Fahad Al-Attiya: A country with no water

150,436 views ・ 2013-01-31

TED


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00:00
Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast
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Prevoditelj: Ivo Sluganovic Recezent: Ivan Stamenković
00:15
Salaam alaikum.
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Selam alejkum (mir s vama).
00:18
Welcome to Doha.
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Dobrodošli u Dohu.
00:20
I am in charge of making this country's food secure.
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Ja sam zadužen da hrana u ovoj državi bude sigurna.
00:23
That is my job for the next two years,
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U sljedeće dvije godine moj je posao
00:25
to design an entire master plan,
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dizajnirati cijeloviti dugoročni plan
00:28
and then for the next 10 years to implement it --
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a zatim ga u sljedećih 10 godina implementirati -
00:31
of course, with so many other people.
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naravno, zajedno s mnogo drugih ljudi.
00:33
But first, I need to talk to you about a story, which is my story,
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Ali prvo, moram vam ispričati priču koja je moja priča,
00:38
about the story of this country that you're all here in today.
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priču o zemlji u kojoj ste danas.
00:42
And of course, most of you have had three meals today,
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I naravno, većina vas je danas jela tri obroka,
00:45
and probably will continue to have after this event.
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i vjerojatno će jednako nastaviti nakon ovog događaja.
00:50
So going in, what was Qatar in the 1940s?
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Dakle, počnimo, što je Katar bio u 1940-ima?
00:54
We were about 11,000 people living here.
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Ovdje je živjelo otprilike 11,000 ljudi.
00:59
There was no water. There was no energy, no oil, no cars, none of that.
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Nije bilo vode. Nije bilo energije, nafte, auta, ništa od toga.
01:06
Most of the people who lived here
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Većina od ljudi koji su ovdje živjeli,
01:07
either lived in coastal villages, fishing,
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živjela je ili u obalnim selima, ribareći
01:10
or were nomads who roamed around with the environment trying to find water.
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ili su bili nomadi koji su lutali okruženjem pokušavajući
01:15
None of the glamour that you see today existed.
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pronaći vodu. Ništa od glamura koji danas vidite nije postojalo.
01:19
No cities like you see today in Doha or Dubai or Abu Dhabi or Kuwait or Riyadh.
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Ni gradovi kakve danas vidite u Dohi, Dubaiju, Abu Dabiju, Kuvajtu ili Rijadu.
01:24
It wasn't that they couldn't develop cities.
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Nije da tada nisu mogli razviti gradove,
01:27
Resources weren't there to develop them.
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nisu postojali resursi za razviti ih.
01:29
And you can see that life expectancy was also short.
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A možete vidjeti i da je očekivano trajanje života bilo kratko.
01:32
Most people died around the age of 50.
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Većina ljudi umirala je u blizini 50-ih godina.
01:33
So let's move to chapter two: the oil era.
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Krenimo na drugo poglavlje: doba nafte.
01:37
1939, that's when they discovered oil.
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1939. godina, tada je nafta otkrivena.
01:40
But unfortunately, it wasn't really fully exploited commercially
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Nažalost, nije u potpunosti komercijalno iskorištena
01:45
until after the Second World War.
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do nakon Drugog svjetskog rata.
01:48
What did it do?
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Što je nafta uzrokovala?
01:50
It changed the face of this country, as you can see today and witness.
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Promijenila je ovu zemlju iz temelja, što danas možete vidjeti i osjetiti.
01:53
It also made all those people who roamed around the desert --
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Ovo je, također, sve one ljude koji su lutali pustinjom -
01:57
looking for water, looking for food,
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tražeći vodu, tražeći hranu,
02:00
trying to take care of their livestock -- urbanize.
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pokušavajući se brinuti o stoci - urbaniziralo.
02:04
You might find this strange,
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Ovo vam se može činiti čudnim,
02:06
but in my family we have different accents.
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ali mi u mojoj obitelji imamo različite naglaske.
02:10
My mother has an accent that is so different to my father,
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Moja majka ima naglasak koji je vrlo različit od naglaska mog oca,
02:14
and we're all a population of about 300,000 people in the same country.
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a populacija smo od otprilike 300.000 ljudi u istoj državi.
02:19
There are about five or six accents in this country as I speak.
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Danas u ovoj zemlji postoje pet ili šest različitih naglasaka.
02:23
Someone says, "How so? How could this happen?"
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Netko se može pitati: "Kako? Kako se ovo moglo dogoditi?"
02:26
Because we lived scattered.
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Zato što smo živjeli raspršeno.
02:28
We couldn't live in a concentrated way simply because there was no resources.
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Nismo mogli živjeti na koncentriranom prostoru jednostavno zato što nije bilo resursa.
02:33
And when the resources came, be it oil,
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A kada su resursi stigli, bila je to nafta,
02:37
we started building these fancy technologies
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počeli smo razvijati moderne tehnologije
02:40
and bringing people together because we needed the concentration.
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i skupljati ljude zajedno jer smo trebali koncentraciju.
02:44
People started to get to know each other.
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Ljudi su se počeli upoznavati.
02:46
And we realized that there are some differences in accents.
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I shvatili smo da postoje razlike u naglascima.
02:50
So that is the chapter two: the oil era.
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Dakle, ovo je poglavlje dva: doba nafte.
02:53
Let's look at today.
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Pogledajmo današnju sliku.
02:55
This is probably the skyline that most of you know about Doha.
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Ovo je krajolik po kojem većina vas vjerojatno zna Dohu.
03:00
So what's the population today?
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Koja je današnja populacija?
03:01
It's 1.7 million people.
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Ona iznosi 1.7 milijuna ljudi.
03:04
That is in less than 60 years.
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Ovo se dogodilo u manje od 60 godina.
03:06
The average growth of our economy is about 15 percent for the past five years.
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Prosječan rast gospodarstva je približno 15 posto u proteklih pet godina.
03:12
Lifespan has increased to 78.
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Očekivani životni vijek se produžio na 78.
03:15
Water consumption has increased to 430 liters.
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Potrošnja vode je porasla na 430 litara po osobi.
03:20
And this is amongst the highest worldwide.
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I među najvećima je u svijetu.
03:23
From having no water whatsoever
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Od potpune nestašice vode
03:26
to consuming water to the highest degree, higher than any other nation.
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do potrošnje na najvišoj razini, višoj od bilo koje druge nacije.
03:31
I don't know if this was a reaction to lack of water.
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Ne znam je li ovo rezultat nestašice vode.
03:35
But what is interesting about the story that I've just said?
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Ali što je zanimljivo u priči koju sam upravo ispričao?
03:41
The interesting part is that we continue to grow
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Zanimljiv dio je što nastavljamo rasti
03:44
15 percent every year for the past five years without water.
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15 posto svake godine u proteklih pet godina, bez vode.
03:51
Now that is historic. It's never happened before in history.
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Ovo je nešto povijesno. Nikad se ranije nije dogodilo u povijesti.
03:56
Cities were totally wiped out because of the lack of water.
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Gradovi su u potpunosti izbrisani zbog nedostatka vode.
04:00
This is history being made in this region.
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Povijest se piše u ovoj regiji.
04:02
Not only cities that we're building,
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Ne samo gradovi koje gradimo,
04:04
but cities with dreams and people who are wishing to be scientists, doctors.
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nego gradovi sa snovima i ljudima koji žele biti znanstvenici, doktori.
04:09
Build a nice home, bring the architect, design my house.
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Živi, sagradi lijep dom, dovedi arhitekta, dizajniraj kuću.
04:12
These people are adamant that this is a livable space when it wasn't.
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Ovi ljudi su uporni da je ovo prostor za život, iako nije bio.
04:19
But of course, with the use of technology.
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Ali naravno, uz korištenje tehnologije.
04:21
So Brazil has 1,782 millimeters per year of precipitation of rain.
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Brazil ima 1.782 milimetara kiše i padalina godišnje.
04:27
Qatar has 74, and we have that growth rate.
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Katar ima 74, ali imamo ovakvu stopu rasta.
04:30
The question is how.
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Pitanje je, kako?
04:32
How could we survive that?
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Kako smo uspjeli to preživjeti?
04:35
We have no water whatsoever.
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Uopće nemamo vode.
04:37
Simply because of this gigantic, mammoth machine called desalination.
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Jednostavno zbog ovog gigantskog, mamutskog stroja zvanog desalinizator.
04:44
Energy is the key factor here. It changed everything.
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Energija je ovdje ključni faktor. Sve je promijenila.
04:48
It is that thing that we pump out of the ground, we burn tons of,
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Ona je to što pumpamo iz tla, čega tone spaljujemo,
04:52
probably most of you used it coming to Doha.
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većina ju je vjerojatno koristila tijekom dolaska u Dohu.
04:55
So that is our lake, if you can see it.
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To je, dakle, naše jezero, ako ga možete zamisliti.
04:58
That is our river.
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To je naša rijeka.
05:00
That is how you all happen to use and enjoy water.
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Tako se dogodilo da svi vi možete koristiti i uživati vodu.
05:05
This is the best technology that this region could ever have: desalination.
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To je najbolja tehnologija koju ova regija ikad može imati: desalinizacija.
05:12
So what are the risks?
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Što su rizici?
05:14
Do you worry much?
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Brine li vas to mnogo?
05:16
I would say, perhaps if you look at the global facts,
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Rekao bih, pogledate li možda globalne činjenice,
05:20
you will realize, of course I have to worry.
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shvatit ćete, naravno da se brinem.
05:22
There is growing demand, growing population.
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Potražnja je sve snažnija, populacija raste,
05:25
We've turned seven billion only a few months ago.
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A premašili smo sedam milijardi prije tek nekoliko mjeseci.
05:28
And so that number also demands food.
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Ovaj broj ljudi zahjeva hranu.
05:32
And there's predictions that we'll be nine billion by 2050.
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Postoje predviđanja da će nas biti devet milijardi do 2050.
05:35
So a country that has no water
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I zato se zemlja koja nema vode
05:38
has to worry about what happens beyond its borders.
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mora brinuti što se događa izvan njezinih granica.
05:41
There's also changing diets.
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Prehrana se također mijenja.
05:44
By elevating to a higher socio-economic level,
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Porastom na viši socio-ekonomski nivo,
05:48
they also change their diet.
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ljudi također mijenjaju svoju prehranu.
05:50
They start eating more meat and so on and so forth.
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Počinju jesti više mesa i sve što slijedi.
05:53
On the other hand, there is declining yields
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U drugu ruku, prinosi padaju
05:55
because of climate change and because of other factors.
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zbog klimatskih promjena i ostalih faktora.
05:58
And so someone has to really realize when the crisis is going to happen.
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I netko mora zbilja shvatiti kad će se kriza dogoditi.
06:03
This is the situation in Qatar, for those who don't know.
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Ovo je situacija u Katru, za one koji ne znaju.
06:07
We only have two days of water reserve.
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Imamo rezervu vode za samo dva dana.
06:10
We import 90 percent of our food,
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Uvozimo 90 posto naše hrane
06:12
and we only cultivate less than one percent of our land.
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i obrađujemo manje od jednog postotka naše zemlje.
06:16
The limited number of farmers that we have
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Ograničeni broj poljoprivrednika koje imamo
06:19
have been pushed out of their farming practices
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nikad nisu bili izgurani od svojih poljoprivrednih praksi
06:22
as a result of open market policy and bringing the big competitions, etc., etc.
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kao rezultat otvorenog tržišta i dolaska velikih igrača itd.
06:28
So we also face risks.
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Zbog toga i nama prijete rizici.
06:31
These risks directly affect the sustainability of this nation and its continuity.
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Ovi rizici direktno utječu na održivost ove nacije i naš opstanak.
06:38
The question is, is there a solution?
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Pitanje je: postoji li rješenje?
06:41
Is there a sustainable solution?
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Postoji li održivo rješenje?
06:43
Indeed there is.
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Zapravo, postoji.
06:45
This slide sums up thousands of pages of technical documents
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Ovaj prikaz sažima tisuće stranica tehničkih dokumenata
06:49
that we've been working on over the past two years.
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na kojima radimo u protekle dvije godine.
06:52
Let's start with the water.
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Krenimo od vode.
06:53
So we know very well -- I showed you earlier -- that we need this energy.
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Znamo vrlo dobro - ranije sam vam pokazao - da trebamo energiju.
06:57
So if we're going to need energy, what sort of energy?
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Ako će nam trebati energija, koji tip energije?
07:00
A depletable energy? Fossil fuel?
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Iscrpljiva energija? Fosilna goriva?
07:02
Or should we use something else?
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Ili bismo trebali koristiti nešto drugo?
07:05
Do we have the comparative advantage to use another sort of energy?
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Imamo li komparativnu prednost u korištenju neke druge verste energije?
07:08
I guess most of you by now realize that we do: 300 days of sun.
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Pretpostavljam da vas do sada većina shvaća da imamo: 300 dana sunca.
07:12
And so we will use that renewable energy to produce the water that we need.
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Koristit ćemo ovu obnovljivu energiju da proizvedemo vodu koja nam je potrebna.
07:17
And we will probably put 1,800 megawatts of solar systems
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Vjerojatno ćemo postaviti 1.800 megavata solarnih sustava
07:23
to produce 3.5 million cubic meters of water.
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da bismo proizveli 3,5 milijuna kubičnih metara vode.
07:25
And that is a lot of water.
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A to je mnogo vode.
07:27
That water will go then to the farmers,
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Ova će voda zatim ići poljoprivrednicima
07:30
and the farmers will be able to water their plants,
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i poljoprivrednici će moći zalijevati svoje biljke,
07:32
and they will be able then to supply society with food.
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i bit će u mogućnosti opskrbiti društvo hranom.
07:36
But in order to sustain the horizontal line --
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Ali kako bi horizontalna linija bila održiva -
07:38
because these are the projects, these are the systems that we will deliver --
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jer ovo su projekti, ovo su sustavi koje ćemo isporučiti -
07:41
we need to also develop the vertical line:
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moramo također razviti i vertikalnu liniju:
07:44
system sustenance, high-level education, research and development,
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održavanje sustava, obrazovanje na visokom nivou, istraživanje i razvoj,
07:49
industries, technologies, to produce these technologies for application, and finally markets.
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industrija, tehnologije, kako bismo proizveli ove tehnologije za primjenu i konačno za tržišta.
07:54
But what gels all of it, what enables it, is legislation, policies, regulations.
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Ali ono što pokreće i omogućuje je sve ovo je zakonodavstvo, politike i regulacije.
08:01
Without it we can't do anything.
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Bez njih, ne možemo ništa.
08:03
So that's what we are planning to do.
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I to je ono što planiramo učiniti.
08:04
Within two years we should hopefully be done with this plan
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U sljedeće dvije godine nadamo se završiti s ovim planom
08:08
and taking it to implementation.
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i prijeći na njegovu implementaciju.
08:10
Our objective is to be a millennium city, just like many millennium cities around:
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Naš cilj je biti milenijski grad, kao mnogi milenijski gradovi drugdje:
08:17
Istanbul, Rome, London, Paris, Damascus, Cairo.
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Istanbul, Rim, London, Pariz, Damask, Kairo.
08:24
We are only 60 years old, but we want to live forever
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Stari smo samo 60 godina, ali želimo živjeti zauvijek
08:28
as a city, to live in peace.
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kao grad, živjeti u miru.
08:32
Thank you very much.
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Mnogo vam hvala.
08:34
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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