Christopher deCharms: A look inside the brain in real time

91,251 views ใƒป 2008-03-27

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yifat Adler ืžื‘ืงืจ: Arnon Cahen
00:12
Hi. I'm going to ask you to raise your arms and wave back,
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ื”ื™ื™. ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฉืชืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ื•ืชื ื•ืคืคื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”,
00:15
just the way I am -- kind of a royal wave.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” -- ื ืคื ื•ืฃ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™.
00:18
You can mimic what you can see.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื.
00:20
You can program the hundreds of muscles in your arm.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชื›ื ืช ืืช ืžืื•ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืœื›ื.
00:23
Soon, you'll be able to look inside your brain and program,
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ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ื•ืœืชื›ื ืช,
00:28
control the hundreds of brain areas that you see there.
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ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืžืื•ืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืชืจืื• ืฉื.
00:30
I'm going to tell you about that technology.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
00:33
People have wanted to look inside the human mind,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
00:34
the human brain, for thousands of years.
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ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
00:37
Well, coming out of the research labs just now, for our generation, is the possibility to do that.
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ื”ื™ื™ืฉืจ ืžืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ - ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
00:42
People envision this as being very difficult.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ืฉื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื”.
00:44
You had to take a spaceship, shrink it down, inject it into the bloodstream.
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ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืœื™ืช, ืœื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืื•ืชื” ื•ืœื”ื–ืจื™ืง ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื.
00:48
It was terribly dangerous. (Laughter)
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.
00:50
You could be attacked by white blood cells in the arteries.
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ืชืื™ ื“ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืืชื›ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื.
00:53
But now, we have a real technology to do this.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื–ืืช.
00:57
We're going to fly into my colleague Peter's brain.
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ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ืชื™ ืคื™ื˜ืจ.
00:59
We're going to do it non-invasively using MRI.
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ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืœืฉื ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช MRI.
01:02
We don't have to inject anything. We don't need radiation.
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ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ืจื™ืง ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ. ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืงืจื™ื ื”.
01:06
We will be able to fly into the anatomy of Peter's brain -- literally, fly into his body --
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื˜ื•ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ืคื™ื˜ืจ - ืžืžืฉ ืœื˜ื•ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื• -
01:11
but more importantly, we can look into his mind.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื•.
01:13
When Peter moves his arm, that yellow spot you see there
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ื›ืฉืคื™ื˜ืจ ืžื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœื•, ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื
01:16
is the interface to the functioning of Peter's mind taking place.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืง ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ืคื™ื˜ืจ.
01:20
Now you've seen before that with electrodes you can control robotic arms,
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ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช,
01:23
that brain imaging and scanners can show you the insides of brains.
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ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ืช ืžื•ื— ื•ืกื•ืจืงื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื›ื.
01:27
What's new is that that process has typically taken days or months of analysis.
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ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื ืื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
01:32
We've collapsed that through technology to milliseconds,
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ืฆื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื™ืœื™ืฉื ื™ื•ืช.
01:35
and that allows us to let Peter to look at his brain in real time as he's inside the scanner.
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ื•ื›ืš ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกื•ืจืง.
01:39
He can look at these 65,000 points of activation per second.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ 65,000 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ื”.
01:44
If he can see this pattern in his own brain, he can learn how to control it.
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ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื“ืคื•ืก ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื•ื—ื• - ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœื™ื•.
01:48
There have been three ways to try to impact the brain:
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• 3 ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื—:
01:51
the therapist's couch, pills and the knife.
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ืกืคืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื, ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ืชื—ื™ื.
01:55
This is a fourth alternative that you are soon going to have.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืจืš ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœื›ื.
01:59
We all know that as we form thoughts, they form deep channels in our minds and in our brains.
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ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื‘ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
02:04
Chronic pain is an example. If you burn yourself, you pull your hand away.
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ื›ืื‘ ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื“ ื ื›ื•ื•ื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™.
02:08
But if you're still in pain in six months' or six years' time,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื›ืื‘ ื ืžืฉืš 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื• 6 ืฉื ื™ื,
02:12
it's because these circuits are producing pain that's no longer helping you.
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ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื›ืื‘ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื•.
02:16
If we can look at the activation in the brain that's producing the pain,
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ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืืช ื”ื›ืื‘,
02:19
we can form 3D models and watch in real time the brain process information,
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ื—,
02:24
and then we can select the areas that produce the pain.
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ื•ืื– ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืื‘.
02:27
So put your arms back up and flex your bicep.
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ื”ืจื™ืžื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื™ื“ื›ื ื•ื›ื•ืคืคื• ืืช ืฉืจื™ืจ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ื“ื•-ืจืืฉื™.
02:30
Now imagine that you will soon be able to look inside your brain
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื
02:34
and select brain areas to do that same thing.
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื— ืœืคื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื›ื.
02:36
What you're seeing here is, we've selected the pathways in the brain of a chronic pain patient.
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ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืขื ื›ืื‘ ื›ืจื•ื ื™.
02:40
This may shock you, but we're literally reading this person's brain in real time.
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ืžื“ื”ื™ื. ืœื? ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช.
02:44
They're watching their own brain activation,
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ื”ื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื,
02:46
and they're controlling the pathway that produces their pain.
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ื•ื”ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืื‘ ืฉืœื”ื.
02:50
They're learning to flex this system that releases their own endogenous opiates.
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ื”ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืžืฉื—ืจืจืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืคื™ืื˜ื™ื ื”ืื ื“ื•ื’ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
02:54
As they do it, in the upper left is a display
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช, ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉืžืืœ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชืฆื•ื’ื”
02:57
that's yoked to their brain activation of their own pain being controlled.
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ืฉืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื›ืื‘ ืฉืœื”ื.
03:01
When they control their brain, they can control their pain.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืื‘ ืฉืœื”ื.
03:05
This is an investigational technology,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ืžื—ืงืจ,
03:07
but, in clinical trials, we're seeing a 44 to 64 percent decrease in chronic pain patients.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ืคื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ 44 ืœ-64 ืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื›ืื‘ ื›ืจื•ื ื™.
03:12
This is not "The Matrix." You can only do this to yourself. You take control.
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ื–ื”ื• ืœื ื”"ืžื˜ืจื™ืงืก". ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื•. ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
03:17
I've seen inside my brain. You will too, soon.
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ืื ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ืชื™ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื™. ื’ื ืืชื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘.
03:21
When you do, what do you want to control?
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืขืฉื• ื–ืืช, ืขืœ ืžื” ืชืจืฆื• ืœืฉืœื•ื˜?
03:24
You will be able to look at all the aspects that make you yourself, all your experiences.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœืžื” ืฉืืชื, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
03:29
These are some of the areas we're working on today that I don't have time to go into in detail.
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื. ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜.
03:34
But I want to leave with you the big question.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืชื›ื ืขื ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
03:37
We are the first generation that's going to be able to enter into,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื›ื ืก
03:40
using this technology, the human mind and brain.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืืœ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื•ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
03:43
Where will we take it?
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ืœืืŸ ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืคื ื™ื ื•?
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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