Defend our freedom to share (or why SOPA is a bad idea) | Clay Shirky

509,311 views ใƒป 2012-01-18

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yubal Masalker ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
I'm going to start here.
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ืืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื–ื”.
00:17
This is a hand-lettered sign
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ื–ื”ื• ืฉืœื˜ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืชื‘-ื™ื“
00:19
that appeared in a mom and pop bakery
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ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืžืืคื™ื™ื” ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™ืช
00:21
in my old neighborhood in Brooklyn a few years ago.
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ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™ ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื.
00:24
The store owned one of those machines
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ื‘ืžืืคื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื›ื•ื ื”
00:26
that can print on plates of sugar.
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ืฉื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ื™ ืกื•ื›ืจ.
00:28
And kids could bring in drawings
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื
00:30
and have the store print a sugar plate
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืชื“ืคื™ืก ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ
00:33
for the top of their birthday cake.
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ืฉืœ ืขื•ื’ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
00:35
But unfortunately, one of the things kids liked to draw
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ, ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื”ื‘ื• ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ
00:38
was cartoon characters.
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ื”ื™ื” ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืจื˜ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื.
00:40
They liked to draw the Little Mermaid,
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ื”ื ืื”ื‘ื• ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช
00:42
they'd like to draw a smurf, they'd like to draw Micky Mouse.
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ื‘ืช-ื”ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื”, ื”ื“ืจื“ืกื™ื ื•ืžื™ืงื™ ืžืื•ืก.
00:45
But it turns out to be illegal
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™
00:47
to print a child's drawing of Micky Mouse
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ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื™ ืžืื•ืก ืฉื™ืœื“ ืฆื™ื™ืจ,
00:50
onto a plate of sugar.
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ืขืœ ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ืขื•ื’ื” ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืกื•ื›ืจ.
00:53
And it's a copyright violation.
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ื–ื• ื”ืคืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
00:55
And policing copyright violations
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ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
00:57
for children's birthday cakes
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช
00:59
was such a hassle
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ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื–ื” ืžื˜ืจื“
01:01
that the College Bakery said,
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ืฉื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื” ืืžืจื” ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ,
01:03
"You know what, we're getting out of that business.
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"ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžื”ืžืฉื—ืง.
01:05
If you're an amateur,
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ืื ืืชื” ืจืง ื—ื•ื‘ื‘,
01:07
you don't have access to our machine anymore.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
01:09
If you want a printed sugar birthday cake,
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ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืขืœ ืขื•ื’ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช,
01:11
you have to use one of our prefab images --
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ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื—ืช ืžื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช-ืžืจืืฉ ืฉืœื ื• --
01:15
only for professionals."
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ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™ื."
01:17
So there's two bills in Congress right now.
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ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก (ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™).
01:20
One is called SOPA, the other is called PIPA.
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ืื—ื“ ื ืงืจื SOPA ื•ื”ืื—ืจ PIPA.
01:22
SOPA stands for the Stop Online Piracy Act.
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SOPA ื–ื” ื—ื•ืง ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืคื™ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช.
01:24
It's from the Senate.
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ื”ื™ื•ื–ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื ืื˜.
01:26
PIPA is short for PROTECTIP,
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PIPA ื”ื•ื ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ PROTECTIP,
01:29
which is itself short for
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ
01:31
Preventing Real Online Threats
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ืžื ื™ืขืช ืื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช
01:33
to Economic Creativity
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ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช
01:35
and Theft of Intellectual Property --
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ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช --
01:37
because the congressional aides who name these things
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœืขื•ื–ืจื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืฉื”ื’ื•
01:39
have a lot of time on their hands.
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ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืคื ื•ื™.
01:41
And what SOPA and PIPA want to do
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ืžื” ืฉ-SOPA ื•-PIPA
01:43
is they want to do this.
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ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื.
01:45
They want to raise the cost
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ
01:47
of copyright compliance
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ื”ืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœืจืžื”
01:50
to the point where people simply get out of the business
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ื•ืชืจื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื
01:53
of offering it as a capability to amateurs.
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ืฉืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ืœื›ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ืŸ.
01:56
Now the way they propose to do this
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ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช
01:59
is to identify sites
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ื”ื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืชืจื™ื ืฉืžืคืจื™ื
02:01
that are substantially infringing on copyright --
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื --
02:03
although how those sites are identified
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ืืฃ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉืœื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื
02:05
is never fully specified in the bills --
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื–ื•ื”ื• ืืชืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• --
02:07
and then they want to remove them from the domain name system.
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ื•ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ืจื ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืชืจื™ื.
02:10
They want to take them out of the domain name system.
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืื•ืชื ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช.
02:12
Now the domain name system
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืชืจื™ื
02:14
is the thing that turns human-readable names, like Google.com,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืื•ืช, ื›ืžื• Google.com,
02:17
into the kinds of addresses
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ืœืžื™ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช
02:19
machines expect --
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ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื --
02:21
74.125.226.212.
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74.125.226.212
02:26
Now the problem with this model of censorship,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฆื ื–ื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื”,
02:29
of identifying a site
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ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืืชืจ
02:31
and then trying to remove it from the domain name system,
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ื•ืื– ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืกื™ืจื• ืžืจืฉื™ืžืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืชืจื™ื,
02:33
is that it won't work.
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ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“.
02:35
And you'd think that would be a pretty big problem for a law,
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ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง,
02:38
but Congress seems not to have let that bother them too much.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื–ื” ืœื ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™.
02:40
Now the reason it won't work
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“
02:42
is that you can still type 74.125.226.212 into the browser
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงืœื™ื“ 74.125.226.212 ื‘ื“ืคื“ืคืŸ
02:46
or you can make it a clickable link
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ืื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ
02:48
and you'll still go to Google.
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ื•ื›ืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื•ื’ืœ.
02:51
So the policing layer
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืฆืžื•
02:53
around the problem
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”
02:55
becomes the real threat of the act.
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ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ื—ื•ืง.
02:59
Now to understand how Congress came to write a bill
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื—ื•ืงืง ื—ื•ืง ืฉื›ื–ื”
03:02
that won't accomplish its stated goals,
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ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืฆื”ืจื•ืช,
03:05
but will produce a lot of pernicious side effects,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช,
03:07
you have to understand a little bit about the back story.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืงืฆืช ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืจืงืข.
03:09
And the back story is this:
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืจืงืข ื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื”:
03:11
SOPA and PIPA, as legislation,
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SOPA ื•-PIPA, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื—ืงื™ืงื”,
03:13
were drafted largely by media companies
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ื ื•ืกื—ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืคื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
03:16
that were founded in the 20th century.
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ืฉืงืžื• ื‘ืžืื” ื”-20.
03:18
The 20th century was a great time to be a media company,
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ื”ืžืื” ื”-20 ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื•ืฃ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช,
03:20
because the thing you really had on your side was scarcity.
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ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉืคืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช.
03:23
If you were making a TV show,
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ืื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืคื™ืง ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”,
03:25
it didn't have to be better than all other TV shows ever made;
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ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื–ื™ื” ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืื™-ืคืขื;
03:29
it only had to be better
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ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:31
than the two other shows
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ืจืง ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช
03:33
that were on at the same time --
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ --
03:35
which is a very low threshold
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ืฉื–ื” ืกืฃ ืžืื•ื“ ื ืžื•ืš
03:37
of competitive difficulty.
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ืœืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช.
03:40
Which meant
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื
03:42
that if you fielded average content,
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื“ืจืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžืžื•ืฆืข,
03:44
you got a third of the U.S. public for free --
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ื–ื›ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ --
03:47
tens of millions of users
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ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื,
03:50
for simply doing something
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชืžื•ืจืช ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืฉื”ื•
03:52
that wasn't too terrible.
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ืœื ืžืื•ื“ ื ื•ืจื.
03:54
This is like having a license to print money
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื“ืคืกืช ื›ืกืฃ
03:56
and a barrel of free ink.
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ื•ื—ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•.
03:58
But technology moved on, as technology is wont to do.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื ืขื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื˜ื‘ืขื” ืขื•ืฉื”.
04:01
And slowly, slowly, at the end of the 20th century,
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ื•ืœืื˜, ืœืื˜, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20,
04:04
that scarcity started to get eroded --
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ื”ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคื•ื’ื’ --
04:06
and I don't mean by digital technology;
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ื•ืื™ื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช,
04:08
I mean by analog technology.
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ืืœื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
04:10
Cassette tapes, video cassette recorders,
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ืงืœื˜ื•ืช, ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื•,
04:12
even the humble Xerox machine
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื”ืฆื ื•ืขื”,
04:14
created new opportunities
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ื™ืฆืจื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
04:16
for us to behave in ways
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ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืœื ื• ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื
04:18
that astonished the media business.
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ืฉื”ื“ื”ื™ืžื• ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
04:20
Because it turned out
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ื›ื™ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื•,
04:22
we're not really couch potatoes.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืคื“ืœืื•ืช ื›ื•ืจืกื.
04:24
We don't really like to only consume.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืง ืœืฆืจื•ืš.
04:27
We do like to consume,
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ืื ื• ื›ืŸ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืจื•ืš,
04:29
but every time one of these new tools came along,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืืžืฆืขื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื•,
04:32
it turned out we also like to produce
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ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืื ื• ื’ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
04:34
and we like to share.
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ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ.
04:36
And this freaked the media businesses out --
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืœ ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช --
04:38
it freaked them out every time.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื›ื–ื• ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื.
04:40
Jack Valenti, who was the head lobbyist
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ื’'ืง ื•ืืœื ื˜ื™, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉืชื“ืœืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
04:42
for the Motion Picture Association of America,
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ืžื˜ืขื ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘,
04:44
once likened the ferocious video cassette recorder
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ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืคืขื ืืช ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืงืœื˜ืช ื•ื™ื“ืื•
04:48
to Jack the Ripper
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ืœื’'ืง ื”ืžืจื˜ืฉ
04:50
and poor, helpless Hollywood
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ื•ืืช ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ ื”ืžืกื›ื ื” ื•ื—ืกืจืช ื”ื™ืฉืข
04:52
to a woman at home alone.
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ืœืื™ืฉื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
04:55
That was the level of rhetoric.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืžืช ื”ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ืงื”.
04:57
And so the media industries
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ืœื›ืŸ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
04:59
begged, insisted, demanded
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ื”ืชื—ื ื ื”, ื”ืชืขืงืฉื”, ื“ืจืฉื”
05:01
that Congress do something.
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ืฉื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื™ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื•.
05:03
And Congress did something.
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ื•ืื›ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื•.
05:05
By the early 90s, Congress passed the law
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90,
05:07
that changed everything.
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ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื—ื•ืง ืฉืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื›ืœ.
05:10
And that law was called the Audio Home Recording Act
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ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืง ื›ื•ื ื” "ื—ื•ืง ื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ืื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืชื™ื•ืช"
05:12
of 1992.
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ืฉืœ 1992.
05:14
What the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 said was,
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ืžื” ืฉื—ื•ืง ื”"ื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ืื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืชื™ื•ืช" ืฉืœ 1992 ืืžืจ,
05:17
look, if people are taping stuff off the radio
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ืชืจืื•, ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืจื“ื™ื•
05:19
and then making mixtapes for their friends,
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ื•ืื– ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื,
05:22
that is not a crime. That's okay.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืขื‘ื™ืจื”. ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
05:25
Taping and remixing
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ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ื•ืจืžื™ืงืก
05:27
and sharing with your friends is okay.
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ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื›ื ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
05:30
If you make lots and lots of high quality copies and you sell them,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืชืงื™ื
05:32
that's not okay.
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ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื, ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
05:34
But this taping business,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืกืงื™ ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช,
05:36
fine, let it go.
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ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื•.
05:38
And they thought that they clarified the issue,
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ื•ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื”,
05:41
because they'd set out a clear distinction
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”
05:43
between legal and illegal copying.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืชืงื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื‘ืœืชื™-ื—ื•ืงื™ืช.
05:45
But that wasn't what the media businesses wanted.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืจืฆื•.
05:48
They had wanted Congress
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ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืฉื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก
05:50
to outlaw copying full-stop.
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ื™ืฉื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืœื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช, ื ืงื•ื“ื”.
05:53
So when the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 was passed,
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ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”"ื—ื•ืง ื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ืื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืชื™ื•ืช" ืฉืœ 1992 ืขื‘ืจ,
05:56
the media businesses gave up on the idea
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ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื™ืชืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
06:00
of legal versus illegal distinctions for copying
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ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืชืงื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืœื‘ืœืชื™-ื—ื•ืงื™ืช
06:02
because it was clear
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ
06:04
that if Congress was acting in their framework,
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ืฉืื ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื•,
06:06
they might actually increase the rights of citizens
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ื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง
06:10
to participate in our own media environment.
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
06:12
So they went for plan B.
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ืื– ื”ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘'.
06:14
It took them a while to formulate plan B.
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ืœืงื— ืœื”ื ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ืกื— ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘'.
06:16
Plan B appeared in its first full-blown form
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘' ื ื—ืฉืคื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืžื ื•ืคื—ืช
06:18
in 1998 --
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ื‘-1998 --
06:20
something called the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื•ื ื” "ื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™".
06:23
It was a complicated piece of legislation, a lot of moving parts.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช, ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื.
06:25
But the main thrust of the DMCA
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืง ื”-DMCA
06:28
was that it was legal to sell you
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉื–ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ
06:30
uncopyable digital material --
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ื—ื•ืžืจ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืงื• --
06:32
except that there's no such things as uncopyable digital material.
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ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืงื•.
06:35
It would be, as Ed Felton once famously said,
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื”, ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืื™ืžืจืชื• ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ืื“ ืคืœื˜ื•ืŸ,
06:37
"Like handing out water
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"ื›ืžื• ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื
06:39
that wasn't wet."
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ืฉืื™ื ื ืจื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื."
06:41
Bits are copyable. That's what computers do.
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ื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
06:44
That is a side effect of their ordinary operation.
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ื–ื• ืชื•ืฆืืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœืชื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”.
06:47
So in order to fake the ability
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ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื™ื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
06:49
to sell uncopyable bits,
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ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืงื,
06:51
the DMCA also made it legal
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ื”-DMCA ื’ื ืขืฉื” ืœื—ื•ืงื™
06:53
to force you to use systems
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ืœืืœืฅ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช
06:56
that broke the copying function of your devices.
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ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืขืชืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
06:59
Every DVD player and game player
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ื›ืœ ื ื’ืŸ DVD ื•ื›ืœ ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื
07:01
and television and computer you brought home --
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ื•ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” --
07:04
no matter what you thought you were getting when you bought it --
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื --
07:07
could be broken by the content industries,
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ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืงืœืงื•ืœ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ,
07:10
if they wanted to set that as a condition of selling you the content.
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ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื–ืืช ื›ืชื ืื™ ืœืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ื•.
07:13
And to make sure you didn't realize,
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืœื ืžื’ืœื™ื, ืื• ืœื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื
07:16
or didn't enact their capabilities
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘
07:19
as general purpose computing devices,
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ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ,
07:21
they also made it illegal
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ื”ื ื’ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ืœืชื™-ื—ื•ืงื™
07:23
for you to try to reset
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช
07:25
the copyability of that content.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืชื•ืง ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
07:27
The DMCA marks the moment
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ื”-DMCA ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืฆื™ื•ืŸ-ื“ืจืš ืœืจื’ืข
07:29
when the media industries
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ื‘ื• ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
07:31
gave up on the legal system
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ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื
07:33
of distinguishing between legal and illegal copying
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ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืชืงื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืœื‘ืœืชื™-ื—ื•ืงื™ืช
07:36
and simply tried to prevent copying
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืขืชืงื•ืช
07:39
through technical means.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื.
07:41
Now the DMCA had, and is continuing to have, a lot of complicated effects,
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ืœ-DMCA ื”ื™ื•, ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช,
07:44
but in this one domain, limiting sharing,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช,
07:47
it has mostly not worked.
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ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
07:49
And the main reason it hasn't worked
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืขื‘ื“
07:51
is the Internet has turned out to be far more popular and far more powerful
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:54
than anyone imagined.
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ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื•ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ ืžื”ืฆืคื•ื™.
07:57
The mixtape, the fanzine,
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ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื, ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื,
07:59
that was nothing compared to what we're seeing now
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ื”ื ื›ืœื-ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืžื” ืฉืจื•ืื™ื
08:01
with the Internet.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
08:03
We are in a world
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
08:05
where most American citizens
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ื‘ื• ืจื•ื‘ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืืจื”"ื‘
08:07
over the age of 12
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ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 12
08:09
share things with each other online.
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ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
08:11
We share written things, we share images,
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ืื ื• ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื, ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช,
08:13
we share audio, we share video.
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ืื•ื“ื™ื•, ื•ื™ื“ืื•.
08:15
Some of the stuff we share is stuff we've made.
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื”ื ื›ืืœื” ืฉื™ืฆืจื ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•.
08:17
Some of the stuff we share is stuff we've found.
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ื—ืœืง ืื—ืจ ื–ื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืฆืื ื•.
08:19
Some of the stuff we share
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ื—ืœืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืชืคื™ื
08:21
is stuff we've made out of what we've found,
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ื–ื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฆืจื ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื• ืžืžื” ืฉืžืฆืื ื•,
08:23
and all of it horrifies those industries.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื—ืœื—ืœื” ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
08:26
So PIPA and SOPA
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ืœื›ืŸ PIPA ื•-SOPA
08:28
are round two.
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ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืฉื ื™.
08:30
But where the DMCA was surgical --
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืคื” ื”-DMCA ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืœืฉื ื™ --
08:32
we want to go down into your computer,
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคืœื•ืฉ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืš,
08:35
we want to go down into your television set, down into your game machine,
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ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคืœื•ืฉ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœืš, ืœืชื•ืš ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉืœืš,
08:38
and prevent it from doing
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ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื”
08:40
what they said it would do at the store --
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ืฉืืžืจื• ืœืš ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื --
08:42
PIPA and SOPA are nuclear
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PIPA ื•-SOPA ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ
08:44
and they're saying, we want to go anywhere in the world
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ื‘ืื•ืžืจื ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
08:48
and censor content.
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ื•ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
08:50
Now the mechanism, as I said, for doing this,
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ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช
08:53
is you need to take out anybody
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืœืง ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ
08:56
pointing to those IP addresses.
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ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”-IP ื”ืœืœื•.
08:58
You need to take them out of search engines,
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืœืง ืื•ืชื ืžืžื ื•ืขื™ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ,
09:00
you need to take them out of online directories,
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ืœืกืœืง ืื•ืชื ืžืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช,
09:02
you need to take them out of user lists.
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ืœืกืœืง ืื•ืชื ืžืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื.
09:05
And because the biggest producers of content on the Internet
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ื•ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจืฉืช
09:09
are not Google and Yahoo,
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ื”ื ืœื ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื•ื™ืื”ื•,
09:12
they're us,
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ืืœื ืื ื—ื ื•,
09:14
we're the people getting policed.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื ืืœื” ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืชื—ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื—.
09:16
Because in the end,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
09:18
the real threat
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ื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ืžืžืฉื™
09:21
to the enactment of PIPA and SOPA
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ืขืœ ืื›ื™ืคืช PIPA ื•-SOPA
09:24
is our ability to share things with one another.
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœืฉืชืฃ ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
09:27
So what PIPA and SOPA risk doing
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ืœื›ืŸ ืžื” ืฉ-PIPA ื•-SOPA ืžืกื›ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื
09:30
is taking a centuries-old legal concept,
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ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืช ืžืื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื•ืžืจืช
09:33
innocent until proven guilty,
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ืฉืื“ื ื—ืฃ-ืžืคืฉืข ืขื“ ืœื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ืืฉืžืชื•,
09:35
and reversing it --
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ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื” --
09:37
guilty until proven innocent.
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ืืฉื ืขื“ ืœื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ื—ืคื•ืชื•.
09:39
You can't share
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ืืกื•ืจ ืœืš ืœืฉืชืฃ
09:41
until you show us
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ืขื“ ืฉืชื•ื›ื™ื— ืœื ื•
09:44
that you're not sharing something
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ืฉืื™ื ืš ืžืฉืชืฃ ืžืฉื”ื•
09:46
we don't like.
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ืฉืื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
09:48
Suddenly, the burden of proof for legal versus illegal
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ืคืชืื•ื ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืœื-ื—ื•ืงื™
09:51
falls affirmatively on us
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ื ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœื™ื ื•
09:53
and on the services
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื
09:55
that might be offering us any new capabilities.
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ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื ื• ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
09:58
And if it costs even a dime
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ื•ืื ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืจืง 10 ืกื ื˜
10:01
to police a user,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืื—ื“,
10:03
that will crush a service
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ื–ื” ื™ืžื•ื˜ื˜ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื’ื•ืจื
10:05
with a hundred million users.
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ื”ืžืฉืจืช ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื.
10:07
So this is the Internet they have in mind.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืžืชืจื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื•ื—ื.
10:09
Imagine this sign everywhere --
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืฉืœื˜ ื–ื” ื™ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื --
10:12
except imagine it doesn't say College Bakery,
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ืืœื ืฉืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ืžืืคื™ื™ื”,
10:15
imagine it says YouTube
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ืืœื ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘
10:17
and Facebook and Twitter.
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ื•ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื•ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ.
10:19
Imagine it says TED,
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื• TED,
10:21
because the comments can't be policed
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช
10:24
at any acceptable cost.
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ื‘ืฉื•ื ืขืœื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื”.
10:27
The real effects of SOPA and PIPA
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ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ SOPA ื•-PIPA
10:30
are going to be different than the proposed effects.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืช ืžืžื” ืฉื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื•.
10:33
The threat, in fact,
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ื”ืื™ื•ื, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
10:35
is this inversion of the burden of proof,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื™ืคื•ืš ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื”,
10:38
where we suddenly
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืคืชืข,
10:40
are all treated like thieves
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ
10:42
at every moment we're given the freedom to create,
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ,ืœื”ืคื™ืง, ืื• ืœืฉืชืฃ,
10:45
to produce or to share.
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ื™ืชื™ื—ืกื• ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื ื•ื›ืœ.
10:48
And the people who provide those capabilities to us --
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ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• --
10:51
the YouTubes, the Facebooks, the Twitters and TEDs --
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ื”ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืงื™ื, ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื•ื”-TEDื™ื --
10:54
are in the business
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื
10:56
of having to police us,
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ืœืคืงื— ืขืœื™ื ื•,
10:58
or being on the hook for contributory infringement.
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ืื• ืฉื™ืกืชื›ื ื• ื‘ืืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื“ื‘ืจ-ืขื‘ื™ืจื”.
11:01
There's two things you can do
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
11:03
to help stop this --
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืขืฆื™ืจืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” --
11:05
a simple thing and a complicated thing,
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ืื—ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘,
11:08
an easy thing and a hard thing.
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ืื—ื“ ืงืœ ื•ืื—ื“ ืงืฉื”.
11:10
The simple thing, the easy thing, is this:
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื”ืงืœ ื”ื•ื ื–ื”:
11:12
if you're an American citizen,
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ืžื™ ืฉืื–ืจื— ืืจื”"ื‘,
11:14
call your representative, call your senator.
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ืฉื™ืชืงืฉืจ ืœื ืฆื™ื’ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื, ืœืกื ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•.
11:17
When you look at
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื
11:20
the people who co-signed on the SOPA bill,
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ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ SOPA,
11:23
people who've co-signed on PIPA,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ืชืžื• PIPA,
11:25
what you see is that they have cumulatively received
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ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื•
11:28
millions and millions of dollars
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ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
11:31
from the traditional media industries.
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ืžืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืžื•ืกื“ืช.
11:33
You don't have millions and millions of dollars,
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ืœื›ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื,
11:35
but you can call your representatives,
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ืืš ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœื ืฆื™ื’ื›ื,
11:37
and you can remind them that you vote,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื”,
11:40
and you can ask not to be treated like a thief,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืฉืœื ื™ืชื™ื—ืกื• ืืœื™ื›ื ื›ืžื• ืืœ ื’ื ื‘ื™ื,
11:43
and you can suggest that you would prefer
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื
11:45
that the Internet not be broken.
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ืฉืœื ื™ื”ืจืกื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
11:48
And if you're not an American citizen,
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ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืื–ืจื— ืืจื”"ื‘,
11:50
you can contact American citizens that you know
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจ
11:52
and encourage them to do the same.
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ื•ืœื”ืžืจื™ืฆื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื "ืœ.
11:54
Because this seems like a national issue,
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช,
11:56
but it is not.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื.
11:58
These industries will not be content
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ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื–ื• ืœื ืชืกืชืคืง ืจืง
12:00
with breaking our Internet.
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ื‘ื”ืจื™ืกืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื.
12:02
If they break it, they will break it for everybody.
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ืื ื”ื ื™ื”ืจืกื• ืื•ืชื•, ื”ื ื™ื”ืจืกื• ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ื•ืœื.
12:05
That's the easy thing.
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืœ.
12:07
That's the simple thing.
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ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
12:09
The hard thing is this:
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ื”ื•ื ื–ื”:
12:11
get ready, because more is coming.
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ื ื•, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื ื”.
12:14
SOPA is simply a reversion of COICA,
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SOPA ื–ื• ืจืง ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ COICA,
12:17
which was purposed last year, which did not pass.
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ืฉื”ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ืขื‘ืจ.
12:19
And all of this goes back
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืื—ื•ืจื”
12:21
to the failure of the DMCA
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ืœื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœ DMCA
12:23
to disallow sharing as a technical means.
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ืœืืกื•ืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžื”ืคืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ ืฉืœื•.
12:25
And the DMCA goes back to the Audio Home Recording Act,
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ื”-DMCA ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืื—ื•ืจื” ืืœ "ื—ื•ืง ื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ืื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืชื™ื•ืช",
12:28
which horrified those industries.
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ืฉื”ื‘ื”ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
12:30
Because the whole business
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ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”
12:32
of actually suggesting that someone is breaking the law
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ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ืื– ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื ื’ื“ื•
12:35
and then gathering evidence and proving that,
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ืจืื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื–ืืช,
12:37
that turns out to be really inconvenient.
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ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื ื•ื—.
12:40
"We'd prefer not to do that,"
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"ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช",
12:42
says the content industries.
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
12:44
And what they want is not to have to do that.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
12:47
They don't want legal distinctions
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ื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช
12:49
between legal and illegal sharing.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœืœื-ื—ื•ืงื™.
12:51
They just want the sharing to go away.
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื™ื™ืขืœื.
12:53
PIPA and SOPA are not oddities, they're not anomalies,
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PIPA ื•-SOPA ืื™ื ื ื”ื—ืจื™ื’, ื”ื ืœื ืกื˜ื™ื™ืช ืชืงืŸ,
12:56
they're not events.
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ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช.
12:58
They're the next turn of this particular screw,
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ื”ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืจื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื–ื”,
13:01
which has been going on 20 years now.
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ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ 20 ืฉื ื”.
13:03
And if we defeat these, as I hope we do,
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ืื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื‘ื™ืก ืืช ืืœื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื”,
13:05
more is coming.
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ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืขื•ื“.
13:07
Because until we convince Congress
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ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืฉื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก
13:12
that the way to deal with copyright violation
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ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืคืจื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
13:15
is the way copyright violation was dealt with with Napster, with YouTube,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื• ืขื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื ืคืกื˜ืจ, ืขื ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘,
13:19
which is to have a trial with all the presentation of evidence
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžืฉืคื˜ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช,
13:22
and the hashing out of facts and the assessment of remedies
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ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื™ืืช ืคื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช
13:25
that goes on in democratic societies.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
13:27
That's the way to handle this.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื–ื”.
13:29
In the meantime,
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ื•ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื,
13:31
the hard thing to do is to be ready.
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ืžื” ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ.
13:33
Because that's the real message of PIPA and SOPA.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžืชื•ืš PIPA ื•-SOPA.
13:35
Time Warner has called
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ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืจื ืจ ืงืจื ืœื“ื’ืœ
13:37
and they want us all back on the couch,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื”,
13:39
just consuming --
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ืจืง ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื --
13:41
not producing, not sharing --
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ืœื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ืœื ืžืฉืชืคื™ื --
13:43
and we should say, "No."
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ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ, "ืœื".
13:45
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
13:47
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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