Marco Tempest: The electric rise and fall of Nikola Tesla

342,043 views ใƒป 2012-06-20

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Thu-Huong Ha Reviewer: Jenny Zurawell
0
0
7000
ืžืชืจื’ื: Orr Schlesinger ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
As a magician, I'm always interested in performances that incorporate elements of illusion.
1
16430
5189
ื›ืงื•ืกื, ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืžื•ืคืขื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืฉืœื™ื”.
00:21
And one of the most remarkable was the tanagra theater, which was popular in the
2
21632
5346
ื•ื”ืžื•ืคืข ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”"ื˜ื ื’ืจื”", ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™
00:26
early part of the 20th century.
3
26978
2077
ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-20.
00:29
It used mirrors
4
29055
1916
ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืจืื•ืช
00:30
to create the illusion of tiny people
5
30971
2798
ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืฉืœื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื
00:33
performing on a miniature stage. Now, I won't use mirrors,
6
33769
4040
ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืžื” ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื™ืช. ืื ื™ ืœื ืืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืจืื•ืช,
00:37
but this is my digital tribute to the tanagra theater.
7
37809
5096
ืืš ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”"ื˜ื ื’ืจื”".
00:42
So let the story begin.
8
42905
6463
ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
00:49
On a dark and stormy night -- really! --
9
49368
4938
ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื—ืฉื•ืš ื•ืกื•ืขืจ.... ื‘ืืžืช!...
00:54
it was the 10th of July, 1856.
10
54306
4103
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘-10 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™, 1856.
00:58
Lightning lit the sky,
11
58417
1944
ื‘ืจืงื™ื ื”ืื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื,
01:00
and a baby was born.
12
60361
2087
ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื™ืฆื ืืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:02
His name was Nikola,
13
62448
3008
ืฉืžื• ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืงื•ืœื,
01:05
Nikola Tesla.
14
65456
1644
ื ื™ืงื•ืœื ื˜ืกืœื”.
01:07
Now the baby grew into a very smart guy.
15
67100
3020
ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื’ื“ืœ ื•ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื—ื›ื ืžืื•ื“.
01:10
Let me show you.
16
70120
2144
ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื.
01:12
Tesla, what is 236 multiplied by 501?
17
72264
7548
ื˜ืกืœื”, ื›ืžื” ื–ื” 236 ื›ืคื•ืœ 501?
01:19
Nikola Tesla: The result is 118,236.
18
79812
4546
ื ื™ืงื•ืœื ื˜ืกืœื”: ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื 118,236.
01:24
Marco Tempest: Now Tesla's brain worked in the most extraordinary way.
19
84358
4573
ืžืจืงื• ื˜ืžืคืกื˜: ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ื˜ืกืœื” ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืคืœืื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:28
When a word was mentioned,
20
88931
2153
ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืืžืจื” ืžื™ืœื”,
01:31
an image of it
21
91084
1063
ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื”
01:32
instantly appeared in his mind.
22
92147
3201
ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ืžื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•.
01:35
Tree. Chair. Girl.
23
95348
5712
ืขืฅ, ื›ืกื, ื‘ื—ื•ืจื”.
01:41
They were hallucinations, which vanished
24
101060
3183
ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื ืขืœืžื•
01:44
the moment he touched them.
25
104243
1849
ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ื’ืข ื‘ื”ืŸ.
01:46
Probably a form of synesthesia.
26
106092
3568
ื›ื ืจืื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื ืกืชื–ื™ื”.
01:49
But it was something
27
109660
1424
ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ืืช
01:51
he later turned to his advantage.
28
111084
3592
ื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจื•.
01:54
Where other scientists would play in their laboratory,
29
114676
3987
ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื—ืงื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”,
01:58
Tesla created his inventions in his mind.
30
118663
4119
ื˜ืกืœื” ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•.
02:02
NT: To my delight, I discovered I could visualize my inventions with the greatest facility.
31
122798
6162
ื "ื˜: ืœืฉืžื—ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆืื•ืชื™ื™ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:08
MT: And when they worked in the vivid playground of his imagination,
32
128960
4148
ืž"ื˜: ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•,
02:13
he would build them in his workshop.
33
133120
2750
ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืกื“ื ื ืฉืœื•.
02:15
NT: I needed no models, drawings or experiments.
34
135870
3772
ื "ื˜: ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื, ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื.
02:19
I could picture them as real in my mind,
35
139642
3757
ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆืื•ืชื™ื™ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื•ื—ื™,
02:23
and there I run it, test it and improve it.
36
143399
3530
ื•ืฉื, ืื ื™ ืžืจื™ืฅ, ื‘ื•ื“ืง ื•ืžืฉืคืจ ืื•ืชืŸ.
02:26
Only then do I construct it.
37
146929
2854
ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื” ืื•ืชืŸ.
02:29
MT: His great idea
38
149783
1097
ืž"ื˜: ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื•
02:30
was alternating current.
39
150880
2151
ื”ื™ื” ื–ืจื ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ.
02:33
But how could he convince the public that
40
153031
2504
ืืš ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
02:35
the millions of volts required to make it work were safe?
41
155535
5034
ืฉืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ืชืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื?
02:40
To sell his idea,
42
160569
1742
ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
02:42
he became a showman.
43
162311
2584
ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืฉื—ืงืŸ.
02:44
NT: We are at the dawn of a new age,
44
164895
5302
ื "ื˜: ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืคืชื—ื• ืฉืœ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ,
02:50
the age of electricity.
45
170197
2227
ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ.
02:52
I have been able, through careful invention, to
46
172424
3706
ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช,
02:56
transmit, with the mere flick of a switch,
47
176130
2460
ืœืฉื“ืจ, ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืงืœื” ืขืœ ืžืชื’,
02:58
electricity across the ether.
48
178590
2261
ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื.
03:00
It is the magic of science.
49
180851
3347
ื–ื”ื• ื”ืงืกื ืฉื‘ืžื“ืข.
03:04
(Applause)
50
184213
2577
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
03:06
Tesla has over 700 patents to his name:
51
186790
5728
ืœื˜ืกืœื” ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-700 ืคื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื•:
03:12
radio, wireless telegraphy,
52
192518
5848
ืจื“ื™ื•, ืืœื—ื•ื˜, ื˜ืœื’ืจืคื™ื”,
03:18
remote control, robotics.
53
198366
7315
ืฉืœื˜ ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™, ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”.
03:25
He even photographed the bones of the human body.
54
205681
5406
ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆื™ืœื ืืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื.
03:31
But the high point was the realization of a childhood dream:
55
211087
4552
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœื•ื ื™ืœื“ื•ืช:
03:35
harnessing the raging powers of Niagara Falls,
56
215639
5272
ืจืชื™ืžืช ื›ื•ื—ื ื”ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืคืœื™ ื”ื ื™ืื’ืจื”,
03:40
and bringing light to the city.
57
220911
4496
ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื”ืืจืช ื”ืขื™ืจ.
03:45
But Tesla's success didn't last.
58
225407
7184
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื˜ืกืœื” ืœื ืืจื›ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.
03:52
NT: I had bigger ideas.
59
232591
2473
ื "ื˜: ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:55
Illuminating the city was only the beginning.
60
235064
3182
ื”ืืจืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืง ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
03:58
A world telegraphy center -- imagine news,
61
238246
4744
ืžืจื›ื– ื˜ืœื’ืจืคื™ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™.... ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
04:02
messages, sounds, images delivered to
62
242990
3947
ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช, ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื, ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช... ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื•ืช
04:06
any point in the world
63
246937
1653
ืœื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื
04:08
instantly and wirelessly.
64
248590
3953
ื›ื”ืจืฃ ืขื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™.
04:12
MT: It's a great idea; it was a huge project. Expensive, too.
65
252543
4492
ืž"ื˜: ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืขื ืงื™. ื•ื™ืงืจ.
04:17
NT: They wouldn't give me the money.
66
257035
2655
ื "ื˜: ื”ื ืœื ืจืฆื• ืœืชืช ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ.
04:19
MT: Well, maybe you shouldn't have told them it could be used to contact other planets.
67
259690
3238
ืž"ื˜: ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื”ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืขื ืคืœื ื˜ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช.
04:22
NT: Yes, that was a big mistake.
68
262928
4223
ื "ื˜: ื›ืŸ, ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื˜ืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”...
04:27
MT: Tesla's career as an inventor never recovered.
69
267151
4218
ืž"ื˜: ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืกืœื” ื›ืžืžืฆื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื”.
04:31
He became a recluse.
70
271369
1856
ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืžืชื‘ื•ื“ื“.
04:33
Dodged by death,
71
273225
1800
ื—ื•ืžืง ืžื”ืžื•ื•ืช,
04:35
he spent much of his time
72
275025
1744
ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื–ืžื ื•
04:36
in his suite at the Waldorf-Astoria.
73
276769
2928
ื‘ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืœื“ื•ืจืฃ-ืืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
04:39
NT: Everything I did, I did for mankind,
74
279697
5408
ื "ื˜: ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™, ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
04:45
for a world where there would be no humiliation of the poor by the violence of the rich,
75
285105
6919
ืœืžืขืŸ ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฉืคืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื,
04:52
where products of intellect, science and art
76
292024
3880
ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช
04:55
will serve society for the betterment and beautification of life.
77
295904
5973
ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืคืจ ื•ืœื™ื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
05:01
MT: Nikola Tesla died on the 7th of January, 1943.
78
301877
5878
ืž"ื˜: ื ื™ืงื•ืœื ื˜ืกืœื” ืžืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1943.
05:07
His final resting place
79
307757
2149
ืžืงื•ื ืžื ื•ื—ืชื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”
05:09
is a golden globe that contains his ashes
80
309906
3464
ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืžื•ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ื ื— ืืคืจื•
05:13
at the Nikola Tesla Museum in Belgrade.
81
313370
3320
ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืงื•ืœื ื˜ืกืœื” ื‘ื‘ืœื’ืจื“.
05:16
His legacy is with us still.
82
316690
3513
ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฆืืช ืื™ืชื ื•.
05:20
Tesla became the man who lit the world,
83
320203
4212
ื˜ืกืœื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
05:24
but this was only the beginning.
84
324415
2360
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืง ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
05:26
Tesla's insight was profound.
85
326775
3384
ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืกืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืžื•ืงื”.
05:30
NT: Tell me, what will man do when the forests disappear,
86
330159
4919
ื "ื˜: ืกืคืจ ืœื™, ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื™ืขืœืžื•,
05:35
and the coal deposits are exhausted?
87
335078
3577
ื•ืžืจื‘ืฆื™ ื”ืคื—ื ื™ื’ืžืจื•?
05:38
MT: Tesla thought he had the answer.
88
338655
2480
ืž"ื˜: ื˜ืกืœื” ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
05:41
We are still asking the question.
89
341135
7211
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”.
05:48
Thank you.
90
348346
2214
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
05:50
(Applause)
91
350560
4529
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7