Gregory Petsko: The coming neurological epidemic

33,419 views ใƒป 2008-12-02

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Jenny Zurawell
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Alon Wasserman ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
Unless we do something to prevent it,
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ืื ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื–ืืช
00:14
over the next 40 years weโ€™re facing an epidemic
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 40 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืื ื• ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœืžื’ื™ืคื”
00:17
of neurologic diseases on a global scale.
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ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืขื•ืœืžื™, ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
00:20
A cheery thought.
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ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช.
00:24
On this map, every country thatโ€™s colored blue
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ื‘ืžืคื” ื–ื•, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ
00:27
has more than 20 percent of its population over the age of 65.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฉืจื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 65.
00:31
This is the world we live in.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื
00:33
And this is the world your children will live in.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื›ื ื™ื—ื™ื•
00:37
For 12,000 years, the distribution of ages in the human population
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ื‘ืžืฉืš 12,000 ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืœืื™ื ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
00:41
has looked like a pyramid, with the oldest on top.
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ื ืจืืชื” ื›ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื”, ื›ืฉื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ
00:44
Itโ€™s already flattening out.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืชื˜ื—ืช
00:46
By 2050, itโ€™s going to be a column and will start to invert.
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ืขื“ 2050 ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื™ื” ื›ืขืžื•ื“ ื•ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื”ืคืš
00:50
This is why itโ€™s happening.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”
00:53
The average lifespanโ€™s more than doubled since 1840,
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ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื”ื•ื›ืคืœื” ืžืื– 1840
00:56
and itโ€™s increasing currently at the rate of about five hours every day.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื›ืขืช ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ื—ืžืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื
01:01
And this is why thatโ€™s not entirely a good thing:
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘:
01:04
because over the age of 65, your risk of getting Alzheimerโ€™s
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 65, ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ืœื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœืช ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ
01:08
or Parkinsonโ€™s disease will increase exponentially.
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ืื• ื‘ืžื—ืœืช ืคืจืงื™ื ืกื•ืŸ ื™ื’ื‘ืจ ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช
01:12
By 2050, thereโ€™ll be about 32 million people in the United States
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ืขื“ 2050, ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›-32 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
01:16
over the age of 80, and unless we do something about it,
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ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 80, ื•ืื ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”,
01:19
half of them will have Alzheimerโ€™s disease
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ืœื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื ืชื”ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ืœืช ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ
01:21
and three million more will have Parkinsonโ€™s disease.
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ื•ืœืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื”ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ืœืช ืคืจืงื™ื ืกื•ืŸ
01:24
Right now, those and other neurologic diseases --
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื•ืื—ืจื•ืช
01:27
for which we have no cure or prevention --
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ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืžื ื™ืขื”
01:30
cost about a third of a trillion dollars a year.
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ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืฉืœื™ืฉ ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืฉื ื”
01:32
It will be well over a trillion dollars by 2050.
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืœ ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2050
01:36
Alzheimerโ€™s disease starts when a protein
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ืžื—ืœืช ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ
01:38
that should be folded up properly
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ืืฉืจ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืคืœ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
01:40
misfolds into a kind of demented origami.
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ืžืชืขื•ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™ ืคื’ื•ื
01:44
So one approach weโ€™re taking is to try to design drugs
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ื›ืš ืฉื’ื™ืฉื” ืื—ืช ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืขืฆื‘ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช
01:47
that function like molecular Scotch tape,
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ืืฉืจ ื™ืชืคืงื“ื• ื›ืžื• ืกืจื˜ ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืืจื™
01:50
to hold the protein into its proper shape.
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ืฉื™ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”
01:53
That would keep it from forming the tangles
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ื›ืš ืฉืชื™ืžื ืข ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืชื™ื
01:55
that seem to kill large sections of the brain when they do.
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ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืจืกื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื— ื›ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื
01:59
Interestingly enough, other neurologic diseases
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ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
02:01
which affect very different parts of the brain
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ื”ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—
02:04
also show tangles of misfolded protein,
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ื’ื ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืขื™ื•ื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื
02:07
which suggests that the approach might be a general one,
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ื–ื” ืžืจืžื– ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื ื“ืจืฉืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:10
and might be used to cure many neurologic diseases,
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ืืฉืจ ืื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืžืฉ ืœืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
02:12
not just Alzheimerโ€™s disease.
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ืœื ืจืง ืžื—ืœืช ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ
02:14
Thereโ€™s also a fascinating connection to cancer here,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื’ื ืงืฉืจ ืžืจืชืง ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ
02:17
because people with neurologic diseases
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
02:19
have a very low incidence of most cancers.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ
02:22
And this is a connection that most people arenโ€™t pursuing right now,
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืงืฉืจ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ื™ื•ื
02:25
but which weโ€™re fascinated by.
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ืื•ืœื ืื ื• ืžืจื•ืชืงื™ื ืžืžื ื•.
02:28
Most of the important and all of the creative work in this area
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”
02:31
is being funded by private philanthropies.
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ืžืžื•ืžื ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื
02:34
And thereโ€™s tremendous scope for additional private help here,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช
02:37
because the government has dropped the ball on much of this, Iโ€™m afraid.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœืฆืขืจื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ืžื ืขืช ืžืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ื–ื”
02:40
In the meantime, while weโ€™re waiting for all these things to happen,
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ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืงืจื• ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
02:44
hereโ€™s what you can do for yourself.
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ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื›ื
02:46
If you want to lower your risk of Parkinsonโ€™s disease,
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ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืœืช ืคืจืงื™ื ืกื•ืŸ
02:48
caffeine is protective to some extent; nobody knows why.
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ืงืคืื™ืŸ ืžื’ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช; ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืžื”
02:53
Head injuries are bad for you. They lead to Parkinsonโ€™s disease.
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ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืืฉ ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื. ื”ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื—ืœืช ืคืจืงื™ื ืกื•ืŸ
02:56
And the Avian Flu is also not a good idea.
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ื•ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืœื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘
03:01
As far as protecting yourself against Alzheimerโ€™s disease,
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื›ื ื ื’ื“ ืžื—ืœืช ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ
03:04
well, it turns out that fish oil has the effect
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืœืฉืžืŸ ื“ื’ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื”
03:07
of reducing your risk for Alzheimerโ€™s disease.
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ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืœืช ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ
03:10
You should also keep your blood pressure down,
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ืืชื ื’ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื ืžื•ืš
03:12
because chronic high blood pressure
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื›ืจื•ื ื™
03:14
is the biggest single risk factor for Alzheimerโ€™s disease.
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื—ืœืช ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ
03:16
Itโ€™s also the biggest risk factor for glaucoma,
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ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ืœืื•ืงื•ืžื”
03:19
which is just Alzheimerโ€™s disease of the eye.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœืช ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืŸ
03:22
And of course, when it comes to cognitive effects,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช
03:24
"use it or lose it" applies,
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ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืœ "ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืื• ืื‘ื“ ืืช ื–ื”"
03:26
so you want to stay mentally stimulated.
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ื›ืš ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœื™ืช
03:28
But hey, youโ€™re listening to me.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™, ืืชื ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื ืœื™
03:30
So youโ€™ve got that covered.
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ื›ืš ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
03:32
And one final thing. Wish people like me luck, okay?
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ. ืชืื—ืœื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ืื•ืงื™?
03:36
Because the clock is ticking for all of us.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืžืชืงืชืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื ื•
03:38
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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