Gregory Petsko: The coming neurological epidemic

33,279 views ใƒป 2008-12-02

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Jenny Zurawell
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hyunwoo Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : Samuel Nam
00:12
Unless we do something to prevent it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
00:14
over the next 40 years weโ€™re facing an epidemic
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 40๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด
00:17
of neurologic diseases on a global scale.
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์ฐฝ๊ถํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
A cheery thought.
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์ƒ๊ฐ๋งŒํ•ด๋„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์œ ์พŒํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
00:24
On this map, every country thatโ€™s colored blue
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์ด ์ง€๋„์—์„œ ํ‘ธ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜
00:27
has more than 20 percent of its population over the age of 65.
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์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ 20% ์ด์ƒ์ด 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
This is the world we live in.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:33
And this is the world your children will live in.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
For 12,000 years, the distribution of ages in the human population
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์ง€๋‚œ 12,000๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ, ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‚˜์ด ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
00:41
has looked like a pyramid, with the oldest on top.
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์œ„๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
Itโ€™s already flattening out.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ํ‰ํ‰ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
By 2050, itโ€™s going to be a column and will start to invert.
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2050๋…„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์™„์ „ ์ˆ˜์ง์ด ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์•„์˜ˆ ์—ญ์ „๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ• ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
This is why itโ€™s happening.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์™œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:53
The average lifespanโ€™s more than doubled since 1840,
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ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ 1840๋…„์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
and itโ€™s increasing currently at the rate of about five hours every day.
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๋งค์ผ 5์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:01
And this is why thatโ€™s not entirely a good thing:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
because over the age of 65, your risk of getting Alzheimerโ€™s
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65์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘์ด๋‚˜ ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ ๋ณ‘์—
01:08
or Parkinsonโ€™s disease will increase exponentially.
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๊ฑธ๋ฆด ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:12
By 2050, thereโ€™ll be about 32 million people in the United States
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2050๋…„, 80์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋งŒ ์•ฝ 3200๋งŒ๋ช… ์ •๋„์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
over the age of 80, and unless we do something about it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:19
half of them will have Alzheimerโ€™s disease
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
01:21
and three million more will have Parkinsonโ€™s disease.
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300๋งŒ๋ช…์€ ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
Right now, those and other neurologic diseases --
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
01:27
for which we have no cure or prevention --
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์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋งค๋…„ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ˆ๋งŒ
01:30
cost about a third of a trillion dollars a year.
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์•ฝ 3์ฒœ์–ต๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
It will be well over a trillion dollars by 2050.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 2050๋…„์—๋Š” 1์กฐ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ์œก๋ฐ•ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Alzheimerโ€™s disease starts when a protein
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘์€ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘ํ˜€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”
01:38
that should be folded up properly
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ํŠน์ • ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ ‘ํžˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
01:40
misfolds into a kind of demented origami.
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์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
So one approach weโ€™re taking is to try to design drugs
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ๋ถ„์ž ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„
01:47
that function like molecular Scotch tape,
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๊ณ ์ •์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๋Š”
01:50
to hold the protein into its proper shape.
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์Šค์นด์น˜ ํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
01:53
That would keep it from forming the tangles
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๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค์—‰ํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋‡Œ์˜
01:55
that seem to kill large sections of the brain when they do.
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๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋ฉˆ์ถœํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:59
Interestingly enough, other neurologic diseases
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์‹ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—
02:01
which affect very different parts of the brain
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค๋„
02:04
also show tangles of misfolded protein,
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์ž˜๋ชป ์ ‘ํžŒ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด
02:07
which suggests that the approach might be a general one,
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
and might be used to cure many neurologic diseases,
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค๋„
02:12
not just Alzheimerโ€™s disease.
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์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
02:14
Thereโ€™s also a fascinating connection to cancer here,
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์•”๊ณผ๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
because people with neurologic diseases
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
02:19
have a very low incidence of most cancers.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์•”์—๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•ˆ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:22
And this is a connection that most people arenโ€™t pursuing right now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง„ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ,
02:25
but which weโ€™re fascinated by.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:28
Most of the important and all of the creative work in this area
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์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…๋“ค์€
02:31
is being funded by private philanthropies.
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์ž์„  ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ธˆ์ „์  ์ง€์›์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
And thereโ€™s tremendous scope for additional private help here,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ชฝ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง€์›์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ
02:37
because the government has dropped the ball on much of this, Iโ€™m afraid.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์— ์˜์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ์ข‹์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
02:40
In the meantime, while weโ€™re waiting for all these things to happen,
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ํ•œํŽธ, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ฐฝ๊ถํ•  ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด์„œ
02:44
hereโ€™s what you can do for yourself.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
02:46
If you want to lower your risk of Parkinsonโ€™s disease,
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ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:48
caffeine is protective to some extent; nobody knows why.
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์นดํŽ˜์ธ์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
02:53
Head injuries are bad for you. They lead to Parkinsonโ€™s disease.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์น˜๋ฉด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:56
And the Avian Flu is also not a good idea.
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์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๋…๊ฐ๋„ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
As far as protecting yourself against Alzheimerโ€™s disease,
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ข€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
03:04
well, it turns out that fish oil has the effect
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๋จผ์ € ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„, ์–ด์œ (้ญšๆฒน)๊ฐ€
03:07
of reducing your risk for Alzheimerโ€™s disease.
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์— ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
You should also keep your blood pressure down,
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๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
03:12
because chronic high blood pressure
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๋งŒ์„ฑ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์€ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ
03:14
is the biggest single risk factor for Alzheimerโ€™s disease.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ผ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
Itโ€™s also the biggest risk factor for glaucoma,
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๋…น๋‚ด์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹  ๋ถ„๋„ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
03:19
which is just Alzheimerโ€™s disease of the eye.
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๋…น๋‚ด์žฅ์€ "๋ˆˆ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘"์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:22
And of course, when it comes to cognitive effects,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์กฐ์–ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ๋ง๊ณ ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
03:24
"use it or lose it" applies,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:26
so you want to stay mentally stimulated.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:28
But hey, youโ€™re listening to me.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
03:30
So youโ€™ve got that covered.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ์…จ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋œ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
And one final thing. Wish people like me luck, okay?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ € ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ–‰์šด์„ ๋นŒ์–ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์•„์…จ์ฃ ?
03:36
Because the clock is ticking for all of us.
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์ด์ œ ์ •๋ง ๋‚จ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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