Defend our freedom to share (or why SOPA is a bad idea) | Clay Shirky

509,169 views ใƒป 2012-01-18

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Woo Hwang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Poram Lee
00:15
I'm going to start here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
This is a hand-lettered sign
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „
00:19
that appeared in a mom and pop bakery
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจํด๋ฆฐ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•  ๋‹น์‹œ
00:21
in my old neighborhood in Brooklyn a few years ago.
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๋™๋„ค ์ œ๊ณผ์ ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
The store owned one of those machines
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๊ทธ ์ œ๊ณผ์ ์—๋Š” ์„คํƒ•ํŒ์— ์žฅ์‹์„ ์ƒˆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
00:26
that can print on plates of sugar.
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:28
And kids could bring in drawings
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์ƒ์ผ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ
00:30
and have the store print a sugar plate
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์„คํƒ•ํŒ์— ์ธ์‡„ํ•ด
00:33
for the top of their birthday cake.
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์žฅ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
But unfortunately, one of the things kids liked to draw
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
was cartoon characters.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ธ์–ด๊ณต์ฃผ,
00:40
They liked to draw the Little Mermaid,
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์Šค๋จธํ”„, ๋ฏธํ‚ค ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
00:42
they'd like to draw a smurf, they'd like to draw Micky Mouse.
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๋งŒํ™” ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
00:45
But it turns out to be illegal
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๋ฏธํ‚ค ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ
00:47
to print a child's drawing of Micky Mouse
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์„คํƒ•ํŒ์— ์ธ์‡„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
00:50
onto a plate of sugar.
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๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
And it's a copyright violation.
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:55
And policing copyright violations
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ด
00:57
for children's birthday cakes
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์›Œ์ง€์ž
00:59
was such a hassle
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ œ๊ณผ์ ์—์„ 
01:01
that the College Bakery said,
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์„คํƒ•ํŒ์— ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์ƒˆ๊ธฐ๋Š”
01:03
"You know what, we're getting out of that business.
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์ž‘์—…์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
If you're an amateur,
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์ผ€์ดํฌ ์œ„์— ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„
01:07
you don't have access to our machine anymore.
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๊ผญ ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:09
If you want a printed sugar birthday cake,
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋†“์€
01:11
you have to use one of our prefab images --
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๊ทธ๋ฆผ ์ค‘์—์„œ
01:15
only for professionals."
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ณจ๋ผ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
So there's two bills in Congress right now.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ ๊ตญํšŒ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ด ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
One is called SOPA, the other is called PIPA.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” SOPA๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” PIPA์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
SOPA stands for the Stop Online Piracy Act.
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์ƒ์›์—์„œ ์ž…์•ˆ๋œ SOPA๋Š” Stop Online Piracy Act์˜ ์ค„์ž„๋ง๋กœ
01:24
It's from the Senate.
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ๊ธˆ์ง€ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ 
01:26
PIPA is short for PROTECTIP,
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PIPA๋Š” PROTECT IP์˜ ์•ฝ์ž๋กœ
01:29
which is itself short for
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์ •์‹ ๋ช…์นญ์€
01:31
Preventing Real Online Threats
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
01:33
to Economic Creativity
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์‹ค์งˆ์  ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์œ„ํ˜‘ ๋ฐ
01:35
and Theft of Intellectual Property --
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์ง€์‹ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
because the congressional aides who name these things
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ง“๋Š” ์˜ํšŒ ๋ณด์ขŒ๊ด€๋“ค์˜
01:39
have a lot of time on their hands.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‚จ์•„๋„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:41
And what SOPA and PIPA want to do
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SOPA์™€ PIPA์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€
01:43
is they want to do this.
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์ค€์ˆ˜์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์„
01:45
They want to raise the cost
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์—„์ฒญ ๋†’์—ฌ์„œ
01:47
of copyright compliance
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„
01:50
to the point where people simply get out of the business
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์›์ฒœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
of offering it as a capability to amateurs.
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์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
01:56
Now the way they propose to do this
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋“ค์„
01:59
is to identify sites
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๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ๋„ค์ž„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
that are substantially infringing on copyright --
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ๋Š”์ง€๋Š”
02:03
although how those sites are identified
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:05
is never fully specified in the bills --
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ๋„ค์ž„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ
02:07
and then they want to remove them from the domain name system.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
They want to take them out of the domain name system.
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๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ๋„ค์ž„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:12
Now the domain name system
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์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ๋„ค์ž„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€
02:14
is the thing that turns human-readable names, like Google.com,
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google.com์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ
02:17
into the kinds of addresses
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74.125.226.212์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
02:19
machines expect --
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:21
74.125.226.212.
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์ˆซ์žํ˜• ์ฃผ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
Now the problem with this model of censorship,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ
02:29
of identifying a site
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๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ๋„ค์ž„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ
02:31
and then trying to remove it from the domain name system,
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์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ
02:33
is that it won't work.
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ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
And you'd think that would be a pretty big problem for a law,
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74.125.226.212๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์†Œ์ฐฝ์— ์ง์ ‘ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:38
but Congress seems not to have let that bother them too much.
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ํ•˜์ดํผ๋งํฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ €์žฅํ•ด๋†“์œผ๋ฉด
02:40
Now the reason it won't work
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์—†์ด ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์—
02:42
is that you can still type 74.125.226.212 into the browser
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์ ‘์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
or you can make it a clickable link
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ํšจ๊ณผ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์“ธ๋ชจ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋ƒ๊ณ 
02:48
and you'll still go to Google.
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ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตญํšŒ์—์„  ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
So the policing layer
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:53
around the problem
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๊ฐ์‹œํ™œ๋™์ด
02:55
becomes the real threat of the act.
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๊ทธ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
Now to understand how Congress came to write a bill
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์‹ค์งˆ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—†๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋งŒ
03:02
that won't accomplish its stated goals,
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๋‚ณ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ์™œ ์ž…์•ˆ์‹œ์ผฐ๋Š”์ง€
03:05
but will produce a lot of pernicious side effects,
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:07
you have to understand a little bit about the back story.
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๋จผ์ € ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
And the back story is this:
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SOPA์™€ PIPA๊ฐ€ ์ž…์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š”
03:11
SOPA and PIPA, as legislation,
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋œ
03:13
were drafted largely by media companies
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด
03:16
that were founded in the 20th century.
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ํฐ ๋ชซ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
The 20th century was a great time to be a media company,
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๋กœ์„  ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ๋‚˜
03:20
because the thing you really had on your side was scarcity.
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ์†Œ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
If you were making a TV show,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‡ผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:25
it didn't have to be better than all other TV shows ever made;
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‡ผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ‹€์–ด์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ TV์‡ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:29
it only had to be better
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๊ทธ์ € ๋™ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์— ๋ฐฉ์†ก๋˜๋Š”
03:31
than the two other shows
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋งŒ
03:33
that were on at the same time --
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๋” ์ž˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
which is a very low threshold
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ
03:37
of competitive difficulty.
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๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฅ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:40
Which meant
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์ด ๋ง์€ ์ฆ‰ ์Šจ, ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜
03:42
that if you fielded average content,
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
03:44
you got a third of the U.S. public for free --
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1/3์˜ ์‹œ์ฒญ๋ฅ ์€ ๋ณด์žฅ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
tens of millions of users
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—‰๋ง์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
03:50
for simply doing something
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๋“ค์„
03:52
that wasn't too terrible.
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ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
This is like having a license to print money
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์ด๊ฑด ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ž‰ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ฐ›์•„
03:56
and a barrel of free ink.
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์ง€ํ๋ฅผ ์ฐ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
But technology moved on, as technology is wont to do.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ ์  ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:01
And slowly, slowly, at the end of the 20th century,
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ง์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ
04:04
that scarcity started to get eroded --
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ํฌ์†Œ์„ฑ์€ ์ ์ฐจ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
and I don't mean by digital technology;
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด
04:08
I mean by analog technology.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
Cassette tapes, video cassette recorders,
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์นด์„ธํŠธํ…Œ์ดํ”„, ๋น„๋””์˜ค ํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ๋…นํ™”๊ธฐ,
04:12
even the humble Xerox machine
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ณต์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๋„
04:14
created new opportunities
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์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
for us to behave in ways
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์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€
04:18
that astonished the media business.
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๋†€๋ผ์›€์„ ๊ฐ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Because it turned out
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์•Œ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
04:22
we're not really couch potatoes.
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์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:24
We don't really like to only consume.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
04:27
We do like to consume,
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๊ทธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
04:29
but every time one of these new tools came along,
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๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
04:32
it turned out we also like to produce
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๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
04:34
and we like to share.
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๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
And this freaked the media businesses out --
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์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€
04:38
it freaked them out every time.
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๋‹นํ˜น๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
Jack Valenti, who was the head lobbyist
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜ํ™” ํ˜‘ํšŒ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ๋กœ๋น„์ŠคํŠธ์˜€๋˜
04:42
for the Motion Picture Association of America,
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์žญ ๋ฐœ๋ Œํ‹ฐ๋Š” ๋น„๋””์˜คํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ๋…นํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
04:44
once likened the ferocious video cassette recorder
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์žญ ๋” ๋Ÿฌํผ[์—ญ: 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ํ† ๋ง‰ ์‚ด์ธ๋ฒ”]์—
04:48
to Jack the Ripper
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๋น„์œ ํ–ˆ์ฃ ,
04:50
and poor, helpless Hollywood
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ• ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋“œ๋Š”
04:52
to a woman at home alone.
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์ง‘์— ํ™€๋กœ ์™ธ๋กœ์ด ์ง€๋‚ด๋Š” ์—ฌ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
That was the level of rhetoric.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ž…์— ๋ฐœ๋ฆฐ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์—ฌ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
04:57
And so the media industries
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€
04:59
begged, insisted, demanded
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์˜ํšŒ์— ์กฐ์ฒ˜ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ 
05:01
that Congress do something.
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์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์˜ํšŒ๋Š”
05:03
And Congress did something.
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์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
By the early 90s, Congress passed the law
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90๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ์— ์˜ํšŒ๋Š”
05:07
that changed everything.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
And that law was called the Audio Home Recording Act
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๊ทธ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ 1992๋…„์˜
05:12
of 1992.
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์˜ค๋””์˜ค ๊ฐ€์ • ๋…น์Œ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
What the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 said was,
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์ด ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ๋“ค์ด
05:17
look, if people are taping stuff off the radio
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๊ฐœ์ธ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ๋ฐฉ์†ก์„
05:19
and then making mixtapes for their friends,
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๋…น์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
05:22
that is not a crime. That's okay.
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๋ฐฉ์†ก์„ ๋…น์Œํ•ด์„œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด๋„
05:25
Taping and remixing
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๋ฌธ์ œ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
and sharing with your friends is okay.
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๋…น์Œํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์†ก ๋‚ด์šฉ์„
05:30
If you make lots and lots of high quality copies and you sell them,
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๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์ œํ•ด์„œ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:32
that's not okay.
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ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:34
But this taping business,
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๋…น์Œ ํ–‰์œ„ ์ž์ฒด๋Š”
05:36
fine, let it go.
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๋ฌธ์ œ ์‚ผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
And they thought that they clarified the issue,
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์˜ํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
05:41
because they'd set out a clear distinction
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋๋‹ค๊ณ 
05:43
between legal and illegal copying.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š”
05:45
But that wasn't what the media businesses wanted.
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
They had wanted Congress
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์˜ํšŒ๊ฐ€
05:50
to outlaw copying full-stop.
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๋ณต์ œ ํ–‰์œ„ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
So when the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 was passed,
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์˜ค๋””์˜ค ๊ฐ€์ • ๋…น์Œ๋ฒ•์ด ํ†ต๊ณผ๋œ ํ›„
05:56
the media businesses gave up on the idea
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๋ณต์ œ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์ง“๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ• 
06:00
of legal versus illegal distinctions for copying
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
because it was clear
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์˜ํšŒ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๊ฐ„
06:04
that if Congress was acting in their framework,
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ๋“ค์ด
06:06
they might actually increase the rights of citizens
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋” ์ž์œ ๋กœ์›Œ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์‹คํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
to participate in our own media environment.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€
06:12
So they went for plan B.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
It took them a while to formulate plan B.
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์ด ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ข€ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
Plan B appeared in its first full-blown form
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์ด ๊ณ„ํš์€ 1998๋…„์ด ๋ผ์„œ์•ผ
06:18
in 1998 --
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์—„ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š”
06:20
something called the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
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์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
It was a complicated piece of legislation, a lot of moving parts.
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์ด ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ฝค ๋ณต์žกํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:25
But the main thrust of the DMCA
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋ณต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์˜ ํŒ๋งค๋Š”
06:28
was that it was legal to sell you
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ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
uncopyable digital material --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ณต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
06:32
except that there's no such things as uncopyable digital material.
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
It would be, as Ed Felton once famously said,
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์—๋“œ ํŽ ํ†ค ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
06:37
"Like handing out water
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ –์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฌผ์„
06:39
that wasn't wet."
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์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ž‘ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
Bits are copyable. That's what computers do.
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๋น„ํŠธ๋Š” ๋ณต์ œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
That is a side effect of their ordinary operation.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ์ค‘ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
06:47
So in order to fake the ability
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๋ณต์ œ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋น„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹ค๋Š”
06:49
to sell uncopyable bits,
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๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์†์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:51
the DMCA also made it legal
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DMCA ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜์—
06:53
to force you to use systems
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๋ณต์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ
06:56
that broke the copying function of your devices.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
Every DVD player and game player
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์ปจํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:01
and television and computer you brought home --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•ด์„œ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ
07:04
no matter what you thought you were getting when you bought it --
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๋ชจ๋“  DVD ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด, ๊ฒŒ์ž„๊ธฐ, TV๋Š”
07:07
could be broken by the content industries,
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์ปจํ…์ธ  ์‚ฐ์—… ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€์ˆด๋ฒ„๋ ค์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
if they wanted to set that as a condition of selling you the content.
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๊ตฌ๋งคํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜๋“  ๋ชฐ๋ž๋˜์ง€ ๊ฐ„์—์š”.
07:13
And to make sure you didn't realize,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ชฐ๋ž๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:16
or didn't enact their capabilities
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์„ ๋ฒ”์šฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์žฅ๋น„๋กœ
07:19
as general purpose computing devices,
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์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
07:21
they also made it illegal
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
07:23
for you to try to reset
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์ปจํ…์ธ ์˜ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ
07:25
the copyability of that content.
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๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
The DMCA marks the moment
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์‚ฐ์—…์ด
07:29
when the media industries
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ํ•ฉ๋ฒ• ๋ณต์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์  ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
07:31
gave up on the legal system
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๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
07:33
of distinguishing between legal and illegal copying
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
07:36
and simply tried to prevent copying
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ณต์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
07:39
through technical means.
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DMCA๊ฐ€ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:41
Now the DMCA had, and is continuing to have, a lot of complicated effects,
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DMCA๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:44
but in this one domain, limiting sharing,
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DMCA๊ฐ€ ์†์ˆ˜๋ฌด์ฑ…์ธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
it has mostly not worked.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๊ณต์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
And the main reason it hasn't worked
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DMCA๊ฐ€ ์†์ˆ˜๋ฌด์ฑ…์ธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
07:51
is the Internet has turned out to be far more popular and far more powerful
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ
07:54
than anyone imagined.
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๋Œ€์ค‘์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
The mixtape, the fanzine,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด
07:59
that was nothing compared to what we're seeing now
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๋ฏน์Šค ํ…Œ์ดํ”„์™€ ํŒฌ ์žก์ง€๋Š”
08:01
with the Internet.
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
We are in a world
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 12์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋ฏผ
08:05
where most American citizens
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ
08:07
over the age of 12
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์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š”
08:09
share things with each other online.
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์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
We share written things, we share images,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธ€์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:13
we share audio, we share video.
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์Œ์•…์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์˜์ƒ๋„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
Some of the stuff we share is stuff we've made.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
08:17
Some of the stuff we share is stuff we've found.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
08:19
Some of the stuff we share
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๋˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์„
08:21
is stuff we've made out of what we've found,
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๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
and all of it horrifies those industries.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์—
08:26
So PIPA and SOPA
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์•…๋ชฝ์ด๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
are round two.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ PIPA์™€ SOPA๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
But where the DMCA was surgical --
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DMCA๋Š” ์™ธ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๊ณผ ํก์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
we want to go down into your computer,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ, TV, ๊ฒŒ์ž„๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
08:35
we want to go down into your television set, down into your game machine,
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์ „์ž๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€
08:38
and prevent it from doing
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ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ
08:40
what they said it would do at the store --
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์ˆ˜์ˆ ์— ๋น„์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
PIPA and SOPA are nuclear
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด PIPA์™€ SOPA๋Š” ํ•ตํญํƒ„์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
and they're saying, we want to go anywhere in the world
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๊ฒ€์—ด์ด
08:48
and censor content.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Now the mechanism, as I said, for doing this,
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ์•ž์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
08:53
is you need to take out anybody
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์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” IP ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋Š”
08:56
pointing to those IP addresses.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
You need to take them out of search engines,
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์ฐธ์กฐ ๋‚ด์—ญ์„ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ์—”์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๊ณ 
09:00
you need to take them out of online directories,
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋””๋ ‰ํ† ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๊ณ 
09:02
you need to take them out of user lists.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๋ชฉ๋ก์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ญ์ œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
And because the biggest producers of content on the Internet
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž๋Š”
09:09
are not Google and Yahoo,
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€์ด๋‚˜ ์•ผํ›„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
they're us,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
09:14
we're the people getting policed.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
Because in the end,
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š”,
09:18
the real threat
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PIPA์™€ SOPA ๋ฒ•์•ˆ ์ œ์ •์—
09:21
to the enactment of PIPA and SOPA
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์ง„์งœ ์œ„ํ˜‘์š”์†Œ๋Š”
09:24
is our ability to share things with one another.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
So what PIPA and SOPA risk doing
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PIPA์™€ SOPA๊ฐ€ ๊ฐํžˆ ๋’ค์ง‘๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:30
is taking a centuries-old legal concept,
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์˜ค๋žœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ธ ์œ ์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ •๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
09:33
innocent until proven guilty,
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๋ฌด์ฃ„๋ผ๋Š” ์›์น™์„ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ
09:35
and reversing it --
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๋ฌด์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ •๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
09:37
guilty until proven innocent.
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์œ ์ฃ„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
You can't share
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
09:41
until you show us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
09:44
that you're not sharing something
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์ž…์ฆํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
09:46
we don't like.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
Suddenly, the burden of proof for legal versus illegal
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ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ƒ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ด๋ƒ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด
09:51
falls affirmatively on us
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
09:53
and on the services
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
09:55
that might be offering us any new capabilities.
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์„œ๋น„์Šค๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:58
And if it costs even a dime
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
10:01
to police a user,
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ํ•œ ํ‘ผ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์†Œ์š”๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:03
that will crush a service
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„
10:05
with a hundred million users.
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์„œ๋น„์Šค๋„ ์—†์•  ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
So this is the Internet they have in mind.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
Imagine this sign everywhere --
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง•ํ›„๊ฐ€ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:12
except imagine it doesn't say College Bakery,
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๋™๋„ค ๋นต์ง‘๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„,
10:15
imagine it says YouTube
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์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ, ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ, ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—
10:17
and Facebook and Twitter.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:19
Imagine it says TED,
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ํ…Œ๋“œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
10:21
because the comments can't be policed
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋“ค์€ ์ ์ •ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ
10:24
at any acceptable cost.
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๊ฐ์‹œํ•  ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:27
The real effects of SOPA and PIPA
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SOPA์™€ PIPA๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€๋Š”
10:30
are going to be different than the proposed effects.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
The threat, in fact,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:35
is this inversion of the burden of proof,
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์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ€๋‹ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์ „์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:38
where we suddenly
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
10:40
are all treated like thieves
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์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
10:42
at every moment we're given the freedom to create,
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์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜
10:45
to produce or to share.
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๋„๋‘‘๋†ˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:48
And the people who provide those capabilities to us --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ, ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ, ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ, ํ…Œ๋“œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
10:51
the YouTubes, the Facebooks, the Twitters and TEDs --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”
10:54
are in the business
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์„œ๋น„์Šค๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๋Š”
10:56
of having to police us,
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์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:58
or being on the hook for contributory infringement.
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๋˜๋Š” ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ๋ฐฉ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
There's two things you can do
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€
11:03
to help stop this --
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
a simple thing and a complicated thing,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‰ฝ๊ณ 
11:08
an easy thing and a hard thing.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
The simple thing, the easy thing, is this:
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
11:12
if you're an American citizen,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
11:14
call your representative, call your senator.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์˜์›์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™” ํ•œ ํ†ต ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
11:17
When you look at
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ
11:20
the people who co-signed on the SOPA bill,
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SOPA ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
11:23
people who've co-signed on PIPA,
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๋˜๋Š” PIPA ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ณด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:25
what you see is that they have cumulatively received
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ
11:28
millions and millions of dollars
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๊พธ์ค€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์”ฉ
11:31
from the traditional media industries.
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๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
You don't have millions and millions of dollars,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
11:35
but you can call your representatives,
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์˜์›์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ
11:37
and you can remind them that you vote,
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ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌํ•œํ…Œ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
11:40
and you can ask not to be treated like a thief,
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์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ ๋„๋‘‘๋†ˆ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์™€
11:43
and you can suggest that you would prefer
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๋ง์น˜๋Š” ์ง“์„
11:45
that the Internet not be broken.
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๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
And if you're not an American citizen,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด
11:50
you can contact American citizens that you know
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์•„๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•ด์„œ
11:52
and encourage them to do the same.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ณ ๋ฌดํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
Because this seems like a national issue,
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์–ผํ• ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด๊ฑด ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
11:56
but it is not.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
These industries will not be content
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์— ์ฐจ์ง€
12:00
with breaking our Internet.
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์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด
12:02
If they break it, they will break it for everybody.
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๋ฌด๋„ˆ์งˆ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
That's the easy thing.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
That's the simple thing.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
12:09
The hard thing is this:
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์€ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
get ready, because more is coming.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ณ„์† ๋Œ€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์ฃ .
12:14
SOPA is simply a reversion of COICA,
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SOPA๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ COICA์˜ ๋ณต๊ท€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
which was purposed last year, which did not pass.
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์ง€๋‚œํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ†ต๊ณผ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ด์ฃ .
12:19
And all of this goes back
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COICA๋Š” DMCA๊ฐ€ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ
12:21
to the failure of the DMCA
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ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
12:23
to disallow sharing as a technical means.
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๋˜ DMCA๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด
12:25
And the DMCA goes back to the Audio Home Recording Act,
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์˜ค๋””์˜ค ๊ฐ€์ • ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์„œ
12:28
which horrified those industries.
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๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
Because the whole business
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•์„ ์–ด๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ 
12:32
of actually suggesting that someone is breaking the law
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:35
and then gathering evidence and proving that,
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์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ผ์€
12:37
that turns out to be really inconvenient.
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์ •๋ง ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
12:40
"We'd prefer not to do that,"
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ 
12:42
says the content industries.
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์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
And what they want is not to have to do that.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
They don't want legal distinctions
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต์œ  ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
12:49
between legal and illegal sharing.
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๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
They just want the sharing to go away.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต์œ  ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
PIPA and SOPA are not oddities, they're not anomalies,
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PIPA์™€ SOPA๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ด๋ก€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
12:56
they're not events.
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์Šค์ณ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผํšŒ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
They're the next turn of this particular screw,
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PIPA์™€ SOPA๋Š” 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์–ด์ ธ ์˜จ
13:01
which has been going on 20 years now.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
And if we defeat these, as I hope we do,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ PIPA์™€ SOPA๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์•„๋‚ธ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
13:05
more is coming.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
Because until we convince Congress
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋“์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
13:12
that the way to deal with copyright violation
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด
13:15
is the way copyright violation was dealt with with Napster, with YouTube,
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๋ƒ…์Šคํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
which is to have a trial with all the presentation of evidence
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žฌํŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
13:22
and the hashing out of facts and the assessment of remedies
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
13:25
that goes on in democratic societies.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
That's the way to handle this.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
In the meantime,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
the hard thing to do is to be ready.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
Because that's the real message of PIPA and SOPA.
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PIPA์™€ SOPA๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
Time Warner has called
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ํƒ€์ž„์›Œ๋„ˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„
13:37
and they want us all back on the couch,
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์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„
13:39
just consuming --
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์†ŒํŒŒ์— ์•‰์•„์„œ ๊ทธ์ € ์†Œ๋น„๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
13:41
not producing, not sharing --
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์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์—
13:43
and we should say, "No."
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๊ตด๋ณตํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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