Molly Wright: How Every Child Can Thrive by Five | TED

7,655,904 views ใƒป 2021-08-09

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Ivana Korom Reviewer:
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Naama Lieberman ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:14
[Baby cooing]
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[ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืžืžืœืžืœ]
00:32
What if I was to tell you
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ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื›ื
00:34
that a game of peekaboo could change the world?
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ืฉืžืฉื—ืง โ€œืงื•ืงื•โ€ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื?
00:41
Sounds impossible, right?
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ื ืฉืžืข ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
00:43
Well, Iโ€™m here today to prove itโ€™s not.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™.
00:48
Hi, Iโ€™m Molly and Iโ€™m seven.
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ื”ื™ื™, ืื ื™ ืžื•ืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืข.
00:50
And this is my little friend, Ari.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื™, ืืจื™.
00:52
Say โ€œHi,โ€ Ari.
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ืชื’ื™ื“ โ€œื”ื™ื™โ€ ืืจื™.
00:55
Hi.
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ื”ื™ื™.
00:57
Oh, and this is my neighbor, Amarjot.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœื™, ืืžืจื’โ€™ื•ื˜.
01:00
He has to take Ari away now to get ready for our experiment.
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ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืืจื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
01:05
But don't worry, they'll be back.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชื“ืื’ื•, ื”ื ื™ื—ื–ืจื•.
01:08
My talk today is about some powerful things you grownups can do.
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ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืืชื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
01:12
that shape us as children and the adults we become.
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ืฉืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืฉื ื”ื™ื”.
01:16
How do I know?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช?
01:18
Because my parents and people around me did them early and often.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื” ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
01:23
I know not all kids are as lucky.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ ืžื–ืœ ื›ืžื•ื ื™.
01:25
Some of my friends, some kids at my school and many around the world.
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ื›ืžื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื™, ื›ืžื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื™ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:30
And I would really like to help change that.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
01:34
Thanks to scientists,
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ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžื“ืขื ื™ื,
01:35
we now know just how important the first five years are
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช
01:39
for our health and development,
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ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช,
01:41
especially our brains.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•.
01:43
Ari started learning long before he was even born,
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ืืจื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืœื“,
01:46
from inside his mommyโ€™s tummy.
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ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื ืฉืœื•.
01:48
When Ari was born,
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ื›ืฉืืจื™ ื ื•ืœื“,
01:50
he was tiny and he cried all the time.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืงื˜ื ืฆโ€™ื™ืง ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
01:55
He was always hungry and he pooped a lot.
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ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงืงื™.
01:59
[Laughter]
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
02:01
Now he laughs and giggles and makes funny noises.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื—ืง ื•ืžื’ื—ืš ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื™ื.
02:05
But those are just the changes we hear and see.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ืจืง ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื•ืจื•ืื™ื.
02:08
Thatโ€™s way more going on inside.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื.
02:12
So, letโ€™s talk more about our brains.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•.
02:16
The blue bag is a rough size and weight of a healthy babyโ€™s brain at birth.
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ื”ืฉืงื™ืช ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”.
02:22
The red one is a babyโ€™s brain after the first year.
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ื”ืื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
02:26
It almost doubles in volume.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื ืคื— ืฉืœื•.
02:30
And by my age, it's almost 90 percent the volume of an adult brain.
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ื•ืขื“ ื”ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื™, ื”ื ืคื— ื”ื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ 90% ืžืžื•ื— ื‘ื•ื’ืจ.
02:38
Our brains develop faster in our early years
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชืคืชื— ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช
02:41
than at any other time in our lives.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
02:45
It can create up to one million neural connections every second.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื“ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
02:51
But we need your help.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื–ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื.
02:53
Our healthy development depends on these top five things,
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ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
02:58
One, connecting; two, talking;
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ืื—ืช, ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ; ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ;
03:02
three, playing; four, a healthy home,
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ, ืžืฉื—ืง; ืืจื‘ืข, ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ื;
03:05
five; community.
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ื—ืžืฉ, ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
03:07
All of this helps our brains and us reach our full potential.
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœื ื•.
03:12
So whatโ€™s something you can do that can really make a difference?
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ืื– ืžื” ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื™ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™?
03:17
Scientists call it serve and return.
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” โ€œื”ื’ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื–ืจโ€œ.
03:20
Thatโ€™s just a grown-up way of saying connect, talk and play with us.
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ื–ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ, ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœืฉื—ืง ืื™ืชื ื•.
03:26
And hereโ€™s the really big news.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช.
03:29
Amarjot, Ari, you ready?
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ืืžืจื’โ€™ื•ื˜, ืืจื™, ืืชื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื?
03:31
(Audio) Amajat: Ready?
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(ืื•ื“ื™ื•) ืืžืจื’โ€™ื•ื˜: ืžื•ื›ืŸ?
03:33
Molly Wright: Copycat games build imagination and empathy.
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ืžื•ืœื™: ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืืžืคืชื™ื”.
03:37
(Amarjot and Ari laughing)
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(ืืžืจื’โ€™ื•ื˜ ื•ืืจื™ ืฆื•ื—ืงื™ื)
03:41
Naming games build vocabulary and attention.
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ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืฉื™ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื–.
03:45
Amarjot: Daddy. Ari. Daddy. Ari.
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ืืžืจื’โ€™ื•ื˜: ืื‘ื. ืืจื™. ืื‘ื. ืืจื™.
03:50
MW: And games like peekabo -- yep, peekaboo --
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ืžื•ืœื™: ื•ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื›ืžื• โ€œืงื•ืงื•โ€ -- ื›ืŸ, โ€œืงื•ืงื•โ€ --
03:53
actually build memory and trust.
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ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืืžื•ืŸ.
03:56
Amarjot: Peekaboo!
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ืืžืจื’โ€™ื•ื˜: ืงื•ืงื•!
03:58
MW: Each time you talk to us, play with us, make us laugh,
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ืžื•ืœื™: ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืชื ื•, ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืื™ืชื ื•, ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืฆื—ื•ืง,
04:03
it not only builds and strengthens our relationships and mental health,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœื ื•,
04:08
it actually teaches us some of the most important life skills,
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:12
from making friends to taking the test,
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ืžืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื,
04:15
to getting a job,
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
04:16
to one day maybe even starting a family of our own.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืฉืœื ื•.
04:21
Interactions early and often matter.
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ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช, ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
04:24
Take it from me,
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ืชืกืžื›ื• ืขืœื™,
04:25
the seven-year-old up here talking about brain science.
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ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืข ืคื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื—.
04:29
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:30
OK, now letโ€™s see what happens when the connection is taken away.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืจืื” ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืœืงื—.
04:37
So now heโ€™s trying to get his dadโ€™s attention again.
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืฉืœื•.
04:40
Heโ€™s reaching out like, โ€œThat was fun, why have you stopped?โ€
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ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื•, โ€œื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ืฃ, ืœืžื” ื”ืคืกืงืช?โ€
04:46
(Ari cries)
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(ืืจื™ ื‘ื•ื›ื”)
04:48
I know itโ€™s important for adults to use their devices sometimes,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื,
04:53
but kids are hardwired to seek out meaningful connections,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืงืฉืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื,
04:58
not receiving them causes confusion and stress.
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ืื ื”ื ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื”ื ื ื”ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืœื—ื•ืฆื™ื.
05:02
OK, Amarjot, please re-engage.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืืžืจื’โ€™ื•ื˜, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
05:06
Amarjot: Ah, thereโ€™s Ari.
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ืืžืจื’โ€™ื•ื˜: ืื”, ื”ื ื” ืืจื™.
05:08
(Ari laughs)
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(ืืจื™ ืฆื•ื—ืง)
05:13
MW: Now what if our whole childhood was like that last 30 seconds?
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ืžื•ืœื™: ืžื” ืื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื• 30 ื”ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช?
05:19
How hard it would be for a child to feel calm.
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ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื™ืœื“ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืจื’ื•ืข.
05:23
To feel safe.
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ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
05:26
To learn to trust anyone.
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ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืชืช ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
05:28
And the lifelong impact that would have.
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ื•ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื–ื”.
05:32
That makes me feel sad.
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ื–ื” ืžืขืฆื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื™.
05:38
Ari only reacted the way he did and recovered so quickly
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ืืจื™ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื•ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืจ
05:43
because the connection between him and his dad is usually so strong.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ื ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื—ื–ืง ืžืื•ื“.
05:48
The positive relationships with the grown-ups in our lives
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืขื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•
05:51
gives kids the confidence we need
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ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
05:54
to try new things, to explore and be a kid.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
06:01
So please,
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ืื– ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”,
06:04
try to remember the most special period for our development is
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ื ืกื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
06:09
the first five years.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
06:12
Starting from inside mommyโ€™s tummy.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื.
06:15
Whatโ€™s something really impactful you can do?
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ืžื” ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™?
06:18
Serve and return.
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ.
06:21
And when?
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ื•ืžืชื™?
06:23
Early and often.
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ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
06:26
Please give it up for a Amarjot and Ari.
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ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ืœืืžืจื’โ€™ื•ื˜ ื•ืœืืจื™.
06:29
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:37
Every moment together is an opportunity
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ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
06:41
to connect, talk and play.
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ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ, ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœืฉื—ืง.
06:45
Imagine the difference we could make if everyone everywhere did this.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
06:53
To us, the children,
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ืœื ื•, ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
06:56
itโ€™s so much more than just a game.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกืชื ืžืฉื—ืง.
07:04
It's our future.
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ื–ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื•.
07:06
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
07:07
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:08
See? Peekaboo really can change the world.
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ืจื•ืื™ื? ืงื•ืงื• ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
07:11
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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