Fahad Al-Attiya: A country with no water

Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast

Translator: Muhammad Aizat Zainal Alam Reviewer: Pei Fang Ng

Salaam alaikum.

Salaam alaikum.

Welcome to Doha.

Selamat datang ke Doha.

I am in charge of making this country's food secure.

Saya bertanggungjawab terhadap keselamatan makanan di negara ini.

That is my job for the next two years,

Inilah kerja saya untuk 2 tahun akan datang,

to design an entire master plan,

untuk mereka sebuah pelan induk,

and then for the next 10 years to implement it --

dan saya mempunyai 10 tahun untuk melaksanakannya --

of course, with so many other people.

Semestinya, dengan bantuan ramai yang lain.

But first, I need to talk to you about a story, which is my story,

Tapi pertama sekali, saya nak ceritakan

about the story of this country that you're all here in today.

tentang negara ini.

And of course, most of you have had three meals today,

Semestinya, anda sudah makan 3 kali hari ini,

and probably will continue to have after this event.

dan mungkin juga sekali lagi selepas majlis ini.

So going in, what was Qatar in the 1940s?

Mari kita teruskan. Apakah keadaan Qatar pada tahun 1940-an?

We were about 11,000 people living here.

Hanya 11,000 orang yang tinggal di sini.

There was no water. There was no energy, no oil, no cars, none of that.

Tempat ini tiada air, tenaga, minyak, dan kereta.

Most of the people who lived here

Kebanyakan orang yang tinggal di sini

either lived in coastal villages, fishing,

tinggal di kawasan persisiran pantai dan menangkap ikan

or were nomads who roamed around with the environment trying to find water.

atau merupakan nomad yang merayau merata untuk mencari sumber air

None of the glamour that you see today existed.

Tidak pernah ada semua kemewahan yang anda dapat lihat pada hari ini.

No cities like you see today in Doha or Dubai or Abu Dhabi or Kuwait or Riyadh.

Tiada bandar seperti Doha, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Kuwait atau Riyadh.

It wasn't that they couldn't develop cities.

Bukan disebabkan mereka tidak mampu membinanya,

Resources weren't there to develop them.

tapi mereka tiada sumber yang mencukupi.

And you can see that life expectancy was also short.

Jangka hayat rakyat negara ini pendek.

Most people died around the age of 50.

Kebanyakannya meninggal dunia di sekitar usia 50 tahun.

So let's move to chapter two: the oil era.

Mari kita teruskan: Zaman minyak.

1939, that's when they discovered oil.

Mereka menemui punca minyak pada tahun 1939.

But unfortunately, it wasn't really fully exploited commercially

Tapi ia tidak digunakan secara komersial sepenuhnya

until after the Second World War.

sehinggalah selepas Perang Dunia Kedua.

What did it do?

Apakah kesan penemuan minyak?

It changed the face of this country, as you can see today and witness.

Ia mengubah wajah negara ini, seperti yang anda dapat lihat kini.

It also made all those people who roamed around the desert --

Ia juga menyebabkan nomad di padang pasir --

looking for water, looking for food,

mencari air dan makanan,

trying to take care of their livestock -- urbanize.

dan menjaga ternakan mereka -- pembandaran.

You might find this strange,

Mungkin anda merasakan bahawa ini pelik,

but in my family we have different accents.

tetapi ahli keluarga saya berbahasa dengan pelbagai loghat.

My mother has an accent that is so different to my father,

Loghat ibu saya begitu berbeza dengan loghat ayah saya.

and we're all a population of about 300,000 people in the same country.

Rakyat negara ini hanyalah dalam 300,000 orang.

There are about five or six accents in this country as I speak.

Tetapi ada 5 atau 6 loghat bahasa negara saya.

Someone says, "How so? How could this happen?"

Ada orang tanya saya, "Bagaimana ini boleh terjadi?"

Because we lived scattered.

Jawapannya, kami hidup di tempat yang berbeza.

We couldn't live in a concentrated way simply because there was no resources.

Kami tidak bertumpu di sesebuah kawasan kerana ketiadaan sumber.

And when the resources came, be it oil,

Apabila terdapatnya sumber, yakni minyak,

we started building these fancy technologies

kami mula mereka pelbagai teknologi canggih

and bringing people together because we needed the concentration.

dan menumpukan penduduk di sesebuh kawasan.

People started to get to know each other.

Mereka mula mengenali antara satu sama lain.

And we realized that there are some differences in accents.

Kami tahu tentang kepelbagaian loghat bahasa kami.

So that is the chapter two: the oil era.

Itulah zaman penemuan minyak.

Let's look at today.

Mari kita lihat zaman sekarang.

This is probably the skyline that most of you know about Doha.

Inilah pemandangan Doha yang anda semua kenali.

So what's the population today?

Berapakah jumlah penduduk?

It's 1.7 million people.

Seramai 1.7 juta orang.

That is in less than 60 years.

Ia dicapai dalam masa kurang daripada 60 tahun.

The average growth of our economy is about 15 percent for the past five years.

Kadar purata pertumbuhan ekonomi ialah 15% selama 5 tahun yang lalu.

Lifespan has increased to 78.

Kadar hayat meningkat kepada 78 tahun.

Water consumption has increased to 430 liters.

Penggunaan air meningkat kepada 430 liter.

And this is amongst the highest worldwide.

Ia adalah antara yang tertinggi di dunia.

From having no water whatsoever

Daripada tidak mempunyai sumber air

to consuming water to the highest degree, higher than any other nation.

hinggalah menggunakan air dengan kadar yang amat tinggi.

I don't know if this was a reaction to lack of water.

Entah ini merupakan reaksi terhadap ketiadaan air.

But what is interesting about the story that I've just said?

Apakah yang menariknya tentang cerita saya?

The interesting part is that we continue to grow

Yang menarik ialah, berlakunya pertumbuhan ekonomi

15 percent every year for the past five years without water.

15% selama 5 tahun tanpa sumber air.

Now that is historic. It's never happened before in history.

Ia sesuatu yang tidak pernah berlaku dalam sejarah.

Cities were totally wiped out because of the lack of water.

Banyak bandar musnah kerana ketiadaan air.

This is history being made in this region.

Sejarah ini tercipta di rantau ini.

Not only cities that we're building,

Bukan sahaja bandar semata-mata yang kami bina,

but cities with dreams and people who are wishing to be scientists, doctors.

tetapi bandar-bandar yang penuh dengan impian dan orang yang mahu menjadi ahli sains dan doktor.

Build a nice home, bring the architect, design my house.

Bina rumah yang mewah, pilih seorang jurubina dan reka rumah saya.

These people are adamant that this is a livable space when it wasn't.

Mereka percaya tempat ini sesuai didiami walhal ia sebaliknya.

But of course, with the use of technology.

Semestinya, mereka perlukan teknologi.

So Brazil has 1,782 millimeters per year of precipitation of rain.

Kadar pemendapan air hujan di Brazil ialah 1,782 mm setahun.

Qatar has 74, and we have that growth rate.

Di Qatar ialah 74 mm, walhal kadar pertumbuhan kami adalah tinggi.

The question is how.

Jadi soalannya, bagaimana?

How could we survive that?

Bagaimana kami boleh hidup sebegini?

We have no water whatsoever.

Kami tidak mempunyai air.

Simply because of this gigantic, mammoth machine called desalination.

Jawapannya, mesin penyahgaraman yang besar ini.

Energy is the key factor here. It changed everything.

Sumber tenaga ialah faktor utama. Ia mengubah segalanya.

It is that thing that we pump out of the ground, we burn tons of,

Ia benda yang kami gali dari bawah tanah, kami gunakannya dalam kadar yang tinggi.

probably most of you used it coming to Doha.

Mungkin anda gunakannya untuk datang ke Doha.

So that is our lake, if you can see it.

Itulah tasik kami, jika anda boleh lihat.

That is our river.

Itulah sungai kami.

That is how you all happen to use and enjoy water.

Dengan itulah anda dapat menggunakan air.

This is the best technology that this region could ever have: desalination.

Inilah teknologi terbaik yang terdapat di rantau ini: penyahgaraman.

So what are the risks?

Apakah risikonya?

Do you worry much?

Anda risaukah?

I would say, perhaps if you look at the global facts,

Jika anda lihat fakta global,

you will realize, of course I have to worry.

anda akan sedar, semestinya anda perlu risau.

There is growing demand, growing population.

Kadar permintaan dan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk telah meningkat.

We've turned seven billion only a few months ago.

Jumlah penduduk mencecah 7 bilion beberapa bulan lalu.

And so that number also demands food.

Kami semua memerlukan makanan.

And there's predictions that we'll be nine billion by 2050.

Diramalkan kami akan mencecah 9 bilion menjelang tahun 2050.

So a country that has no water

Jadi, negara yang tiada air

has to worry about what happens beyond its borders.

perlu risaukan apa yang akan terjadi di luar rantaunya.

There's also changing diets.

Cara pemakanan juga berubah.

By elevating to a higher socio-economic level,

Dengan peningkatan kadar sosioekonomi,

they also change their diet.

rakyatnya mengubah cara pemakanannya.

They start eating more meat and so on and so forth.

Mereka mula makan lebih banyak daging dan sebagainya.

On the other hand, there is declining yields

Selain itu, kadar hasil tanaman menurun

because of climate change and because of other factors.

kerana perubahan cuaca dan pelbagai faktor lain.

And so someone has to really realize when the crisis is going to happen.

Jadi, seseorang kena sedar bila akan terjadinya sesuatu krisis.

This is the situation in Qatar, for those who don't know.

Inilah situasinya di Qatar, bagi mereka yang tidak tahu.

We only have two days of water reserve.

Kami hanya mempunyai simpanan air untuk 2 hari sahaja.

We import 90 percent of our food,

Kami mengimport 90% daripada makanan kami,

and we only cultivate less than one percent of our land.

Kami mengerjakan 1% daripada tanah kami.

The limited number of farmers that we have

Jumlah petani kami yang rendah

have been pushed out of their farming practices

tersingkir daripada bidang pertanian

as a result of open market policy and bringing the big competitions, etc., etc.

kerana dasar perdagangan terbuka yang membawa masuk persaingan sengit dan sebagainya.

So we also face risks.

Jadi, kami menghadapi risikonya.

These risks directly affect the sustainability of this nation and its continuity.

Ia mempengaruhi kelestarian dan kesinambungan negara ini secara langsung.

The question is, is there a solution?

Soalannya, adakah terdapat penyelesaian?

Is there a sustainable solution?

Adakah terdapat penyelesaian yang lestari?

Indeed there is.

Sebenarnya ada.

This slide sums up thousands of pages of technical documents

Slaid ini menyimpulkan dokumen teknikal

that we've been working on over the past two years.

yang kami usahakan selama 2 tahun yang lalu.

Let's start with the water.

Mari kita mulakan dengan isu air.

So we know very well -- I showed you earlier -- that we need this energy.

Kita sudah tahu -- saya tunjukkan awal tadi -- kami perlukan sumber tenaga ini.

So if we're going to need energy, what sort of energy?

Kami perlukan sumber tenaga, tetapi jenis apa?

A depletable energy? Fossil fuel?

Sumber tenaga boleh habis? Bahan bakar fosil?

Or should we use something else?

Atau sumber lain?

Do we have the comparative advantage to use another sort of energy?

Mampukah kami menggunakan sumber tenaga yang lain?

I guess most of you by now realize that we do: 300 days of sun.

Saya rasa, anda tahu jawapannya, ya: Kami ada cahaya matahari sebanyak 300 hari.

And so we will use that renewable energy to produce the water that we need.

Kami akan menggunakan tenaga yang boleh dibaharui untuk menghasilkan air yang diperlukan.

And we will probably put 1,800 megawatts of solar systems

Kami perlukan 1,800 megawatt tenaga suria

to produce 3.5 million cubic meters of water.

untuk menghasilkan 3.5 juta meter padu air.

And that is a lot of water.

Jumlah itu sungguh banyak.

That water will go then to the farmers,

Air tersebut akan disalurkan kepada petani.

and the farmers will be able to water their plants,

Mereka boleh mengendalikan pertanian mereka

and they will be able then to supply society with food.

dan membekalkan hasil kepada masyarakat.

But in order to sustain the horizontal line --

Tetapi untuk melestarikan bahagian melintang ini --

because these are the projects, these are the systems that we will deliver --

kerana inilah sistem yang kami akan hasilkan --

we need to also develop the vertical line:

kami juga perlu membangunkan bahagian menegak ini:

system sustenance, high-level education, research and development,

penyelenggaraan sistem, pendidikan bertaraf tinggi, penyelidikan dan pembangunan,

industries, technologies, to produce these technologies for application, and finally markets.

industri, teknologi, menghasilkan teknologi untuk digunakan, dan pasaran.

But what gels all of it, what enables it, is legislation, policies, regulations.

Tetapi apa yang membolehkannya berlaku ialah undang-undang, polisi dan peraturan.

Without it we can't do anything.

Tanpanya, kami tak mampu lakukan apa-apa.

So that's what we are planning to do.

Jadi, itulah yang kami mahu lakukan.

Within two years we should hopefully be done with this plan

Harap-harap kami dapat siapkan pelan ini dalam masa 2 tahun

and taking it to implementation.

dan laksanakannya.

Our objective is to be a millennium city, just like many millennium cities around:

Objektif kami adalah untuk menjadi sebuah kota alaf baru, seperti kota-kota yang kita dapat lihat hari ini:

Istanbul, Rome, London, Paris, Damascus, Cairo.

Istanbul, Rom, London, Paris, Damsyik, Kaherah.

We are only 60 years old, but we want to live forever

Kami hanya berumur 60 tahun, tetapi kami mahu hidup selama-lamanya

as a city, to live in peace.

sebagai sebuah kota, untuk hidup dalam kesejahteraan.

Thank you very much.

Terima kasih banyak-banyak.

(Applause)

(Tepukan)