New experiments in self-teaching | Sugata Mitra

975,639 views ・ 2010-09-07

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jinmyeong Jeong κ²€ν† : Tae-Hoon Chung
00:17
Well, that's kind of an obvious statement up there.
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뭐, μ € μœ„μ— 써진 건 μ–΄μ°Œ 보면 λ‹Ήμ—°ν•œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
I started with that sentence about 12 years ago,
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μ „ 12λ…„ μ „λΆ€ν„° 이 λ¬Έμž₯을 μ“°κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
and I started in the context
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그리고 κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­μ΄λΌλŠ”
00:25
of developing countries,
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λ¬Έλ§₯μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ£ .
00:27
but you're sitting here from every corner of the world.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬κΈ° 계신 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 세계 κ³³κ³³μ—μ„œ μ˜€μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
So if you think of a map of your country,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 각자 λͺ¨κ΅­μ˜ 지도λ₯Ό λ– μ˜¬λ € λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:33
I think you'll realize
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 세계 μ–΄λŠ λ‚˜λΌκ°€ 됐건
00:35
that for every country on Earth,
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곳곳에 μž‘μ€ 동그라미λ₯Ό 그리고
00:37
you could draw little circles to say,
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"μ—¬κΈ΄ 쒋은 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€κΈ° μ‹«μ–΄ν•˜λŠ” 곳이야"라고
00:39
"These are places where good teachers won't go."
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말할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ 아셨을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
On top of that,
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λ”μš±μ΄,
00:45
those are the places from where trouble comes.
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그런 μž₯μ†Œμ•Όλ§λ‘œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 곳이죠.
00:48
So we have an ironic problem --
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μ•„μ΄λŸ¬λ‹ˆν•œ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
good teachers don't want to go
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쒋은 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ€ μ •λ§λ‘œ 그듀을
00:52
to just those places where they're needed the most.
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ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” 곳에 κ°€κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
00:55
I started in 1999
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μ „ 1999λ…„λΆ€ν„° 이 문제λ₯Ό
00:58
to try and address this problem with an experiment,
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νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
which was a very simple experiment in New Delhi.
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λ‰΄λΈλ¦¬μ—μ„œ ν•œ 맀우 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
01:06
I basically embedded a computer
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κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ λ§ν•˜λ©΄ μ €λŠ” λ‰΄λΈλ¦¬μ˜ μŠ¬λŸΌκ°€μ— μžˆλŠ”
01:09
into a wall of a slum in New Delhi.
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λ²½ ν•œ 곳에 컴퓨터λ₯Ό μ„€μΉ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
The children barely went to school, they didn't know any English --
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κ·Έ 곳의 아이듀은 거의 학ꡐ에 가지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜μ–΄λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄μ£ .
01:16
they'd never seen a computer before,
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전에 μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λŠ” λ³Έ 적도 μ—†κ³ ,
01:18
and they didn't know what the internet was.
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인터넷이 뭔지도 λͺ°λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
I connected high speed internet to it -- it's about three feet off the ground --
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μ €λŠ” 컴퓨터에 고속 인터넷을 μ—°κ²°ν•˜κ³ 
01:24
turned it on and left it there.
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1λ―Έν„° μ •λ„μ˜ 높이에 μΌœλ…Ό μƒνƒœλ‘œ λ’€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
After this,
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κ·Έ 이후에 두어 가지
01:28
we noticed a couple of interesting things, which you'll see.
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μž¬λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” 사싀을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆκ³  μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜λ„ 곧 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μ§€λ§Œ
01:31
But I repeated this all over India
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κ·Έ 전에, μ €λŠ” 이 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ 인도 μ „μ—­μ—μ„œ λ°˜λ³΅ν–ˆκ³ 
01:34
and then through
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κ·Έ 이후엔 μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λ§Žμ€ κ³³μ—μ„œ
01:36
a large part of the world
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λ°˜λ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
and noticed
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그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ μ•Œκ²Œ 된 것은
01:40
that children will learn to do
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아이듀은 μžκΈ°κ°€ 배우길 μ›ν•˜λŠ”
01:42
what they want to learn to do.
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것을 λ°°μš΄λ‹€λΌλŠ” μ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
This is the first experiment that we did --
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이게 우리의 첫 μ‹€ν—˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
eight year-old boy on your right
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였λ₯Έμͺ½μ˜ μ—¬λŸ μ‚΄ λ‚œ μ†Œλ…„μ΄
01:49
teaching his student, a six year-old girl,
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자기 학생인 μ—¬μ„― μ‚΄ λ‚œ μ†Œλ…€μ—κ²Œ
01:52
and he was teaching her how to browse.
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웹을 νƒμƒ‰ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
This boy here in the middle of central India --
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이 μ†Œλ…„μ€ 인도 μ€‘λΆ€μ˜ ν•œκ°€μš΄λ° μ‚½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
this is in a Rajasthan village,
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그리고 μ—¬κΈ΄ λΌμžμŠ€νƒ„ λ§ˆμ„μΈλ°
02:02
where the children recorded their own music
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 아이듀은 μžκΈ°λ“€λΌλ¦¬ μŒμ•…μ„ λ…ΉμŒν•˜κ³ 
02:05
and then played it back to each other
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μ„œλ‘œμ—κ²Œ λ“€λ €μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
and in the process,
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아이듀은
02:10
they've enjoyed themselves thoroughly.
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이 과정을 흠뻑 μ¦κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
They did all of this in four hours
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λ„€ μ‹œκ°„ λ§Œμ— 이 λͺ¨λ“  κ±Έ ν•΄λƒˆμ£ .
02:14
after seeing the computer for the first time.
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컴퓨터λ₯Ό 맨 처음으둜 보고 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
In another South Indian village,
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인도 λ‚¨λΆ€μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§ˆμ„μ—μ„œλŠ”
02:20
these boys here
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이 μ†Œλ…„λ“€μ΄
02:22
had assembled a video camera
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λ””μ¦ˆλ‹ˆ μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλ‚˜ 그런 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μ›Ή μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμ—μ„œ
02:24
and were trying to take the photograph of a bumble bee.
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λ‹€μš΄λ‘œλ“œ ν•œ μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄ μƒμ—μ„œ
02:26
They downloaded it from Disney.com,
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λΉ„λ””μ˜€ 카메라λ₯Ό μ‘°λ¦½ν•œ λ‹€μŒ
02:28
or one of these websites,
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ν˜Έλ°•λ²Œ 사진을 찍으렀고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
14 days after putting the computer in their village.
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λ§ˆμ„μ— 컴퓨터λ₯Ό μ„€μΉ˜ν•œ 지 14일이 μ§€λ‚œ λ’€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
So at the end of it,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ²°κ΅­ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
02:38
we concluded that groups of children
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μ•„μ΄λ“€λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ 이루어진 그룹은
02:40
can learn to use computers and the internet on their own,
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어디에 μžˆλŠ” λˆ„κ΅¬κ±΄
02:43
irrespective of who
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컴퓨터와 μΈν„°λ„·μ˜ μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ„
02:45
or where they were.
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슀슀둜 λ°°μ›Œλ‚˜κ°ˆ 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  κ²°λ‘  λ‚΄λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
At that point, I became a little more ambitious
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이쯀 λ˜λ‹ˆ 저도 더 큰 꿈이 μƒκ²¨μ„œ
02:51
and decided to see
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아이듀이 μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λ‘œ
02:54
what else could children do with a computer.
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뭘 더 ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€λ₯Ό 보기둜 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
We started off with an experiment in Hyderabad, India,
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μΈλ„μ˜ ν•˜μ΄λ°λΌλ°”λ“œμ—μ„œ μ§„ν–‰ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„ 
03:00
where I gave a group of children --
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κ·Έ 곳의 μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ...
03:03
they spoke English with a very strong Telugu accent.
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κ·Έ 아이듀은 텔루ꡬ어 얡양이 맀우 κ°•ν•œ μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό μ“°λŠ”λ°
03:06
I gave them a computer
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μŒμ„±μ„ ν…μŠ€νŠΈλ‘œ λ³€ν™˜ν•˜λŠ”
03:08
with a speech-to-text interface,
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μž₯μΉ˜κ°€ 달린 컴퓨터λ₯Ό μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
which you now get free with Windows,
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μš”μ¦˜μ€ κ·Έλƒ₯ μœˆλ„μš°μ¦ˆμ— λ”Έλ € λ‚˜μ˜€μ£ .
03:13
and asked them to speak into it.
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그리고 컴퓨터 μ•žμ—μ„œ 말해보라고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
So when they spoke into it,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 아이듀이 말을 ν–ˆλ”λ‹ˆ
03:17
the computer typed out gibberish,
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μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λŠ” λ¬΄μ˜λ―Έν•œ 단어듀을 λ‚΄λ±‰μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
so they said, "Well, it doesn't understand anything of what we are saying."
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아이듀은 "μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ λͺ» μ•Œμ•„λ“£λŠ”λ°μš”."라고 λ§ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
03:21
So I said, "Yeah, I'll leave it here for two months.
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μ €λŠ” "뭐, 두 달간 여기에 놔 λ‘˜κ²Œ.
03:23
Make yourself understood
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μ»΄ν“¨ν„°μ—κ²Œ λ„ˆν¬λ“€μ΄ λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ μ΄ν•΄μ‹œμΌœ 보렴."
03:25
to the computer."
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이라고 λ§ν–ˆμ£ .
03:27
So the children said, "How do we do that."
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아이듀은 λ‹€μ‹œ "μ–΄λ–»κ²Œμš”?"라고 λ¬»λ”κ΅°μš”.
03:29
And I said,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€
03:31
"I don't know, actually."
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"사싀 λ‚˜λ„ λͺ°λΌ." 라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:35
And I left.
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그리고 가버렸죠.
03:37
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:40
Two months later --
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두 달 ν›„,
03:42
and this is now documented
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μ•„ 그리고 이 κ²°κ³ΌλŠ”
03:44
in the Information Technology
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"정보 기술과 ꡭ제 개발"μ΄λΌλŠ”
03:46
for International Development journal --
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ν•™μˆ μ§€μ— μ‹€λ ΈλŠ”λ°
03:48
that accents had changed
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 얡양이 거의
03:50
and were remarkably close to the neutral British accent
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ν‘œμ€€μ μΈ 영ꡭ 얡양에 κ°€κΉκ²Œ λ³€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
in which I had trained the speech-to-text synthesizer.
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μ œκ°€ μŒμ„± ν…μŠ€νŠΈ λ³€ν™˜κΈ°μ— ν•™μŠ΅μ‹œν‚¨ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 발음처럼 말이죠.
03:56
In other words, they were all speaking like James Tooley.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ λ‹€λ“€ 영ꡭ인 κ΅μœ‘ν•™μž μ œμž„μŠ€ 툴리처럼 λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
04:01
So they could do that on their own.
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아이듀 슀슀둜 ν•΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
After that, I started to experiment
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κ·Έ 이후에 μ „ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 것도
04:05
with various other things
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그듀이 슀슀둜 κΉ¨μΉ  수 μžˆλ‚˜
04:07
that they might learn to do on their own.
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μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
I got an interesting phone call once from Columbo,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€ μŠ€λ¦¬λž‘μΉ΄μ˜ μ½œλ‘¬λ³΄μ—μ„œ ν₯미둜운 μ „ν™”λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
from the late Arthur C. Clarke,
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λŒμ•„κ°€μ‹  μ•„μ„œ C. 클라크 경의 μ „ν™”μ˜€λŠ”λ°
04:14
who said, "I want to see what's going on."
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"무슨 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§€λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άμ†Œ."라고 ν•˜μ‹œλ”κ΅°μš”.
04:16
And he couldn't travel, so I went over there.
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그뢄이 μ—¬ν–‰ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆκΈ°μ— μ œκ°€ 거기둜 κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
He said two interesting things,
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두 가지 ν₯미둜운 말씀을 ν•˜μ…¨μ£ .
04:21
"A teacher that can be replaced by a machine should be."
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"기계가 λŒ€μ‹ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ€ λŒ€μ²΄ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•œλ‹€."
04:26
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
04:28
The second thing he said was that,
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두 번째둜 λ§μ”€ν•˜μ‹  λ°”λŠ”
04:30
"If children have interest,
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"λ§Œμ•½ 아이듀이 ν₯λ―Έλ₯Ό 가진닀면
04:32
then education happens."
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κ΅μœ‘μ€ κ±°κΈ°μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚œλ‹€."
04:35
And I was doing that in the field,
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μ œκ°€ ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œ 이 일을 ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:37
so every time I would watch it and think of him.
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항상 이 μ˜μƒμ„ 보고 그뢄을 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
(Video) Arthur C. Clarke: And they can definitely
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(μ˜μƒ) μ•„μ„œ C. 클라크: 그리고 아이듀은 ν™•μ‹€νžˆ
04:42
help people,
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남을 λ„μšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
because children quickly learn to navigate
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 아이듀은 μ“°λŠ” 법을 빨리 μ΅ν˜€
04:46
the web and find things which interest them.
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ν₯λ―Έ μžˆλŠ” 문제λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ‚΄κ±°λ“ μš”.
04:49
And when you've got interest, then you have education.
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그리고 ν₯λ―Έκ°€ 생긴닀면 κ΅μœ‘μ€ μƒκ²¨λ‚˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
Sugata Mitra: I took the experiment to South Africa.
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μˆ˜κ°€νƒ€ 미트라: 남아프리카 κ³΅ν™”κ΅­μ—μ„œ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:55
This is a 15 year-old boy.
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μ—΄ λ‹€μ„―μ‚΄ μ†Œλ…„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
(Video) Boy: ... just mention, I play games
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(μ˜μƒ) μ†Œλ…„: ... κ·Έλƒ₯ λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄, κ²Œμž„μ„ ν•˜κ΅¬μš”,
05:00
like animals,
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동물듀 같은,
05:03
and I listen to music.
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그리고 μŒμ•…μ„ λ“€μ–΄μš”.
05:06
SM: And I asked him, "Do you send emails?"
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μˆ˜κ°€νƒ€ 미트라 : μ œκ°€ "이메일도 λ³΄λ‚΄λ‚˜μš”?"라고 λ¬Όμ–΄λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
And he said, "Yes, and they hop across the ocean."
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"λ„€. λ°”λ‹€ λ„ˆλ¨ΈκΉŒμ§€ κ°€λ”λΌκ³ μš”."라고 λ‹΅ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
05:12
This is in Cambodia,
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μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” μΊ„λ³΄λ””μ•„μ˜
05:14
rural Cambodia --
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μ‹œκ³¨ λ§ˆμ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
a fairly silly arithmetic game,
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κ½€ μœ μΉ˜ν•œ μ‚°μˆ˜ κ²Œμž„μ΄λΌ
05:20
which no child would play inside the classroom or at home.
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κ΅μ‹€μ΄λ‚˜ μ§‘μ—μ„œλŠ” 아무도 κ°–κ³  놀렀 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
They would, you know, throw it back at you.
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μ•„μ΄λ“€ν•œν…Œ μ€€λ‹€λ©΄ λ°”λ‘œ λ˜λŒλ €μ£Όλ©΄μ„œ
05:24
They'd say, "This is very boring."
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"이거 μž¬λ―Έμ—†μ–΄μš”."라고 λ§ν•˜κ² μ£ .
05:26
If you leave it on the pavement
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λ§Œμ•½ 이걸 κΈΈ μœ„μ— 놔두고
05:28
and if all the adults go away,
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μ–΄λ₯Έλ“€μ΄ λ‹€ 가버리면,
05:30
then they will show off with each other
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아이듀은 이걸둜 μžκΈ°κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 일을
05:32
about what they can do.
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μ„œλ‘œμ—κ²Œ 보여주렀 ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
This is what these children are doing.
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이 아이듀이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” μž₯λ©΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
They are trying to multiply, I think.
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κ³±μ…ˆμ„ ν•˜λ €λŠ” 것 κ°™λ„€μš”.
05:39
And all over India,
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2년이 λ‹€ λ˜μ–΄κ°ˆ λ•Œμ―€μ—λŠ”
05:41
at the end of about two years,
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인도 μ „μ—­μ—μ„œ
05:43
children were beginning to Google their homework.
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아이듀이 μˆ™μ œλ₯Ό κ΅¬κΈ€μ—μ„œ κ²€μƒ‰ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
05:46
As a result, the teachers reported
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ€ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ μ˜μ–΄κ°€
05:48
tremendous improvements in their English --
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μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ ν–₯μƒλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:54
rapid improvement and all sorts of things.
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κΈ‰κ²©ν•˜κ²Œ ν–₯μƒλ˜κ³  뭐 κ·Έλƒ₯ μ „λΆ€ λ‹€μš”.
05:56
They said, "They have become really deep thinkers and so on and so forth.
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"아이듀이 μ •λ§λ‘œ 깊게 μƒκ°ν•˜κ²Œ 되고 μ–΄μ©Œκ΅¬ μ €μ©Œκ΅¬"라고 λ³΄κ³ ν–ˆμ£ .
05:59
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:02
And indeed they had.
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그리고 μ‹€μ œλ‘œλ„ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λκ΅¬μš”.
06:04
I mean, if there's stuff on Google,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ, ꡬ글에 λ‚΄μš©μ΄ μžˆλŠ”λ°
06:06
why would you need to stuff it into your head?
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κ·Έκ±Έ ꡳ이 머리속에 집어넣을 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
06:10
So at the end of the next four years,
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그러고 4년이 지날 무렡
06:12
I decided that groups of children can navigate the internet
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μ €λŠ” 웹을 μ“Έ 쀄 μ•„λŠ” 아이듀이 슀슀둜 ꡐ윑 λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό
06:15
to achieve educational objectives on their own.
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이루도둝 ν•˜μžκ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:18
At that time, a large amount of money
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ λ‰΄μΊμŠ¬ λŒ€ν•™μ—
06:20
had come into Newcastle University
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인도 ν•™κ΅κ΅μœ‘μ„ λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚€λŠ” λͺ…λͺ©μœΌλ‘œ
06:22
to improve schooling in India.
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λ§Žμ€ 돈이 λ“€μ–΄μ™”κ±°λ“ μš”.
06:25
So Newcastle gave me a call. I said, "I'll do it from Delhi."
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λŒ€ν•™μ—μ„œ 제게 μ „ν™”λ₯Ό ν–ˆκΈΈλž˜ "λΈλ¦¬μ—μ„œ ν•΄ 보죠"라고 ν–ˆλ”λ‹ˆ
06:28
They said, "There's no way you're going to handle
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"수백만 νŒŒμš΄λ“œλ‚˜ λ˜λŠ” λŒ€ν•™ λˆμ„
06:30
a million pounds-worth of University money
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델리에 μ•‰μ•„μ„œ μ“°κ²Œ ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고
06:33
sitting in Delhi."
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ”λΌκ΅¬μš”.
06:35
So in 2006,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 2006년에
06:37
I bought myself a heavy overcoat
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μ „ 무거운 μ˜€λ²„μ½”νŠΈλ₯Ό 사 μž…κ³ 
06:39
and moved to Newcastle.
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λ‰΄μΊμŠ¬λ‘œ μ΄μ‚¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:42
I wanted to test the limits
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μ „ 이 λ°©λ²•μ˜ ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό
06:44
of the system.
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μ‹œν—˜ν•΄ 보고 μ‹Άμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:46
The first experiment I did out of Newcastle
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μ œκ°€ λ‰΄μΊμŠ¬μ—μ„œ ν•œ 첫 μ‹€ν—˜μ€
06:48
was actually done in India.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” μΈλ„μ—μ„œ μ‹€μ‹œλœ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
And I set myself and impossible target:
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λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μž‘μ•˜μ£ .
06:53
can Tamil speaking
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타밀어λ₯Ό μ“°λŠ”
06:56
12-year-old children
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12 μ‚΄μ§œλ¦¬ 아이듀이
06:58
in a South Indian village
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인도 남뢀 λ§ˆμ„μ—μ„œ
07:01
teach themselves biotechnology
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생λͺ…곡학을 슀슀둜
07:03
in English on their own?
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μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ κΉ¨μΉ  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?
07:05
And I thought, I'll test them, they'll get a zero --
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제 생각은 이랬죠. μš°μ„  μ‹œν—˜μ„ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 빡점을 맞겠죠.
07:08
I'll give the materials, I'll come back and test them --
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μˆ˜μ—… 재료λ₯Ό μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ μ™€μ„œ μ‹œν—˜μ„ 보죠.
07:10
they get another zero,
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λ‹€μ‹œ 빡점을 λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:12
I'll go back and say, "Yes, we need teachers for certain things."
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그럼 μ „ λŒ€ν•™μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€μ„œ "μ–΄λ–€ μΌμ—λŠ” μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 λ³΄κ³ ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
07:16
I called in 26 children.
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26λͺ…μ˜ 아이듀을 λͺ¨μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
They all came in there, and I told them
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λ‹€λ“€ λͺ¨μ—¬μžˆλŠ” μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œ κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
that there's some really difficult stuff on this computer.
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"이 컴퓨터에 λ“€μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” 건 정말 μ–΄λ €μ›Œ.
07:22
I wouldn't be surprised if you didn't understand anything.
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아무것도 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€κ³  해도 λ‚΄κ°€ 놀라진 μ•Šμ„κ±°μ•Ό.
07:25
It's all in English, and I'm going.
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λ‹€ μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ–΄. 그럼 λ‚œ κ°„λ‹€."
07:28
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
07:30
So I left them with it.
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그러곀 컴퓨터λ₯Ό 두고 μ „ 떠났죠.
07:32
I came back after two months,
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두 달 ν›„ λŒμ•„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:34
and the 26 children marched in looking very, very quiet.
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26λͺ…μ˜ 아이듀이 쑰용히 열을 맞좰 κ±Έμ–΄μ˜€λ”κ΅°μš”.
07:36
I said, "Well, did you look at any of the stuff?"
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"그래. 뭘 μ’€ λ΄€λ‹ˆ?"
07:39
They said, "Yes, we did."
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"λ„€. λ΄€μ–΄μš”."
07:41
"Did you understand anything?" "No, nothing."
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"μ’€ 이해가 λ˜λ‹ˆ?" "아뇨."
07:44
So I said,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:46
"Well, how long did you practice on it
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"흠, μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κ³ μ„œ
07:48
before you decided you understood nothing?"
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아무것도 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•œ 거지?"
07:50
They said, "We look at it every day."
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"λ§€μΌμš”."라고 λ‹΅ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
07:53
So I said, "For two months, you were looking at stuff you didn't understand?"
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"두 달 λ™μ•ˆ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€λ„ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ 계속 λ“€μ—¬λ‹€ λ΄€λ‹€κ³ ?"라고 λ¬Όμ—ˆμ£ .
07:55
So a 12 year-old girl raises her hand and says,
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그러자 열두 μ‚΄ λ‚œ μ†Œλ…€κ°€ 손을 λ“€κ³  λ§ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
07:57
literally,
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λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ λ§ν• κ²Œμš”.
08:00
"Apart from the fact that improper replication of the DNA molecule
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"DNA λΆ„μžμ˜ λΆ€μ •ν™•ν•œ λ³΅μ œκ°€
08:03
causes genetic disease,
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μœ μ „λ³‘μ„ μΌμœΌν‚¨λ‹€λŠ” κ±° λ§κ³ λŠ”
08:05
we've understood nothing else."
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아무것도 이해할 수 μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”."
08:07
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:09
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
08:16
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:19
It took me three years to publish that.
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이 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°œν‘œν•˜λŠ”λ° 3년이 κ±Έλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
It's just been published in the British Journal of Educational Technology.
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μ΅œκ·Όμ—μ•Ό 영ꡭ ꡐ윑기술 ν•™μˆ μ§€μ— λ°œν‘œλ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
08:24
One of the referees who refereed the paper said,
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이 논문을 μ‹¬μ‚¬ν•œ μ‹¬μ‚¬μœ„μ› 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…은
08:27
"It's too good to be true,"
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"λ„ˆλ¬΄ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μ’‹μ•„ 사싀이라고 보기 μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€."κ³ κΉŒμ§€ ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
08:30
which was not very nice.
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이건 그닀지 쒋은 말이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
08:32
Well, one of the girls had taught herself
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 슀슀둜 κΉ¨μ³λ‚˜κ°”λ˜ μ†Œλ…€κ°€
08:34
to become the teacher.
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μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:36
And then that's her over there.
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λ°”λ‘œ 이 μ†Œλ…€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:46
Remember, they don't study English.
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μ˜μ–΄ 곡뢀가 μ•„λ‹ˆλž€ κ±Έ λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:01
I edited out the last bit when I asked, "Where is the neuron?"
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νŽΈμ§‘λœ 뒷뢀뢄에 μ œκ°€ "신경이 어디에 μžˆμ§€?"라고 묻자
09:04
and she says, "The neuron? The neuron,"
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” β€œμ‹ κ²½? μ‹ κ²½?” μ΄λŸ¬λ”λ‹ˆ
09:06
and then she looked and did this.
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μ €λ₯Ό μ³λ‹€λ³΄λ”λ‹ˆ 머리λ₯Ό μ†μœΌλ‘œ 툭툭 μΉ˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
09:09
Whatever the expression, it was not very nice.
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그닀지 μΉ­μ°¬ν•  λ§Œν•œ 버릇은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
09:12
So their scores had gone up from zero to 30 percent,
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μ–΄μ¨Œλ“  μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ μ μˆ˜λŠ” 0μ μ—μ„œ 30점으둜 올랐고,
09:15
which is an educational impossibility under the circumstances.
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이건 μ € 상황에선 ꡐ윑적으둜 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ κ²°κ³Όμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:18
But 30 percent is not a pass.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 30점은 합격이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
09:21
So I found that they had a friend,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€ μ „ 아이듀과 ν•¨κ»˜ 좕ꡬ도 ν•˜κ³ 
09:23
a local accountant, a young girl,
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친ꡬ처럼 지내며 κ·Έ μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ νšŒκ³„μ‚¬λ‘œ μΌν•˜λŠ”
09:25
and they played football with her.
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μ Šμ€ μ—¬μžλΆ„μ„ μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:27
I asked that girl, "Would you teach them
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κ·Έ μ—¬μžλΆ„μ—κ²Œ "아이듀이 생λͺ…κ³΅ν•™μ—μ„œ 합격점을 받을 수 있게
09:29
enough biotechnology to pass?"
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μ’€ κ°€λ₯΄μ³ μ£Όμ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?"라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:31
And she said, "How would I do that? I don't know the subject."
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"μ–΄λ–»κ²Œμš”? μ „ 생λͺ…곡학을 λͺ°λΌμš”."라고 ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
09:33
I said, "No, use the method of the grandmother."
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μ „ "κ·Έλƒ₯ ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλ“€μ΄ ν•˜μ‹œλ“― ν•˜λ©΄ λΌμš”."라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:35
She said, "What's that?"
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"그게 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” κ±΄λ°μš”?"
09:37
I said, "Well, what you've got to do
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"κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ ν•˜μ‹€ 일은
09:39
is stand behind them
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κ·Έλƒ₯ μ• λ“€ 뒀에 μ„œμ„œ
09:41
and admire them all the time.
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항상 μ‘μ›ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
09:44
Just say to them, 'That's cool. That's fantastic.
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'멋진걸. 끝내 μ£Όλ„€. 저건 뭐야?'
09:46
What is that? Can you do that again? Can you show me some more?'"
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄? μ’€ 더 보여 μ£Όλ©΄ μ•ˆλ˜?'라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”."
09:49
She did that for two months.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 두 달 λ™μ•ˆ 아이듀을 κ°€λ₯΄μ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
The scores went up to 50,
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μ μˆ˜λŠ” 50점으둜 μ˜¬λžλŠ”λ°
09:53
which is what the posh schools of New Delhi,
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이런 μ μˆ˜λŠ” 뉴 델리의 상λ₯˜μΈ΅ ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ
09:55
with a trained biotechnology teacher were getting.
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μ „λ¬Έ 생λͺ…곡학 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” 아이듀이 λ°›λŠ” 점수죠.
09:58
So I came back to Newcastle
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ „ 이 결과듀을 가지고
10:00
with these results
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λ‰΄μΊμŠ¬λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°”λŠ”λ°
10:02
and decided
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œλ„ 맀우 μ§„μ§€ν•˜κ²Œ
10:04
that there was something happening here
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λ°›μ•„λ“€μ—¬μ•Ό ν•  λ­”κ°€κ°€
10:06
that definitely was getting very serious.
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μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  κ²°λ‘  λ‚΄λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:10
So, having experimented in all sorts of remote places,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ˜¨κ°– μ™Έμ§€μ—μ„œ 갖가지 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν•΄ λ³Έ λ‹€μŒ
10:13
I came to the most remote place that I could think of.
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μ œκ°€ 생각할 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ μ™Έλ”΄ 곳으둜 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:16
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
10:19
Approximately 5,000 miles from Delhi
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λΈλ¦¬μ—μ„œ λŒ€λž΅ 8,000km 떨어진
10:22
is the little town of Gateshead.
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영ꡭ의 μž‘μ€ λ§ˆμ„ κ²Œμ΄μΈ ν—€λ“œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:24
In Gateshead, I took 32 children
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κ²Œμ΄μΈ ν—€λ“œμ—μ„œ 32λͺ…μ˜ 아이듀을 데리고
10:27
and I started to fine-tune the method.
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μ•žμ„œμ˜ 방법을 가닀듬기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:30
I made them into groups of four.
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애듀을 λ„€ λͺ…μ”© ν•œ 쑰둜 λ‚˜λˆ„μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
10:33
I said, "You make your own groups of four.
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"λ„ˆν¬λ“€λΌλ¦¬ λ„€ λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ 된 μ‘°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλ ΄.
10:35
Each group of four can use one computer and not four computers."
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λ„€ λͺ…μ΄μ„œ 컴퓨터 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ“Έ 수 μžˆλ‹¨λ‹€. λ„€ κ°œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ•Ό."
10:38
Remember, from the Hole in the Wall.
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벽에 ꡬ멍 뚫고 컴퓨터λ₯Ό λ’€λ˜ κ±° κΈ°μ–΅ λ‚˜μ‹œμ£ ?
10:41
"You can exchange groups.
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"μ‘°λŠ” μ™”λ‹€κ°”λ‹€ ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄.
10:43
You can walk across to another group,
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λ„€κ°€ μ†ν•œ μ‘°κ°€ λ§ˆμŒμ— 듀지 μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜ ν•˜λ©΄
10:45
if you don't like your group, etc.
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κ·Έλƒ₯ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‘°κ°€ μžˆλŠ” 곳으둜 가도 돼.
10:47
You can go to another group, peer over their shoulders, see what they're doing,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 쑰에 κ°€μ„œ μ–΄κΉ¨ λ„ˆλ¨Έλ‘œ 슬쩍 걔넀듀이 뭘 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 보고
10:50
come back to you own group and claim it as your own work."
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μ›λž˜ μ†ν•œ 쑰둜 λŒμ•„μ™€μ„œ λ„€κ°€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Έ 거라고 우겨."
10:53
And I explained to them
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그리고 μ €λŠ” μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ
10:55
that, you know, a lot of scientific research is done using that method.
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, λ§Žμ€ κ³Όν•™ 연ꡬ가 이 방법을 톡해 이루어진닀고 μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:58
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
11:00
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
11:07
The children enthusiastically got after me and said,
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아이듀이 μ €ν•œν…Œ 마ꡬ λ‹¬λΌλΆ™μœΌλ©° λ¬»λ”κ΅°μš”,
11:09
"Now, what do you want us to do?"
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"이제 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 뭘 ν–ˆμœΌλ©΄ μ’‹κ² μ–΄μš”?"
11:11
I gave them six GCSE questions.
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μ „ 영ꡭ 쀑등학λ ₯ κ²€μ •λ¬Έμ œλ₯Ό μ—¬μ„― 개 λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:14
The first group -- the best one --
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제일 λΉ λ₯Έ μ‘°λŠ”
11:16
solved everything in 20 minutes.
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λͺ¨λ“  문제λ₯Ό 20λΆ„λ§Œμ— ν’€μ–΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:18
The worst, in 45.
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κ°€μž₯ 느렸던 μ‘°λŠ” 45뢄이 κ±Έλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:21
They used everything that they knew --
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아이듀은 슀슀둜 μ•Œκ³  있던 λͺ¨λ“  κ±Έ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ£ .
11:23
news groups, Google, Wikipedia,
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λ‰΄μŠ€κ·Έλ£Ή, ꡬ글, μœ„ν‚€ν”Όλ””μ•„,
11:25
Ask Jeeves, etc.
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Ask Jeeves(넀이버 지식인과 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€), 기타등등...
11:27
The teachers said, "Is this deep learning?"
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μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ "이게 μ‹¬λ„μžˆλŠ” ν•™μŠ΅μΌκΉŒμš”?"라고 ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
11:30
I said, "Well, let's try it.
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"뭐. ν•œλ²ˆ ν•΄ 보죠.
11:32
I'll come back after two months.
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두 달 뒀에 λŒμ•„μ˜¬ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:34
We'll give them a paper test --
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μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ 컴퓨터도 μ—†κ³  μ„œλ‘œ λ¬Όμ–΄λ³΄λŠ” 것도 μ—†λŠ”
11:36
no computers, no talking to each other, etc."
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μ§€ν•„μ‹œν—˜μ„ 치게 ν•΄ 보죠."라고 λ‹΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:38
The average score when I'd done it with the computers and the groups
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컴퓨터가 있고 μ‘°λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ λ³Έ μ‹œν—˜μ˜ ν‰κ· μ μˆ˜λŠ”
11:40
was 76 percent.
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76μ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:42
When I did the experiment, when I did the test,
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두 달 뒀에 ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ, μ‹œν—˜μ—μ„œ,
11:44
after two months, the score
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아이듀이 받은 평균 μ μˆ˜λ„
11:47
was 76 percent.
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76μ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:50
There was photographic recall
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μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ 머리 μ•ˆμ— κ·Έ λ‚΄μš©λ“€μ΄
11:52
inside the children,
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μ‚¬μ§„μ²˜λŸΌ μƒμƒν•˜κ²Œ λ‚¨μ•„μžˆλ˜ κ±°μ£ .
11:54
I suspect because they're discussing with each other.
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μ„œλ‘œ μ˜λ…Όν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 그런게 μ•„λ‹κΉŒ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:57
A single child in front of a single computer
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컴퓨터 μ•žμ— 혼자 앉아 μžˆλŠ” μ•„μ΄λŠ”
11:59
will not do that.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬μ§€ λͺ»ν•  κ±°μ—μš”.
12:01
I have further results,
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μ μˆ˜κ°€ μ‹œκ°„μ— 따라 였λ₯΄λŠ”
12:03
which are almost unbelievable,
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거의 믿을 수 μ—†λŠ” μ •λ„μ˜
12:05
of scores which go up with time.
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μ΄ν›„μ˜ 결과도 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:07
Because their teachers say
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κ·Έ μ΄μœ λŠ” μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
12:09
that after the session is over,
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아이듀이 μˆ˜μ—…μ΄ λλ‚œ 뒀에도
12:11
the children continue to Google further.
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계속 ꡬ글을 μ΄μš©ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λΌκ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:14
Here in Britain, I put out a call
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μ—¬κΈ° μ˜κ΅­μ—μ„œ μ €λŠ”
12:16
for British grandmothers,
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κ·Έλ•ŒκΉŒμ§€μ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ„ λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ
12:18
after my Kuppam experiment.
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영ꡭ ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλ“€μ„ λͺ¨μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:20
Well, you know,
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뭐 μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό
12:22
they're very vigorous people, British grandmothers.
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영ꡭ ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλ“€μ΄ 맀우 ν™œκΈ°κ°€ λ„˜μΉ˜μ‹œμž–μ•„μš”.
12:24
200 of them volunteered immediately.
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200뢄이 κ³§λ°”λ‘œ μžμ›ν•΄ μ£Όμ‹œλ”κ΅°μš”.
12:26
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
12:28
The deal was that they would give me
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ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλ“€κ»˜ 뭘 λΆ€νƒλ“œλ Έλƒ ν•˜λ©΄
12:31
one hour of broadband time,
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일 주일에 ν•œ 번 ν•œ μ‹œκ°„λ§Œ
12:33
sitting in their homes,
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λŒμ— μžˆλŠ” 컴퓨터 μ•žμ— 앉아
12:35
one day in a week.
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인터넷을 ν•΄λ‹¬λΌλŠ” κ±°μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:37
So they did that,
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κ·Έλž¬λ”λ‹ˆ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•΄ μ£Όμ‹œλ”κ΅°μš”.
12:39
and over the last two years,
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μ§€λ‚œ 이 년이 λ„˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ
12:41
over 600 hours of instruction
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μŠ€μΉ΄μ΄ν”„λ₯Ό 톡해 600μ‹œκ°„μ΄
12:43
has happened over Skype,
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λ„˜λŠ” ꡐ윑이 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:45
using what my students call the granny cloud.
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제 학생듀이 'ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆ'라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œμš”.
12:48
The granny cloud sits over there.
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ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆ ν•œ 뢄이 μ €κΈ° 앉아 κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:51
I can beam them to whichever school I want to.
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μ œκ°€ μ›ν•˜λ©΄ μ–΄λŠ ν•™κ΅λ‘œλ“  ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλ₯Ό μ—°κ²°μ‹œμΌœλ“œλ¦΄ 수 있죠.
13:00
(Video) Teacher: You can't catch me.
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(λΉ„λ””μ˜€) μ„ μƒλ‹˜: You can't catch me.
13:02
You say it.
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따라 ν•˜λ ΄.
13:05
You can't catch me.
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you can't catch me.
13:08
Children: You can't catch me.
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아이듀: You can't catch me.
13:11
Teacher: I'm the gingerbread man.
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μ„ μƒλ‹˜: I'm the gingerbread man.
13:14
Children: I'm the gingerbread man.
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아이듀: I'm the gingerbread man.
13:16
Teacher: Well done. Very good ...
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μ„ μƒλ‹˜: 잘 ν–ˆμ–΄. 정말 잘 ν•˜λŠ”κ±Έ ...
13:24
SM: Back at Gateshead,
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μˆ˜κ°€νƒ€ 미트라 : κ²Œμ΄μΈ ν—€λ“œλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€ λ³΄λ‹ˆ
13:26
a 10-year-old girl gets into the heart of Hinduism
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ν•œ 10μ‚΄ λ‚œ μ†Œλ…€κ°€ νžŒλ‘κ΅μ˜ 핡심 λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ‘°μ‚¬ν–ˆλ”κ΅°μš”.
13:28
in 15 minutes.
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15λΆ„λ§Œμ— 말이죠.
13:30
You know, stuff which I don't know anything about.
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό μ „ νžŒλ‘κ΅μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 아무것도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:36
Two children watch a TEDTalk.
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두 아이가 TEDTalkλ₯Ό 보고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:38
They wanted to be footballers before.
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μ΄μ „μ—λŠ” μΆ•κ΅¬μ„ μˆ˜κ°€ 되고 μ‹Άμ–΄ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
13:40
After watching eight TEDTalks,
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μ—¬λŸ 개의 TEDTalkλ₯Ό λ³΄λ”λ‹ˆ
13:42
he wants to become Leonardo da Vinci.
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λ ˆμ˜€λ‚˜λ₯΄λ„ λ‹€ λΉˆμΉ˜κ°€ 되고 μ‹Άμ–΄ ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
13:45
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
13:48
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
13:51
It's pretty simple stuff.
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μ œλ²• κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 일이죠.
13:53
This is what I'm building now --
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이건 μ œκ°€ μ§€κΈˆ λ§Œλ“€κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:55
they're called SOLEs: Self Organized Learning Environments.
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SOLE이라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 자기 ꡬ쑰화 ν•™μŠ΅ ν™˜κ²½.
13:58
The furniture is designed
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이 κΈ°κ΅¬λŠ” 아이듀이 μ»€λ‹€λž€ κ³ μ„±λŠ₯ λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„° μ•žμ— 앉아
14:00
so that children can sit in front of big, powerful screens,
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κ΄‘λŒ€μ—­ 인터넷을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ„€κ³„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:03
big broadband connections, but in groups.
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단 μ—¬λŸ¬ λͺ…이 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:06
If they want, they can call the granny cloud.
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ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλ₯Ό λΆ€λ₯Ό μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
14:09
This is a SOLE in Newcastle.
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λ‰΄μΊμŠ¬μ— μžˆλŠ” SOLEμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:11
The mediator is from Pune, India.
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인도에 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ€‘κ°„μ—μ„œ μ—°κ²°ν•΄ μ£Όκ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
14:13
So how far can we go? One last little bit and I'll stop.
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μ–΄λ–€ κ±Έ 더 ν•΄ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”? ν•œ κ°€μ§€λ§Œ 더 ν•˜κ³  마치죠.
14:16
I went to Turin in May.
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5월에 μ΄νƒˆλ¦¬μ•„μ˜ 토리노에 κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:20
I sent all the teachers away from my group of 10 year-old students.
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10μ‚΄μ§œλ¦¬ 학생듀이 μžˆλŠ” κ΅μ‹€μ—μ„œ μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ„ λͺ¨λ‘ λ‚΄λ³΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:24
I speak only English, they speak only Italian,
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μ „ μ˜μ–΄λ°–μ— λͺ» ν•˜κ³  아이듀은 μ΄νƒˆλ¦¬μ•„μ–΄λ°–μ— λͺ» ν•˜λ‹ˆ
14:27
so we had no way to communicate.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ν•  방법이 μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
14:29
I started writing English questions on the blackboard.
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μ „ μΉ νŒμ— μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ 된 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ“°κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "곡룑은 μ–΄μ§Έμ„œ λ‹€ μ‚¬λΌμ‘Œμ„κΉŒ?"
14:33
The children looked at it and said, "What?"
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아이듀이 λ“€μ—¬λ‹€λ³΄λ”λ‹ˆ "λ„€?" λΌλ”κ΅°μš”.
14:35
I said, "Well, do it."
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μ „ "뭐, κ·Έλƒ₯ ν•΄ 보자."라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:37
They typed it into Google, translated it into Italian,
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아이듀은 ꡬ글에 κ·Έκ±Έ 집어넣고, μ΄νƒˆλ¦¬μ•„μ–΄λ‘œ λ²ˆμ—­ν•΄μ„œ
14:40
went back into Italian Google.
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μ΄νƒˆλ¦¬μ•„μ–΄ κ΅¬κΈ€λ‘œ κ°€λ”κ΅°μš”.
14:42
Fifteen minutes later --
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15λΆ„ ν›„...
14:52
next question: where is Calcutta?
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λ‹€μŒ 질문: μΊ˜μ»€νƒ€λŠ” 어디에 μžˆμ§€?
14:57
This one, they took only 10 minutes.
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이건 10λΆ„λ§Œμ— ν’€λ”κ΅°μš”.
15:04
I tried a really hard one then.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 정말 μ–΄λ €μš΄ κ±Έ λ‚΄ λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:07
Who was Pythagoras, and what did he do?
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ν”Όνƒ€κ³ λΌμŠ€κ°€ λˆ„κ΅¬κ³ , κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 뭘 ν–ˆμ§€?
15:12
There was silence for a while,
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μž μ‹œ 아이듀이 μ‘°μš©ν•΄μ§€λ”λ‹ˆ
15:14
then they said, "You've spelled it wrong.
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"μ² μžκ°€ ν‹€λ Έμ–΄μš”. Pitagoraμ—μš”."
15:16
It's Pitagora."
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라고 λ§ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
15:23
And then,
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그리고,
15:25
in 20 minutes,
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20λΆ„ μ•ˆμ—
15:27
the right-angled triangles began to appear on the screens.
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λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°μ— μ§κ°μ‚Όκ°ν˜•μ΄ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:29
This sent shivers up my spine.
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등쀄기에 μ†Œλ¦„μ΄ λ‹λ”κ΅°μš”.
15:32
These are 10 year-olds.
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μ–˜λ“€μ€ μ—΄ μ‚΄λ°°κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:47
Text: In another 30 minutes they would reach the Theory of Relativity. And then?
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ν…μŠ€νŠΈ: 30λΆ„λ§Œ 더 쀬닀면 μƒλŒ€μ„± 이둠도 μ•Œμ•„λ‚Ό 수 있겠죠. μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ”μš± 더 μ€€λ‹€λ©΄?
15:50
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
15:52
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
16:01
SM: So you know what's happened?
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μˆ˜κ°€νƒ€ 미트라 : 무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€ μ•„μ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
16:03
I think we've just stumbled across
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제 생각에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이제 막
16:05
a self-organizing system.
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μžκΈ°κ΅¬μ‘°ν™” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λ§ˆμ£Όν•œ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:07
A self-organizing system is one
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μžκΈ°κ΅¬μ‘°ν™” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄λž€
16:09
where a structure appears
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μ™ΈλΆ€μ˜ 직접적 κ°„μ„­ 없이
16:11
without explicit intervention from the outside.
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ꡬ쑰가 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μΌμ»«λŠ” λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:14
Self-organizing systems also always show emergence,
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μžκΈ°κ΅¬μ‘°ν™” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ μ°½λ°œν˜„μƒμ„ λ³΄μ΄λŠ”λ°
16:17
which is that the system starts to do things,
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이건 μ–΄λ–€ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ μ›λž˜ μ„€κ³„μ—λŠ” μ—†λ˜
16:19
which it was never designed for.
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λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:21
Which is why you react the way you do,
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이것은 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•΄ 보이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
16:23
because it looks impossible.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ§€κΈˆ λ³΄μ΄μ‹œλŠ” 그런 λ°˜μ‘μ΄ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
16:26
I think I can make a guess now --
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이쯀 되면 μœ μΆ”ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:29
education is self-organizing system,
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κ΅μœ‘μ€ μžκΈ°κ΅¬μ‘°ν™” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄κ³ 
16:31
where learning is an emergent phenomenon.
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ν•™μŠ΅μ€ 창발적인 ν˜„μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:33
It'll take a few years to prove it, experimentally,
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이걸 μ‹€ν—˜μœΌλ‘œ 증λͺ…ν•˜λŠ”λ° 수 년이 κ±Έλ¦¬κ² μ§€λ§Œ
16:35
but I'm going to try.
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ν•œ 번 ν•΄ λ³Ό μƒκ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:37
But in the meanwhile, there is a method available.
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κ·Έ 사이라도 이런 건 ν•΄ λ³Ό 수 있겠죠.
16:40
One billion children, we need 100 million mediators --
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μ‹­μ–΅ λͺ…μ˜ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ 일얡 λͺ…μ˜ μ‘°μ •μžλ₯Ό λ‘‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:43
there are many more than that on the planet --
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그런 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 지ꡬ상에 훨씬 많이 μžˆμ§€μš”.
16:45
10 million SOLEs,
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그리고 천만 개의 SOLE,
16:47
180 billion dollars and 10 years.
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1,800μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ™€ 10λ…„μ˜ 기간이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:51
We could change everything.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것을 λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:53
Thanks.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:55
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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