940s?

Pa za početak, šta je bio Katar četrdesetih godina?

We were about 11,000 people living here.

Ovde je živelo oko 11 000 ljudi.

There was no water. There was no energy, no oil, no cars, none of that.

Nije bilo vode. Nije bilo struje, ni nafte, ni automobila, ništa od toga.

Most of the people who lived here

Većina ljudi koji su živeli ovde

either lived in coastal villages, fishing,

živeli su bilo u selima na obali, bavili se ribolovom,

or were nomads who roamed around with the environment trying to find water.

ili su bili nomadi koji su tumarali okolinom pokušavajući da nađu vodu.

None of the glamour that you see today existed.

Ništa od glamura koji danas vidite nije postojalo.

No cities like you see today in Doha or Dubai or Abu Dhabi or Kuwait or Riyadh.

Nijedan grad poput onih koje danas vidite u Dohi ili Dubaiju ili Abu Dabiju ili Kuvajtu ili Rijadu.

It wasn't that they couldn't develop cities.

Nije da nisu mogli da razviju gradove.

Resources weren't there to develop them.

Nije bilo resursa za njihov razvoj.

And you can see that life expectancy was also short.

I jasno vam je da je očekivani ljudski vek bio takođe kratak.

Most people died around the age of 50.

Ljudi su većinom umirali oko 50. godine.

So let's move to chapter two: the oil era.

Pa hajde da pređemo na drugo poglavlje: eru nafte.

1939, that's when they discovered oil.

Godina 1939, tada su otkrili naftu.

But unfortunately, it wasn't really fully exploited commercially

Ali nažalost, nije zaista bila u potpunosti komercijalno iskorišćena

until after the Second World War.

do nakon Drugog svetskog rata.

What did it do?

Šta je to učinilo?

It changed the face of this country, as you can see today and witness.

Promenilo je lice ove zemlje, kao što možete videti i posvedočiti danas.

It also made all those people who roamed around the desert --

Takođe, nagnala je sve one ljude koji su tumarali pustinjom -

looking for water, looking for food,

tragajući za vodom, za hranom,

trying to take care of their livestock -- urbanize.

pokušavajući da se staraju o svojoj stoci - da se urbanizuju.

You might find this strange,

Ovo vam može biti čudno,

but in my family we have different accents.

ali u mojoj porodici imamo drugačije akcente.

My mother has an accent that is so different to my father,

Moja majka ima akcenat koji je toliko drugačiji od mog oca,

and we're all a population of about 300,000 people in the same country.

a mi svi činimo populaciju od oko 300 000 ljudi u istoj državi.

There are about five or six accents in this country as I speak.

Postoji oko pet ili šest akcenata u ovoj zemlji u ovom trenutku.

Someone says, "How so? How could this happen?"

Neko kaže: "Kako to? Kako je to moguće?"

Because we lived scattered.

Zato što živimo raštrkani.

We couldn't live in a concentrated way simply because there was no resources.

Ne bismo mogli da živimo koncentrisano jednostavno zato što nije bilo resursa.

And when the resources came, be it oil,

A kada su resursi došli, bilo da se radilo o nafti,

we started building these fancy technologies

počeli smo da stvaramo ove napredne tehnologije

and bringing people together because we needed the concentration.

i da spajamo ljude jer nam je trebala koncentrisanost.

People started to get to know each other.

Ljudi su počeli da se upoznaju.

And we realized that there are some differences in accents.

I shvatili smo da postoje neke razlike u akcentima.

So that is the chapter two: the oil era.

Dakle to je drugo poglavlje: era nafte.

Let's look at today.

Pogledajmo današnjicu.

This is probably the skyline that most of you know about Doha.

Ovo je verovatno linija neba koju većina vas poznaje u vezi sa Dohom.

So what's the population today?

Pa kolika je populacija danas?

It's 1.7 million people.

1,7 miliona ljudi.

That is in less than 60 years.

Za manje od 60 godina.

The average growth of our economy is about 15 percent for the past five years.

Prosečan rast naše privrede je oko 15 procenata za proteklih pet godina.

Lifespan has increased to 78.

Životni vek se povećao na 78.

Water consumption has increased to 430 liters.

Potrošnja vode se povećala na 430 litara.

And this is amongst the highest worldwide.

A to spada u najveće na svetu.

From having no water whatsoever

Od toga da nismo imali nimalo vode

to consuming water to the highest degree, higher than any other nation.

do toga da trošimo vodu u najvećoj meri, većoj nego kod bilo koje druge nacije.

I don't know if this was a reaction to lack of water.

Ne znam da li je to bila reakcija na nedostatak vode.

But what is interesting about the story that I've just said?

Ali šta je interesantno u vezi sa pričom koju sam upravo ispričao?

The interesting part is that we continue to grow

Interesantni deo je da nastavljamo da rastemo

15 percent every year for the past five years without water.

15 procenata svake godine u poslednjih pet godina bez vode.

Now that is historic. It's never happened before in history.

Dakle to je istorijski podatak. To se nikada ranije nije desilo u istoriji.

Cities were totally wiped out because of the lack of water.

Gradovi su bivali potpuno zbrisani zbog nedostatka vode.

This is history being made in this region.

To je stvaranje istorije u ovom regionu.

Not only cities that we're building,

Mi ne gradimo samo gradove,

but cities with dreams and people who are wishing to be scientists, doctors.

već gradove sa snovima i ljudima koji žele da budu naučnici, doktori.

Build a nice home, bring the architect, design my house.

Sagraditi lep dom, dovesti arhitektu, osmisliti moju kuću.

These people are adamant that this is a livable space when it wasn't.

Ovi ljudi su čvrsto rešeni da je ovo mesto gde se može živeti i onda kada nije bilo.

But of course, with the use of technology.

Ali naravno, uz upotrebu tehnologije.

So Brazil has 1,782 millimeters per year of precipitation of rain.

Dakle Brazil ima 1.782 milimetara padavina godišnje.

Qatar has 74, and we have that growth rate.

Katar ima 74 i imamo takvu stopu rasta.

The question is how.

Pitanje je kako.

How could we survive that?

Kako smo mogli da preživimo to?

We have no water whatsoever.

Mi nemamo nimalo vode.

Simply because of this gigantic, mammoth machine called desalination.

Jednostavno zahvaljujući ovoj džinovskoj, mamutskoj mašini zvanoj desalinizacija.

Energy is the key factor here. It changed everything.

Energija je ovde ključni faktor. Ona je sve promenila.

It is that thing that we pump out of the ground, we burn tons of,

Ta stvar koju ispumpavamo iz zemlje, koju sagorevamo na tone,

probably most of you used it coming to Doha.

verovatno ju je većina vas koristila da dođe u Dohu.

So that is our lake, if you can see it.

Dakle to je naše jezero, ako razumete.

That is our river.

To je naša reka.

That is how you all happen to use and enjoy water.

To je način na koju svi vi koristite i uživate u vodi.

This is the best technology that this region could ever have: desalination.

To je najbojla tehnologija koju je ovaj region ikada mogao imati: desalinizacija.

So what are the risks?

A koji su rizici?

Do you worry much?

Da li se mnogo brinete?

I would say, perhaps if you look at the global facts,

Rekao bih, možda ako pogledate globalne činjenice,

you will realize, of course I have to worry.

shvatićete, naravno da moram da se brinem.

There is growing demand, growing population.

Postoji sve veća tražnja, sve veća populacija.

We've turned seven billion only a few months ago.

Premašili smo sedam milijardi pre samo nekoliko meseci.

And so that number also demands food.

I stoga taj broj takođe zahteva hranu.

And there's predictions that we'll be nine billion by 2050.

I postoje predviđanja da će biti devet milijardi do 2050.

So a country that has no water

Dakle zemlja koja nema vode

has to worry about what happens beyond its borders.

mora da se brine zbog onoga što se dešava van njenih granica.

There's also changing diets.

Tu su i promene u ishrani.

By elevating to a higher socio-economic level,

Uzdizanjem na viši društveno-ekonomski nivo,

they also change their diet.

oni menjaju i svoju ishranu.

They start eating more meat and so on and so forth.

Počinju da jedu više mesa i tako dalje.

On the other hand, there is declining yields

Sa druge strane, opadaju prinosi

because of climate change and because of other factors.

zbog klimatskih promena i zbog drugih faktora.

And so someone has to really realize when the crisis is going to happen.

I tako neko mora da zaista spozna kada će se kriza dogoditi.

This is the situation in Qatar, for those who don't know.

Takva je situacija u Kataru, za one koji ne znaju.

We only have two days of water reserve.

Mi imamo zalihe vode samo za dva dana.

We import 90 percent of our food,

Uvozimo 90 procenata naše hrane

and we only cultivate less than one percent of our land.

i obrađujemo manje od jednog procenta našeg zemljišta.

The limited number of farmers that we have

Ograničeni broj farmera koje imamo

have been pushed out of their farming practices

potisnut je sa njihovih farmerskih aktivnosti

as a result of open market policy and bringing the big competitions, etc., etc.

usled politike otvorenog tržišta i dovođenja velike konkurencije, itd, itd.

So we also face risks.

Dakle mi se suočavamo i sa rizicima.

These risks directly affect the sustainability of this nation and its continuity.

Ovi rizici direktno utiču na održivost ove nacije i njen kontinuitet.

The question is, is there a solution?

Pitanje je, da li postoji rešenje?

Is there a sustainable solution?

Postoji li održivo rešenje?

Indeed there is.

Postoji i te kako.

This slide sums up thousands of pages of technical documents

Ovaj slajd rezimira hiljade stranica tehničke dokumentacije

that we've been working on over the past two years.

na kojoj smo radili tokom protekle dve godine.

Let's start with the water.

Počnimo sa vodom.

So we know very well -- I showed you earlier -- that we need this energy.

Znamo veoma dobro - pokazao sam vam ranije - da nam je potrebna ova energija.

So if we're going to need energy, what sort of energy?

Ako će nam trebati energija, koja vrsta energije?

A depletable energy? Fossil fuel?

Ograničeni izvori energije? Fosilna goriva?

Or should we use something else?

Ili treba da koristimo nešto drugo?

Do we have the comparative advantage to use another sort of energy?

Da li smo u relativnoj prednosti da koristimo drugu vrstu energije?

I guess most of you by now realize that we do: 300 days of sun.

Pretpostavljam da većina vas sada već shvata da jesmo: 300 sunčanih dana.

And so we will use that renewable energy to produce the water that we need.

I tako ćemo koristiti tu obnovljivu energiju da proizvedemo vodu koja nam je potrebna.

And we will probably put 1,800 megawatts of solar systems

I verovatno ćemo iskoristiti 1800 megavati solarnih sistema

to produce 3.5 million cubic meters of water.

da proizvedemo 3,5 miliona kubnih metara vode.

And that is a lot of water.

A to je dosta vode.

That water will go then to the farmers,

Ta voda će potom otići do farmera,

and the farmers will be able to water their plants,

koji će moći da zalivaju biljke

and they will be able then to supply society with food.

i onda će moći da obezbede hranu za društvo.

But in order to sustain the horizontal line --

Ali da bismo održali horizontalnu liniju -

because these are the projects, these are the systems that we will deliver --

jer to su projekti, to su sistemi koje ćemo isporučti -

we need to also develop the vertical line:

moramo da razvijemo i vertikalnu liniju:

system sustenance, high-level education, research and development,

održavanje sistema, visoko obrazovanje, istraživanje i razvoj,

industries, technologies, to produce these technologies for application, and finally markets.

industrije, tehnologije, da bismo proizveli ove tehnologije za primenu i konačno tržišta.

But what gels all of it, what enables it, is legislation, policies, regulations.

Ali ono što sjedinjuje sve to, što sve to omogućava, jeste zakonodavstvo, strategije, propisi.

Without it we can't do anything.

Bez toga ne možemo ništa da uradimo.

So that's what we are planning to do.

Dakle to je ono što planiramo da uradimo.

Within two years we should hopefully be done with this plan

Za dve godine trebalo bi da završimo ovaj plan

and taking it to implementation.

i da krenemo sa primenom.

Our objective is to be a millennium city, just like many millennium cities around:

Naš cilj je da bjudemo milenijumski grad, poput mnogih drugih milenijumskih gradova:

Istanbul, Rome, London, Paris, Damascus, Cairo.

Istanbula, Rima, Londona, Pariza, Damaska, Kaira.

We are only 60 years old, but we want to live forever

Imamo samo 60 godina, ali želimo da živimo zauvek

as a city, to live in peace.

kao grad, da živimo u miru.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam mnogo.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)